This document summarizes information about the novel coronavirus (COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2). It describes the virus as a single-stranded, enveloped virus that was named coronavirus due to the crown-like spikes on its surface. This is the third epidemic of this virus, with the first in China in 2003 and second in Saudi Arabia in 2012. Coronaviruses can range from causing the common cold to more severe diseases like MERS and SARS. SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh coronavirus known to infect humans. The virus enters the lungs by inhalation and binds to the ACE2 receptor to begin infecting cells. Transmission is mainly through inhalation of droplets or contact with body

1. NOVEL CORONAVIRUS

2. NOVEL CORONAVIRUS
(COVID-19/SARS COV-2)
• Single strand, Non segmented, positive sense,
enveloped virus.
• Glycoprotein on surface looks like crown so
named as coronavirus
• This is a third epidemic of this virus which has
spread to cause pandemic.
• First epidemic was reported in China in 2003,
second epidemic in saudi arab in 2012

3. • Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that
cause illness ranging from the common cold to
more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory
Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome (SARS-CoV).
Coronaviruses are zoonotic, meaning they are
transmitted between animals and people.
• SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh coronavirus known to infect
humans; SARS-CoV , MERS- CoV and SARS-CoV-2 can
cause severe disease, whereas HKU1, NL63, OC43 and
229F are associated with mild symptoms.

4. PATHOGENESIS
• Virus enters by inhalation of droplets of the
respiratory secretions by infected patient.
• Reach lungs and binds to ACE2 receptor and
begin its infectivity there.
• The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has a
functional polybasic cleavage site which also
add to its infectivity.

5. TRANSMISSION
Mainly by inhalation
• Droplets
• Contact with body fluids
• Local contact like handshake, hugging.
• SOURCE:
• Banded krait, Chinese cobra
• Earlier it spread from animal to human, now
spreading human to human.

7. Diagnosis
• SPECIMENS:
• Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab
• Sputum
• Endotracheal aspirate or BAL
• Best is Real time PCR which conforms the
diagnosis.
• If positive then repeat test in every 3 day till it
becomes negative
• If negative repeat test after 24 hour.

8. TREATMENT
• Supportive, no vaccine available.
• IVF, symp treatment as with any viral common cold infection
• O2 by mask in case of SOB, ventilator is needed in severe infection.
• If patient with URI symptom with positive PCR but without lung infiltrate-
• Tab. Chloroquine 500mg BD PO for 5 days.
• Oseltamavir 150 mg PO for 5 days.
• If feature of COVID-19 Pneumonia then-
• Chloroquine 500 mg BD PO for 10 days.
• Darunavir/ cobicistat (800 mg + 150 mg) OD PO for 2 weeks.
• T. Oseltamavir 150 mg BD PO for 2 weeks.
• Newer agents: Favilavir
Remdesivir

9. PREVENTION

11. THANK YOU