Significance of Sunnah and Hadith in Islam, What is Hadith, Classification of Hadith, What is Bida'ah?

2. • It provides real explanation of Quranic
ayahs
• It clarifies difficult to understand parts
of Quran
• It provides detailed information about
the brief references in Quran
• It guides towards the practical
application of the ayahs of Quran

3. We have sent down unto thee (also) the Message; that you may
explain clearly to men what is sent for them and that they may give
thought.
Nahl,16:44
And We sent down the Book to thee for the express purpose
that thou shouldst make clear to them those things in which
they differ and that it should be a guide and a mercy to
those who believe

4. • And it is not possible for a human being that Allah should
speak to him, except by revelation, or from behind a
curtain or that He should send a messenger and reveal by
His leave what He wills.
(42:51)
• And he (the Prophet) does not speak out of his own
desire. It is not but a revelation revealed (to him).
(53:3-4)

5. It is the revelation which can be recited in the prayers.
–
It is the revelation received by the Holy Prophet from time
to time guiding him in day-to-day affairs and the details of
the principles laid down in the Holy Qur’ân with their
correct interpretation.
• It was demonstrated through the sayings and acts of the
Holy Prophet which is his Sunnah (Hadith when reported).
• This second kind of revelation is not part of the Holy
Qur’ân, but the Holy Qur’ân not only refers to it frequently
but attributes its contents to Allâh Almighty.

6. And recall the favor of Allah upon you and the book (Quran)
and Hikmah (Hadith) that He has revealed to you to instruct
you with. (2: )
• And Allah has revealed upon you the Book and the
wisdom, and has taught you what you did not know and
the grace of Allah upon you has been great. (4:113)

7. • Wisdom referred to here is something additional to the
Holy Qur'an, and it has also been revealed to the Holy
Prophet (SAW) by Allah Almighty.
• “And (Allah) has taught you what you did not know.”
means that Allah has not only revealed:
The Book
Wisdom,
Taught the Holy Prophet(SAW) what he did not know
before.
• This teaching includes all kinds of directions given by Allah
to His prophet (SAW):
through the Holy Book
through “un-recited revelation” in the light of which the
Holy Prophet (SAW) performed his functions as a
messenger of Allah.

8. Statement
Action
Approval

9. Hadith
refers to reports of
statements or
actions of Prophet
Muhammad, or of
his tacit approval
or criticism of
something said or
done in his
presence.
Khabar
(news,
information) often
refers to reports
about
Muhammad, but
sometimes refers
to traditions about
his companions
and their
successors.
Athar
(trace,
vestige)
usually refers
to traditions
about the
companions
and
successors

10. -Matn
or the
text-
which
contains
the actual
narrative
-Isnad
(pleural of
Sanad) or the
chain of
narrators-which
documents the
route by which
the report has
been
transmitted.
- Taraf-
the initial part
of the text
which refers
to the saying,
action,
characteristic
of the
Prophet.

12. 1-Sahih
Transmitted
through an
unbroken chain of
narrators all of
whom are of sound
character and
memory. Such a
hadith should not
clash with a more
reliable report and
must not suffer
from any other
hidden defect
2-Hasan
Transmitted through
an unbroken chain of
narrators all of whom
are of sound
character but weak
memory. This hadith
should not clash with
a more reliable
report and must not
suffer from any other
hidden defect

13. 3-Dai’f
Which cannot gain the
status of hasan because
it lacks one or more
elements of a hasan
hadith.
• if the narrator is not of
sound memory and
sound character,
• or if there is a hidden
fault in the narrative
• or if the chain of
narrators is broken
4-Mawdu
• Fabricated and
wrongly ascribed
to Prophet
Muhammad
5-Maqlub
• It is that hadith,
in two different
narrations of
which the names
of narrators
have been
changed

14. Khabar-i
mutawatir/
mashhur
• A mutawatir hadith is reported by such a
large number of narrators that cannot be
perceived to have jointly forged and narrated
a tradition about an issue without a
compelling force
Khabar-i
wāhid
• Signifies a historical narrative that falls short of
yielding certain knowledge. Even if more than one
person reports the narrative, that does not make it
certain and conclusive truth except when the number
of narrators reporting it grows to the level that the
possibility of their consensus on forging a lie is
perfectly removed.

