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Forensic europe 2014 duncan carmichael

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Duncan Carmichael
Duncan Carmichael

The use of RFID in forensic applications. Presented at the 2014 Forensic Europe meeting in London on April 30th, 2014 The use of RFID, Radio Frequency Identification tags in forensic and toxicology sectors. Duncan Carmichael presented this on behalf of Agriyork400 Ltd. a UK based supplier of consumables and paraphernalia used in the forensic science marketplace. The PPT shows the advantages of RFID over bar code labels and how smartphones can be used for NFC (Near Field Communications) to replace traditional asset tracking applications.

CienciasEmpresarialesTecnología
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Duncan Carmichael AgriYork400 Ltd Sales Manager 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
RFID in Forensics  How does it work?  Where can it be used in the forensic sector?  What are the benefits?  What is the future? 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
RFID vs BAR CODE  Is possible to attach a tag on many surfaces  No line-of-sight requirements  Can be reprogrammed in the field to reflect current information, i.e. sample status and location.  Low Cost: £0.25  Now everything has a bar code  Requires line-of-sight  Only ID information  Data is fixed at the moment the label is printed  Cost free - relatively RFID BAR CODE Forensic Expo 201428/04/2014 Near Field Communications = Your Phone !!
RFID vs BAR CODE  Tags have read/write capability  Real Time Location  Unique ID (global standards)  Tamperproof/Tamper Evident  Ubiquitous  Can be damaged easily/Unreadable  Not unique RFID BAR CODE Forensic Expo 201428/04/2014 RFID has costs and benefits
What is RFID? RFID = Radio Frequency Identification  An RFID tag is an object that can be applied to or incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification using radiowaves. Some tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader. Forensic Expo 201428/04/2014 Wikipedia definition of RFID
RFID Technology Basics RFID Tag RFID reader Illumination field •Reader transmits an EM field through the antenna •Tag receives energy from field •Tag antenna converts energy to RF voltage and current •Current powers silicon chip on tag •Reader receives modulated signal converts to tag data •Silicon chip together with antenna reflects modulated data back to reader 0101000111001 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Factors Affecting Performance RFID Tag RFID reader 0101000111001 Illumination field •RF Frequency •Output power of reader •Quality of antenna on tag •Interference •Absorption •Reflection •Ruggedness of tag •Range •RF protocol •Communication protocol •Collision avoidance •Speed of data •Amount of data Cost Performance28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Components and types of RFID tag  Antenna: for receiving and transmitting the signal  Integrated Chip  Plastic Inlay TYPES  Passive: no battery, the electrical current induced in the antenna by the incoming radio frequency signal provides just enough power in the tag to power up and transmit a response  Active: internal power source, which is used to power the integrated circuits and broadcast the signal to the reader  Semipassive: similar to active tags in that they have their own power source, but the battery only powers the microchip and does not broadcast a signal. Forensic Expo 201428/04/2014 125/134 kHz 13,56 MHz 868/915 MHz >2,4 GHz international standard for RFID: Epc Gen2 Electronic Product Code Generation 2: From Wikipedia
TAGS: Different Types Active RFID Tags. These tags are battery powered in order to transmit a signal to a reader, and are generally used for high-value goods that need to be tracked over long ranges. Passive RFID Tags. These tags are not battery powered, and instead draw power from electromagnetic waves given off by an RFID reader. The read range for passive tags is usually under three meters. HF Tags work at 13.56 MHz and are « passive » They have no built in power source 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Combine RFID tags with NFC capabilities in smartphones
Radiowaves 13.56 MHz 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Communication in passive tags 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Reader transmits a wave signal The tag’s antenna receives the power This power is sufficient to read the data saved in the chip And transmit the data to the reader ID and Memory Reader to Tag, Tag to Reader
Tag – reader - phone app - software - database NTAG 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Components of a “System”  RFID Tags  RFID Reader  Application  Database 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 NTAG
Multiple formats and styles 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Xerafy XS Series Metal Tags which can be autoclaved 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Tag has unique ID 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