15. Mash’hur
Aziz
Gharib
Famous- hadith reported by
more than two reporters
Rare, Strong –at any stage in
isnad, only two reporters are
found
Strange- at any stage in isnad,
only one reporter is found
relating it

16. Qudsi-
Sacred
• Divine- a revelation from Allah (SWT) relayed with
the Prophet’s words
Marfu-
Elevated
• A narration from the Prophet (SAW) like I heard from the
Prophet
Mauquf-
StoppedA
• A narration from the companion only like we were
commanded by the Prophet (SAW)
Maqtu-
Severed
• A narration from a successor

18. 1-Musnad-
supported
• Reported by a traditionalist from his teacher and sanad
reaches a well known companion (sahabee) reporting
from Prophet (SAW)
2-Mursal-
hurried
• When the link between a successor (tabe’ee)
and the Prophet (SAW) is missing.
3-Muttasil-
continuous
• Uninterrupted isnad which goes back to only to
a companion (sahabee) or a successor (tabi’ee)

19. 4-Munqati
broken
• Hadith whose link anywhere before the successor
(tabe’ee),i.e., between the traditionalist and the
tabe’ee is missing
5-Mu’dal
Perplexing
• A Hadith whose reporter ignores 2 or more links in
isnad
6-Mu’allaq
Hanging
• A Hadith whose reported ignores the whole isnad
and quotes from the Prophet (SAW) directly

20. Ziadatu Thiqa-
addition by
reliable
reporter
Munkar-
denounced
Mudraj-
interpolated
Reported by a strong,
reliable reporter
Reported by a weak reporter and
whose report goes against
another reliable report
An addition by a reporter to the
text of the hadith being reported

21. Jarah wa
ta’deel
Rijalul
Hadith
Mukhtalif
ul Hadith
Ilalul
Hadith
Gharibul
Hadith
Nasikh Wa
Mansookh

22. o It deals with the level of Adal (justice) and Thiqa or
reliability of the reporters. It also consists of defects
and weaknesses in them.
o Books on this subject
1. Tabqaat Ibn Saad, (15 volumes) by Ibn Saad Zuhri
2. Ijazul Wa’d Al Muntaqa Min Tabqat Ibn Saad- by
Imam Suyuti is a summary version of Tabaqaat
3. At- Tareekhul Sagheer and Kabeer by Bukhari
4. Fi Auham As’habut Tawareekh by Ibn Hibban

23. o In this branch, detail knowledge about reporters of
Hadith (Rawi’s) are discussed.
o Books
1. Tabaqaat Ibn Saad
2. Usdul Ghabah Fi Asma As Sahaba by Ibn Aseer
3- Al Asabah Fi Tamyeez As Sahabah by Ibn Hajar
Asqalani
4- Ainul Asabah by Imam Suyuti

24. 3-
o Those ahadith are discussed in which there is
apparent contradiction
• Tatbeeq or harmony in meaning is researched
between such ahadith.
o Books
1. At Tadreeb by Imam Shafi
2. Sharah Nakhba by Ibn Hijr

25. o In this branch those hidden reasons and causes are
discussed due to which correctness of hadith is
questioned.
• Examples- Hadith Munqati being Mausul
• Hadith Mauquf being Marfu
• Ilal or reasons which make a hadith da’eef
o Books-
1. Ibnul Madini 2- Imam Muslim 3- Ibn Abi Hatem
4- Ali Ibn Umar Daraqutni 5- Mohammad bin Abdullah
Hakim 6- Ibnul Jawzi

26. o In this science those ahadith are discussed whose
meaning is not clear to many people due to change
in Arabic language.
o Books-
1. Al Risala Al Mustatrifah
2. Tauzihul Afkaar
3. Al Fa’iq Fi Gharibul Hadith by Zamakhshari
4. An Nihaya Fi Gharibul Hadith by Ibnul Aseer
5. Ad Durrun Naseer by Imam Suyuti

27. • In this science those ahadith are discussed which
could not be coincided. One hadith is considered
abrogated.
• Knowledge of abrogation is obtained from Prophet
and at times from sirah and history.
o Books- by following scholars-
1. Ahmad bin Ishaq Dinari 2- Mohammad bin Bahar
Isbahani 3- Mohammad bin Musa Hazmi 4- Ibnul
Jawzi

30. Guidance and knowledge
Barren Land
Does not bring
vegetation
Does not hold water
Fertile Land
Absorbs water
Vegetables and grass
Holds water for benefit
to others

32. Sahih, Hasan and Mutawatar ahadith
1. Bukhari 2-Muslim 3- Muatta Malik
These books are not at the earlier level. Their
compilers used utmost caution and maintained high
standards.
1- Jami Tirmidhi 2- Sunan Abu Dawood 3- Musnad
Ahmad Bin Hanbal 4- Nisai

33. These books contain weak ahadith. Their reporters
are not well known.
1- Musnad Ibn Abi Shaibah 2- Musnad Tialsi 3-
Musnad Abd Bin Humaid 4- Author Abdul Razzaq 5-
Baihaqi 6- Tabrani 7- Tahawi
It includes books which have unreliable reporters
1- Ibn Mardawiyah 2- Ibn Shaheen 3- Abu Ash Shaikh

34. • These are the books which contain most accurate
ahadith. These are:
• 1-Bukhari 2- Muslim 3- Abu Dawood 4- Tirmidhi 5-
Nisai 6- Ibn Majah
• Some scholar (Muhaddath Razeen and Ibnal Aseer)
include Muatta Imam Malik here instead of Ibn
Majah.
• Ibn Hajar Asqalani include Sunan Darami in Sihah
• Kutubul Khamsah are Sihah minus Ibn Majah

35. • Jami is a book of hadith which includes these 8
chapters: 1- Aqaid 2- Ahkam 3- Riqaq 4- Ettiquettes
of eating and drinking 5- Tafseer/history/travels
6-Travel/residence 7- Fitn 8- Manaqib
Examples- Jami Bukhari, Jami Tirmidhi

36. Musnad is a book of hadith in which ahadith are
collected according to the categories of Sahaba and
their names. Status of Sahaba and their family lines
are considered. Examples- Musnad Abu Dawood
Tialsi, Musnad Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal
(Pl of Mu’jam)
• Ahadith are collected in alphabetic order.Examples-
Mu’jam Tabarani, Mu’jam Kabeer, Mu’jam
Mutawassat.

37. • Those ahadith are collected here which are in
accordance to the conditions set by the author.
Example- Mustadrak Ala Sahihain by Imam Hakim
Nashapuri. Imam Zahabi has written its summary.
• Mustakhrij means that an author reports the
ahadith of a book with his own sanad besides the
original compiler.
• Examples- 1-Mustakhraj Abi Bakr upon Bukhari
• 2-Mustakhraj Abi Awanah upon Muslim

38. • 3- Mustakhraj Ali Toosi upon Tirmidhi
• 4- Mustakhraj Mohammad ibn Abdul Malik ibn
Aimin upon Sunan Abi Dawood
When a single companion’s reports are gathered in a
book or ahadith on one issue are collected in it,then it
is called Juz.
Examples- 1- Juz Abi Bakr
2- Juz Fi Qiyamul Lail- Lil Maroozi
3- Juz Fi Salatud Duha- Lil Suyuti

39. • Ikhtisar or short version of Hadith Books-
1. At-Tajreedus Saheeh by Zubaidi ( Bukhari)
2. Ikhtisar Sahih Muslim by Hafiz Munzari
• Jami or collection of all books or some ahadith
1. Jami’ul Usool by Ibn Aseer- It is collection of
Bukhari+Muslim+Abu Dawood+Tirmidhi+Nisai
2. Majma Uz Zawaid by Haithami- Zawaid means
those ahadith which are besides “Sihah Sittah”. He
gathered zawaid of Masaneed Ahmad+Bazzar+Abu
Ya’la+Mujam kabeer+ Mujam aust+Mujam sagheer

40. 3- Jama Ul Fawaid Min Jami Ul Usool Wa Majma Uz
Zawaid-by Allama Mohammad Ibn Mohammad Ibn
Sulaiman (D- 1094 H)- It is collection of zawaid from
Ibn Aseer+Haithami+Darami+Ibn Maja. It is like
encyclopedia of Hadith containing 10,000 ahadith
spread over 14 books.
• Collection of Ahadith in alphabetic order
1. Al Jami Us Sagheer by Hafiz Suyuti-
2. Al Fathul Kabeer bi Ziayadutul Jami Us Sagheer by
Sheikh Nabhani. It has additions to Jami Us
Sagheer
3. Al Jami Ul Kabeer by Hafiz Suyuti
4. Kanzul Ummal by Sheikh Ala Uddin Ali Al Muttaqi