14 Digit Hexadecimal UID  Hex 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F  Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15  (0442edca0d2980)16 = (1.19948897139E+15)10 This Tag indentification is unique 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
100 Trillion? 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Follow a tag anywhere 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Yorkshire Manchester Hamburg Consett Yorkshire
High Frequency tags  Frequency: 13.56 MHz  Reading distance: 0 to 1 meter  Used in low cost mass markets  Laundry  Access control  Library  Logistics - warehousing  Sensitive to metal  Fast reading / writing rate  ISO Standards 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Handheld reader 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Rugged but expensive ~ £1500 Dedicated to reading tags
28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Low Cost Reader Attached to PC or Tablet
28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Reads tag, enters data into database Functions as a “keyboard device”
RFID chips in Credit Cards 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
NFC Near Field Communication 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Near Field Communications 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
NFC and your Smartphone 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
NTAG is a phone app 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Phone user inputs information directly onto secure database 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
NTAG - RFID asset tracking 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Phone User details….. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Warehouse full of samples 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Sample warehousing, retrieval and tracking 18,000 vials on a pallet 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Retrieve and locate - search by tag ID 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Evidence Kits: Storage & Retrieval
Tap the RFID Tag 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 NTAG
Real time location 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Histology slide storage 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
0.036 mm in size 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Core Platform is Based on the p-Chip • Silicon-based microtransponder • Light-activated electronic circuit • Integrated antenna • 64-bit architecture of current p-Chips, >1 billion IDs • Virtually impossible to copy as requires silicon foundry and proprietary coding p-Chips transmit a fixed and unique serial number via digital signal when activated by laser light from ID reader 100 microns* 500 microns Memory Photocell Digital Signal Out Antenna *Range: 10-100 microns
• Class 3R laser (FDA registered) • Operates in a low power standby mode • Automatically detects p-Chip • Read distance is 0-10 mm • Nominal read time of 2 msec • Powered by the USB interface on a PC • Upgrades easily ID Reader for Decoding p-Chips Amp Signal Processor RF p-Chip Pickup Coil Lens Laser & Optic mounting Laser Diode Driver Power Conversion 47
Problem • Different forms of barcode and printed labels present a difficulty in routine operations at times • Finding stored microscope slides in drawers presents a major issue Storage and location of histology slides
Reading Slides in Storage Drawers Current storage methods Future storage methods
Finding Slide in Storage Drawer
Angle for front face Lid extensions Histology cassettes PharmaSeq approach
NFC Tag with 14 digit Hexadecimal UID 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Google knows you! (or at least your phone…..) 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Track the user’s locations 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Track the visits/calls/duration 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Location of the phone user 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Unique TAG ID 14 digits
Tag Locations 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
HTA Compliance 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Samples Destroyed or Returned
Locate and retrieve the consent document 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Consent form relationship with the deceased immediately before they died. See Guidance note 6 for more information. The consent form is important as a record of consent given. The completion of the form is just one part of the consent process. Full explanation of the PM examination procedure along with discussion and time for reflection by those consenting, are equally important. Individuals and relatives should be able to discuss this process fully and ask any questions. Staff seeking consent for PM examination must be trained in how to obtain valid consent. Consent is only valid if proper communication has taken place. Consideration should be given to the needs of individuals and families whose first language is not English. The consent form covers consent for the PM examination itself as well as for the retention and use of organs and tissue following the PM examination. *If you modify this form, please remove the HTA logo. Format of the form