41. • Books with particular subjects-
1- Al Azkar by Imam Nawawi- Azkar and duas
2-Al Kalamut Tayyab by Ibn Taymiya- Azkar
3- Al Adbul Mufrad by Imam Bukhari- Etiquettes and
virtues
4- Shi’bul Iman by Imam Baihaqi- Etiquettes of life
5- Riyadus Saleheen by Nawawi- Virtuous deeds
6- Targheeb Wa Tarheeb by Hafiz Munzari- Leading to
virtues and create fear for sins.
7-Umdatul Ahkam by Hafiz Muqaddasi- Ahkam
8-Al Almam by Ibn Daqeeq Al Eid. Ahkam
9-Muntaqi Ul Akhbar by Majad ibn Taymiyah-Ahkam
10-Bulooghul Maram by Ibn Hajar- Ahkam

42. • Bukhari
1. Umdatul Qari by Allama Aini
2. Irshadus Saari by Qustalani
3. Fathul Bari by Ibn Hajar Asqalani
• Muslim
1. Sharah Muslim by Imam Nawawi
2. Sharah Muslim by Abbi and Sunusi
3. Fathul Mulhim by Allama Shabbir A Usmani

43. • Abu Dawood
1. Ma’alimus Sunan by Kahtabi
2. Tahzeebus Sunan by Ibn Qayyam
3. Aunul Mabood by Diyanwi
4. Bazalul Majhood by Allama Khalil A Saharnpuri
5. Al Manhul Azabul Maurood by Mahmood K Subki
• Tirmidhi
1. Arizatul Ahwazi by Ibn Arabi
2. Tuhfatul Ahwazi by Abdul Rahman Mubarakpuri
• Nisai
1. Taliqat by Allama Suyuti and Sanadi

44. • Mu’atta Imam Malik
1. Al Muntaqa by Abu Al Waleed Baji
2. Tanweerul Hawalik by Allama Suyuti
3. Musawwa by Shah Wali Ullah Dehlwi
4. Aujazul Masalik by Sheikh Zakariya Kandhalwi
5. Musaffa ( in Persian) by Imam Dehlwi
6. Al Tamheed Li Maani Al Mu’atta Minal Maani Wal
Asaneed by Allama Ibn Abdul Barr in 8 volumes
• Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal
1. Al Fathul Rabbani by Ahmad Ibn Abdul Rahman Al
Banna
2. Ta’liqaat Musnad Ahmad by Ahmad M Shakir

45. • Mishkatul Masabih
1. Mirqatul Mafatih by Mullah Ali Qari in 5 volumes
2. Mar’atu Mafatih by Ubaidullah Mubarkpuri
• Al Jami’us Sagheer
1. Faizul Qadeer by Allama Mannawi in 6 volumes
2. Al Yaseer by Allama Mannawi in 2 volumes
3. Al Sirajul Muneer by Azeezi in 2 volumes
• Riyadus Saleheen-
1. Daleelul Faliheen in 4 volumes
• Al Arba’een by Nawawi
1. Al Mubeen Ul Mo’een Li Faham Ul Arba’een by Mullah
Ali Qari
2. Fathul Mubeen by Ibn Hajar Haithami

46. • Al Khamseen Al Rajabiyah
1. Jami Ul Uloom Wal Hukum Fi Sharh Khamseen
Hadithan Min Jawami Ul Kalam by Ibn Rajab
• Al Ahkam by Ibn Daqeeq
1. Sharah Umdatul Ahkam
2. Al Iddah by Imam San’ani.
• Muntaqi Ul Akhbar
1. Neelul Autar by Allama Shaukani
• Bulughul Maraam
• Subulul Salaam by Allama Suna’ani

47. • Books which explain the difficult words and parts of
hadith
1. Gharibul Hadith by Abu Ubaid Ibn Salaam- This
book is like encyclopedia on this subject
2. Mashariqul Anwaar by Qazi Ayyaz
3. Majma Baharul Anwaar by Allama Mohammad
Tahir Patani

48. And they have been commanded no more than this: to
worship Allah offering Him sincere devotion being True (in
faith); to establish regular Prayer; and to practice regular
Charity; and that is the Religion Right and Straight.(98:5)
It is not their meat nor their blood that reaches Allah: it is
your piety that reaches Him. (Haj,22:37)

49. It is narrated by Ibne- Abbas (R) that Rasulullah(S) said, “The person
whom Allah graced with the knowledge of His Deen but he showed
miserliness in teaching it to others and even if he teaches to others, he
collects remuneration for it and builds his own world. Such persons will
have bridle of fire on the Day of Judgment and an angel will declare
pinpointed to him that he is the person whom Allah favored with the
knowledge of Deen but he showed miserliness in teaching it to others and
collected money even to whom he taught and thereby built his own world.
This angel will constantly go on making this declaration till the end of
accountability on the Day of Judgment”.

50. Select ahadith from authentic books of ahadith
Categorize these under different topics
Do not select weak ahadith
One must study these ahadith in depth, analyze them
and find evidences in support of its components

51. We must make ahadith knowledge and values learned to
guide us in our everyday life.
Adal or justice is one value for example. We must deal
justly with everyone
Shura or consultation is another example. We must
practice it in our family and society
Moral values that we learn,e.g., truthfulness, fulfilling
promises, patience, generosity, mercy must reflect in our
everyday conduct

52. Some people have tried to give false
meanings to some ahadith for their own
purpose
They give priority to their false ideology or
group and try to modify the meanings in their
support.
They take the meaning out of proper context
and then present it in favor of their idea.

53. Abu Huraira relates that Prophet (SAW) said: “Islam began
strange, and it will become strange again just like it was at
the beginning, so blessed are the strangers.” *Muslim
(1/130)]
The hadith tells us that a time will come when person, on
account of his uprightness in knowledge and in deed, finds
few who agree with him but many who disagree with him.
Some people wrongly present this hadith to excuse
themselves from obligation of Dawah and establishing
Islam in the society.
They spread hopelessness amongst Muslims

54. 1-"Prophethood (meaning himself) will remain with you for as long as
Allah wills it to remain, then Allah will raise it up whenever he wills to
raise it up.
2-Afterwards, there will be a Caliphate that follows the guidance of
Prophet- hood remaining with you for as long as Allah wills it to
remain. Then, he will raise it up whenever He wills to raise it up.
3-Afterwards, there will be a reign of oppressive (Muslim kings)rule
and it will remain with you for as long as Allah wills it to remain.
4-Then, there will be a reign of tyrannical rule and it will remain for as long as Allah
wills it to remain. Then, Allah will raise it up whenever He wills to raise it up.
5-Then, there will be a Caliphate that follows the guidance of
Prophet- hood." (Nauman Ibn-e-Basheer in Musnad-Ahmad )

55. One must remain alert about the attacks on Hadith by
orientalists, secularists or Islamophobes
Some attack the integrity of Sahaba
Others attack sources of ahadith
Authenticity of hadith is questioned when it goes against
some groups views
There are groups among Muslims who reject the whole
treasury of Hadith and claim that “Quran is enough for them.”

56. • As Sunnah Wa Makanatuha Fi Tashri Al Islam
by Dr.Mustafa As Saba’I
• As Sunnah Qabal Al Tadween-by Ajjaj Al Khateeb
• Al Anwarul Kashifa- by Abdur Rahman Bin Yahya
• Al Hadith Wal Muhaddithun-by Dr. M Abu Zahu
• Dirasat Fi Hadith An Nabawi-by Dr. M Azami
• Difa Anis-Sunna- by Dr.M Abu Shuhba
• Sunnat Ki Aini Hathiyat (in Urdu) by Imam
Maudoodi

57. Some ahadith require detailed explanation which may not be
digested by lay person
Example is of Hadith which talks about prostration of sun under
Allah’s throne every day
One must mention ahadith related to every day life.
Imam Nawawi said,” Ahadith which are above the intellectual
capacity of audience should not be presented.” (Taqreeb)
Ali (R) said,”Do you like that Allah and His Prophet are denied?
Present things to the people which they can easily understand.”