Please note that there are three sections to this form. This form is produced as a Word file. You can edit the yellow shaded sections to make them appropriate for your Trust. Guidance notes, available at the end of this form, are also indicated by yellow shaded sections. They offer extra guidance and some suggest text that you might like to consider inserting, according to local practices. If you are having the form printed professionally, you may wish to consider producing it as a three-page booklet with duplicate copies. Consent for post-mortem examination of an adult Name of deceased: Date of birth: Date of death: Consultant / GP in charge of the patient: Hospital number for deceased: This form enables you to consent to a post-mortem examination of the body of the person named above. Please read it carefully with the person obtaining consent from you. For each section tick the relevant box to indicate your decisions and sign beneath each section. ! I confirm that I have had the opportunity to read and understand the [insert name of information leaflet]. ! I confirm that my questions about the post-mortem examination have been answered to my satisfaction and understanding. Signed by……………………………………..Name……………………………………………… Part 1: Post-mortem examination28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Attach Consent form to tag as html document 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Track the movement of a single tag 15/02/2013 08:23:59 18929b2b379040 7587631320 2 Station Road, Selby, North Yorkshire YO8, UK 53.782038 - 1.064631 Selby Platform 15/02/2013 08:38:47 18929b2b379040 7587631320 East Common Lane, Selby, North Yorkshire YO8, UK 53.776736 - 1.049074 15/02/2013 08:51:24 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Heck and Pollington Lane, Goole DN14, UK 53.680833 - 1.098372 Doncaster 5 Minutes north 15/02/2013 08:53:12 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Heck and Pollington Lane, Goole DN14, UK 53.680833 - 1.098372 Doncaster Station 15/02/2013 08:57:27 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Doncaster Centre, X2, Doncaster, South Yorkshire DN1, UK 53.522082 - 1.138374 Doncaster South 15/02/2013 09:25:50 18929b2b379040 7587631320 64, Newark, Nottinghamshire NG23, UK 53.136383 - 0.780355 Newark Northgate 15/02/2013 10:54:00 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Stagg Hill, EN6, UK 51.679504 - 0.171186 Emirates 15/02/2013 11:03:10 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Goods Way, London Borough of Camden, N1C, UK 51.534978 -0.12351 Kings Cross 15/02/2013 11:30:15 18929b2b379040 7587631320 187-199 Grays Inn Road, London, Greater London WC1X 8UL, UK 51.52606 - 0.117672 Grays Inn 15/02/2013 11:30:33 18929b2b379040 7587631320 187-199 Grays Inn Road, London, Greater London WC1X 8UL, UK 51.52606 - 0.117672 Grays Inn 139 Grays Inn28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
26/02/2014 13:34:07 0436b6ca0e2081 7587631320 A43, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.084387 - 1.022776 26/02/2014 13:36:37 0436b6ca0e2081 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:39:59 0436b6ca0e2081 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:59:13 04734c614e2380 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.080414 - 0.997953 Jerry 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Sample is transferred to another “owner” BELINDA RECEIVES SAMPLE
Chain of Custody Transfer 26/02/2014 13:29:13 04b225f24b2880 7587631320 Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.084387 - 1.022776 26/02/2014 13:34:02 044ad5f24b2880 7587631320 A43, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.084387 - 1.022776 26/02/2014 13:34:05 0426b6ca0e2081 7587631320 A43, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.084387 - 1.022776 26/02/2014 13:34:07 0436b6ca0e2081 7587631320 A43, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.084387 - 1.022776 26/02/2014 13:35:20 044ad5f24b2880 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 26/02/2014 13:35:35 044ad5f24b2880 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:36:33 044ad5f24b2880 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:36:37 0436b6ca0e2081 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:37:09 0436b6ca0e2081 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:39:59 0436b6ca0e2081 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:59:13 04734c614e2380 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.080414 - 0.997953 Jerry 26/02/2014 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire -28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Electronic Chain of Custody 0330 1000 747 Atkinson Lewis have taken Hair, Blood , Oral and Urine samples for use in Childcare cases involving drug or alcohol misuse for over 20 years. One of the key issues in any legal case is ensuring that the Chain of Custody is maintained. Using a 3G enabled tablet PC, our collectors are sent the location and details of the sample collection . Tablets are GPS enabled and linked to Google Maps. This means collector can find the site, and we also know where they are! We are also able to use the camera to verify identity .
0330 1000 747 The USB RFID reader, eliminates the „finger trouble‟ of entering the unique serial number of the sample taken. Tamperproof security seals are then attached The Donor confirms the RFID number on the tag is the same one automatically read Using the touch screen, the donor „signs‟ the tablet and the sample envelopes. The Electronic CoC is then sent to both receiving lab and our office
Track the movement of a single tag 15/02/2013 08:23:59 18929b2b379040 7587631320 2 Station Road, Selby, North Yorkshire YO8, UK 53.782038 - 1.064631 Selby Platform 15/02/2013 08:38:47 18929b2b379040 7587631320 East Common Lane, Selby, North Yorkshire YO8, UK 53.776736 - 1.049074 15/02/2013 08:51:24 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Heck and Pollington Lane, Goole DN14, UK 53.680833 - 1.098372 Doncaster 5 Minutes north 15/02/2013 08:53:12 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Heck and Pollington Lane, Goole DN14, UK 53.680833 - 1.098372 Doncaster Station 15/02/2013 08:57:27 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Doncaster Centre, X2, Doncaster, South Yorkshire DN1, UK 53.522082 - 1.138374 Doncaster South 15/02/2013 09:25:50 18929b2b379040 7587631320 64, Newark, Nottinghamshire NG23, UK 53.136383 - 0.780355 Newark Northgate 15/02/2013 10:54:00 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Stagg Hill, EN6, UK 51.679504 - 0.171186 Emirates 15/02/2013 11:03:10 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Goods Way, London Borough of Camden, N1C, UK 51.534978 -0.12351 Kings Cross 15/02/2013 11:30:15 18929b2b379040 7587631320 187-199 Grays Inn Road, London, Greater London WC1X 8UL, UK 51.52606 - 0.117672 Grays Inn 15/02/2013 11:30:33 18929b2b379040 7587631320 187-199 Grays Inn Road, London, Greater London WC1X 8UL, UK 51.52606 - 0.117672 Grays Inn 139 Grays Inn28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Map the location of a tag 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
RFID used in Point of Care Test 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
All subject/test data updated unlike “static” Barcode 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Instant update from phone read 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Phone ID hidden 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Read and Locate RFID tags by phone 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Asset Location via RFID and NFC 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
 What are the limitations of barcode?  Label size. Not suitable for extremely small items or tag dimensions.  Scan angle. Barcodes require line-of-sight scanning, without obstructions.  Tag orientation. Barcodes require line-of-sight scanning. You cannot read them through objects, paint, mud or dirt.  Harsh environments. Barcodes can be scratched, scuffed, or corroded.  Abrasion and direct impacts deface barcodes.  Bright sunlight and reflective surfaces.  Ice and Water droplets. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
TAGS: Different Types of chips The microchips contained within RFID tags can be identified as read-write or read-only. Read-Write RFID New information can be added to these chips, or existing information on these chips can be written over when the chip is within range of a reader. Laboratory test results and sample status can be frequently updated. Sample location included, chain of custody, evidence rooms etc. Read-Only RFID Generally less expensive than read-write tags, but still contain a UID. The Unique Identification is the most important feature of the tag. (Source: RFID-Handbook, BEAR, STEARNS & CO. INC.) 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
TAGS: Different Types (and Costs) Active RFID Tags. These tags are battery powered in order to transmit a signal to a reader, and are generally used for high-value goods that need to be tracked over long ranges. Passive RFID Tags. These tags are not battery powered, and instead draw power from electromagnetic waves given off by an RFID reader. The read range for passive tags is usually under three meters. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Cadavar and Sample Storage 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Sample location issues 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Home Office Drug Licence Requirements - DrugCab NTAG
28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Each Drug Standard has a RFID tag Chemist logs on, weights automatically updated
Drug stock, movement, use etc 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
DrugCab using RFID for asset tracking 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
DrugCab Full Inventory Log 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Stock control with a click 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
Track users and drug movements 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
The bottom line…….  Prior to the new system, 765 errors occurred out of 8,231 specimen bottles sent to the pathology laboratory for evaluation.  The error total plummeted, to 47 out of 8,539 bottles, after the RFID plan was instituted.  9.3% error rate fell to 0.5% 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
duncan@agriyork.co.uk  Questions?   28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014

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Forensic europe 2014 duncan carmichael

  • 1. Duncan Carmichael AgriYork400 Ltd Sales Manager 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 2. RFID in Forensics  How does it work?  Where can it be used in the forensic sector?  What are the benefits?  What is the future? 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 3. RFID vs BAR CODE  Is possible to attach a tag on many surfaces  No line-of-sight requirements  Can be reprogrammed in the field to reflect current information, i.e. sample status and location.  Low Cost: £0.25  Now everything has a bar code  Requires line-of-sight  Only ID information  Data is fixed at the moment the label is printed  Cost free - relatively RFID BAR CODE Forensic Expo 201428/04/2014 Near Field Communications = Your Phone !!