58. Abdullah Ibn Masood(R) said,” Whenever you
present something which is above people’s mental
capacity, it will cause Fitna for some people.”
Prophet (SAW) said,” It is enough for a person to
be a liar if he quotes every thing he listens .”
(Muslim)
Imam Malik (R) said,” That person could not be a
true Muslim who quotes everything his ears hear.”

59. Scholars prohibit us from reporting Maudu hadith
Prophet (SAW) said,” Whoever quotes a hadith on me
knowing that it is false, then he is one of the liars.”
(Muslim)
Ibn Jauzi said,” When those who misguide others saw that
they can not alter Quran, then they started adding to the
ahadith.”
Allah (SWT) created such scholars who have done extensive
work to differentiate between Sahih and Maudu ahadith.

60. • Bid‘ah - ) in Sharia is any innovations in
religious matters for rewards for which there is no
basis in Quran, Hadith or in action of companions
• Linguistically the term means "innovation, novelty,
heretical doctrine, heresy
• Two kinds of bid’ah.
• 1-The first type is innovation in matters of the
world in technology, medicine, computers, etc. This
is allowed because it involves matters of life.
• 2-The second kind of bid’ah is innovation in
matters of religion, without precedence.

63. • Every innovation is a going astray and every going
astray is in the fire." (Tirmidhi)

64. • "This day I have perfected your religion for you, completed My
Favor upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion"
(Maidah 5: 3)
• "And let those who oppose the Messenger’s way beware, lest
some conflict befall them or a painful torment be inflicted on
them." (Noor 24:63)
• "Verily this is My Straight path, so follow it and follow not (other)
paths, they will separate you away from His path. This He has
ordained for you that you may become pious." (Anam 6:153)

65. • Aisha(R) reported Muhammad(S) said: "Whoever
innovates into this affair of ours something that we
have not commanded it is to be rejected" (Bukhari
and Muslim)

66. • Jaabir (R) narrated Muhammad(S) said, "The best speech
is the Book of Allah and the best guidance and example is
that of Muhammad(SAW), and the worse of all things are
the newly invented things (in the religion), for every
innovation is a error and a misguidance." (Muslim)

67. • Muhammad (S) said, "Verily I shall proceed you to
the Fountain (Al-Kawthar). Whosoever will pass by
me shall drink (from it) and never get thirsty. People
whom I know and who will know me will certainly
come to me for drink but there will be a barrier
between them and me. Then I will say, "Verily they
are of me.’ It will be said, ‘You certainly do not know
what bid’ah (innovation) they made after you.’ Then
I shall say, "Be off those who made bid’ah after me.’
(Bukhari and Muslim)

68. • He (S) said, "Allah does not erase knowledge by
erasing the knowledge from slaves. Rather He
erases knowledge through the death of scholars.
When He leaves (the earth) without scholars,
people will take the ignorant as leaders. They will
be asked and then give religious rulings without
knowledge. Then they will be led, and will lead
(others) astray." (Ahmad)
• "Islam started as something strange, and it would
go back to being strange. So give glad tidings to the
strangers, those who make right what the people
have corrupted of my Sunnah." (Tirmidhi)

69. • Because the disobedient knows that he disobeys
Allah (S.W.T.), and he may repent for his sin, but the
innovator usually does not repent for his
innovation,
• He believes that his innovation is part of the Deen,
• Imam Sufian Ath-Thawri said: "Satan prefers
innovation to sins, because it's less likely to repent
from."

70. • The companions did not innovate in their collection of the
Qur'an in one book after it was dispersed,
• Their deed was but a mean from the means of preserving
Qur'an, and the means might change with time
• Building schools and adding classrooms to accomplish the
obligation of acquiring knowledge. Because building schools
and adding classrooms is means not part of the deen.
• Using the loud speakers in the masjid for the prayers and for
classes. Because using the loud speakers is means not part of
the deen.
• Putting lines on the prayer carpet in some masajid to make
straight prayer lines easier. Because putting lines on the
prayer carpet is means not part of the deen.

71. • Confronting the innovator by showing that his
innovation is wrong according to the divine
evidence so that he becomes knowledgeable about
his innovations. The confrontation is to be done in
private.
• Confronting the followers of innovators by
showing them the danger of their innovation using
divine evidence.
• Protecting all Muslims from the innovations by
teaching them the right divine knowledge based
on authentic evidence