  • 4. RFID vs BAR CODE  Tags have read/write capability  Real Time Location  Unique ID (global standards)  Tamperproof/Tamper Evident  Ubiquitous  Can be damaged easily/Unreadable  Not unique RFID BAR CODE Forensic Expo 201428/04/2014 RFID has costs and benefits
  • 5. What is RFID? RFID = Radio Frequency Identification  An RFID tag is an object that can be applied to or incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification using radiowaves. Some tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader. Forensic Expo 201428/04/2014 Wikipedia definition of RFID
  • 6. RFID Technology Basics RFID Tag RFID reader Illumination field •Reader transmits an EM field through the antenna •Tag receives energy from field •Tag antenna converts energy to RF voltage and current •Current powers silicon chip on tag •Reader receives modulated signal converts to tag data •Silicon chip together with antenna reflects modulated data back to reader 0101000111001 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 7. Factors Affecting Performance RFID Tag RFID reader 0101000111001 Illumination field •RF Frequency •Output power of reader •Quality of antenna on tag •Interference •Absorption •Reflection •Ruggedness of tag •Range •RF protocol •Communication protocol •Collision avoidance •Speed of data •Amount of data Cost Performance28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 8. Components and types of RFID tag  Antenna: for receiving and transmitting the signal  Integrated Chip  Plastic Inlay TYPES  Passive: no battery, the electrical current induced in the antenna by the incoming radio frequency signal provides just enough power in the tag to power up and transmit a response  Active: internal power source, which is used to power the integrated circuits and broadcast the signal to the reader  Semipassive: similar to active tags in that they have their own power source, but the battery only powers the microchip and does not broadcast a signal. Forensic Expo 201428/04/2014 125/134 kHz 13,56 MHz 868/915 MHz >2,4 GHz international standard for RFID: Epc Gen2 Electronic Product Code Generation 2: From Wikipedia
  • 9. TAGS: Different Types Active RFID Tags. These tags are battery powered in order to transmit a signal to a reader, and are generally used for high-value goods that need to be tracked over long ranges. Passive RFID Tags. These tags are not battery powered, and instead draw power from electromagnetic waves given off by an RFID reader. The read range for passive tags is usually under three meters. HF Tags work at 13.56 MHz and are « passive » They have no built in power source 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Combine RFID tags with NFC capabilities in smartphones
  • 11. Communication in passive tags 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Reader transmits a wave signal The tag’s antenna receives the power This power is sufficient to read the data saved in the chip And transmit the data to the reader ID and Memory Reader to Tag, Tag to Reader
  • 12. Tag – reader - phone app - software - database NTAG 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 13. Components of a “System”  RFID Tags  RFID Reader  Application  Database 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 NTAG
  • 14. Multiple formats and styles 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 15. Xerafy XS Series Metal Tags which can be autoclaved 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 19. Tag has unique ID 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 20. 14 Digit Hexadecimal UID  Hex 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F  Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15  (0442edca0d2980)16 = (1.19948897139E+15)10 This Tag indentification is unique 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 22. Follow a tag anywhere 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Yorkshire Manchester Hamburg Consett Yorkshire
  • 23. High Frequency tags  Frequency: 13.56 MHz  Reading distance: 0 to 1 meter  Used in low cost mass markets  Laundry  Access control  Library  Logistics - warehousing  Sensitive to metal  Fast reading / writing rate  ISO Standards 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 25. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Rugged but expensive ~ £1500 Dedicated to reading tags
  • 26. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Low Cost Reader Attached to PC or Tablet
  • 27. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Reads tag, enters data into database Functions as a “keyboard device”
  • 28. RFID chips in Credit Cards 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 29. NFC Near Field Communication 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 31. NFC and your Smartphone 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 32. NTAG is a phone app 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 33. Phone user inputs information directly onto secure database 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 35. NTAG - RFID asset tracking 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 37. Warehouse full of samples 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 38. Sample warehousing, retrieval and tracking 18,000 vials on a pallet 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 39. Retrieve and locate - search by tag ID 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 40. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Evidence Kits: Storage & Retrieval
  • 41. Tap the RFID Tag 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 NTAG
  • 44. 0.036 mm in size 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 46. Core Platform is Based on the p-Chip • Silicon-based microtransponder • Light-activated electronic circuit • Integrated antenna • 64-bit architecture of current p-Chips, >1 billion IDs • Virtually impossible to copy as requires silicon foundry and proprietary coding p-Chips transmit a fixed and unique serial number via digital signal when activated by laser light from ID reader 100 microns* 500 microns Memory Photocell Digital Signal Out Antenna *Range: 10-100 microns
  • 47. • Class 3R laser (FDA registered) • Operates in a low power standby mode • Automatically detects p-Chip • Read distance is 0-10 mm • Nominal read time of 2 msec • Powered by the USB interface on a PC • Upgrades easily ID Reader for Decoding p-Chips Amp Signal Processor RF p-Chip Pickup Coil Lens Laser & Optic mounting Laser Diode Driver Power Conversion 47
  • 48. Problem • Different forms of barcode and printed labels present a difficulty in routine operations at times • Finding stored microscope slides in drawers presents a major issue Storage and location of histology slides
  • 49. Reading Slides in Storage Drawers Current storage methods Future storage methods
  • 50. Finding Slide in Storage Drawer
  • 51. Angle for front face Lid extensions Histology cassettes PharmaSeq approach
  • 52.
  • 53. NFC Tag with 14 digit Hexadecimal UID 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 54. Google knows you! (or at least your phone…..) 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 55. Track the user’s locations 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 57. Location of the phone user 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 60. HTA Compliance 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Samples Destroyed or Returned
  • 61. Locate and retrieve the consent document 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 62. Consent form relationship with the deceased immediately before they died. See Guidance note 6 for more information. The consent form is important as a record of consent given. The completion of the form is just one part of the consent process. Full explanation of the PM examination procedure along with discussion and time for reflection by those consenting, are equally important. Individuals and relatives should be able to discuss this process fully and ask any questions. Staff seeking consent for PM examination must be trained in how to obtain valid consent. Consent is only valid if proper communication has taken place. Consideration should be given to the needs of individuals and families whose first language is not English. The consent form covers consent for the PM examination itself as well as for the retention and use of organs and tissue following the PM examination. *If you modify this form, please remove the HTA logo. Format of the form Please note that there are three sections to this form. This form is produced as a Word file. You can edit the yellow shaded sections to make them appropriate for your Trust. Guidance notes, available at the end of this form, are also indicated by yellow shaded sections. They offer extra guidance and some suggest text that you might like to consider inserting, according to local practices. If you are having the form printed professionally, you may wish to consider producing it as a three-page booklet with duplicate copies. Consent for post-mortem examination of an adult Name of deceased: Date of birth: Date of death: Consultant / GP in charge of the patient: Hospital number for deceased: This form enables you to consent to a post-mortem examination of the body of the person named above. Please read it carefully with the person obtaining consent from you. For each section tick the relevant box to indicate your decisions and sign beneath each section. ! I confirm that I have had the opportunity to read and understand the [insert name of information leaflet]. ! I confirm that my questions about the post-mortem examination have been answered to my satisfaction and understanding. Signed by……………………………………..Name……………………………………………… Part 1: Post-mortem examination28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 63. Attach Consent form to tag as html document 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 64. Track the movement of a single tag 15/02/2013 08:23:59 18929b2b379040 7587631320 2 Station Road, Selby, North Yorkshire YO8, UK 53.782038 - 1.064631 Selby Platform 15/02/2013 08:38:47 18929b2b379040 7587631320 East Common Lane, Selby, North Yorkshire YO8, UK 53.776736 - 1.049074 15/02/2013 08:51:24 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Heck and Pollington Lane, Goole DN14, UK 53.680833 - 1.098372 Doncaster 5 Minutes north 15/02/2013 08:53:12 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Heck and Pollington Lane, Goole DN14, UK 53.680833 - 1.098372 Doncaster Station 15/02/2013 08:57:27 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Doncaster Centre, X2, Doncaster, South Yorkshire DN1, UK 53.522082 - 1.138374 Doncaster South 15/02/2013 09:25:50 18929b2b379040 7587631320 64, Newark, Nottinghamshire NG23, UK 53.136383 - 0.780355 Newark Northgate 15/02/2013 10:54:00 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Stagg Hill, EN6, UK 51.679504 - 0.171186 Emirates 15/02/2013 11:03:10 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Goods Way, London Borough of Camden, N1C, UK 51.534978 -0.12351 Kings Cross 15/02/2013 11:30:15 18929b2b379040 7587631320 187-199 Grays Inn Road, London, Greater London WC1X 8UL, UK 51.52606 - 0.117672 Grays Inn 15/02/2013 11:30:33 18929b2b379040 7587631320 187-199 Grays Inn Road, London, Greater London WC1X 8UL, UK 51.52606 - 0.117672 Grays Inn 139 Grays Inn28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 65. 26/02/2014 13:34:07 0436b6ca0e2081 7587631320 A43, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.084387 - 1.022776 26/02/2014 13:36:37 0436b6ca0e2081 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:39:59 0436b6ca0e2081 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:59:13 04734c614e2380 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.080414 - 0.997953 Jerry 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Sample is transferred to another “owner” BELINDA RECEIVES SAMPLE
  • 66. Chain of Custody Transfer 26/02/2014 13:29:13 04b225f24b2880 7587631320 Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.084387 - 1.022776 26/02/2014 13:34:02 044ad5f24b2880 7587631320 A43, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.084387 - 1.022776 26/02/2014 13:34:05 0426b6ca0e2081 7587631320 A43, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.084387 - 1.022776 26/02/2014 13:34:07 0436b6ca0e2081 7587631320 A43, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.084387 - 1.022776 26/02/2014 13:35:20 044ad5f24b2880 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 26/02/2014 13:35:35 044ad5f24b2880 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:36:33 044ad5f24b2880 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:36:37 0436b6ca0e2081 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:37:09 0436b6ca0e2081 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:39:59 0436b6ca0e2081 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.08039 - 0.997961 belinda 26/02/2014 13:59:13 04734c614e2380 7914765773 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire NN12, UK 52.080414 - 0.997953 Jerry 26/02/2014 3 Kennel Road, Towcester, Northamptonshire -28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 67. Electronic Chain of Custody 0330 1000 747 Atkinson Lewis have taken Hair, Blood , Oral and Urine samples for use in Childcare cases involving drug or alcohol misuse for over 20 years. One of the key issues in any legal case is ensuring that the Chain of Custody is maintained. Using a 3G enabled tablet PC, our collectors are sent the location and details of the sample collection . Tablets are GPS enabled and linked to Google Maps. This means collector can find the site, and we also know where they are! We are also able to use the camera to verify identity .
  • 68. 0330 1000 747 The USB RFID reader, eliminates the „finger trouble‟ of entering the unique serial number of the sample taken. Tamperproof security seals are then attached The Donor confirms the RFID number on the tag is the same one automatically read Using the touch screen, the donor „signs‟ the tablet and the sample envelopes. The Electronic CoC is then sent to both receiving lab and our office
  • 69. Track the movement of a single tag 15/02/2013 08:23:59 18929b2b379040 7587631320 2 Station Road, Selby, North Yorkshire YO8, UK 53.782038 - 1.064631 Selby Platform 15/02/2013 08:38:47 18929b2b379040 7587631320 East Common Lane, Selby, North Yorkshire YO8, UK 53.776736 - 1.049074 15/02/2013 08:51:24 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Heck and Pollington Lane, Goole DN14, UK 53.680833 - 1.098372 Doncaster 5 Minutes north 15/02/2013 08:53:12 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Heck and Pollington Lane, Goole DN14, UK 53.680833 - 1.098372 Doncaster Station 15/02/2013 08:57:27 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Doncaster Centre, X2, Doncaster, South Yorkshire DN1, UK 53.522082 - 1.138374 Doncaster South 15/02/2013 09:25:50 18929b2b379040 7587631320 64, Newark, Nottinghamshire NG23, UK 53.136383 - 0.780355 Newark Northgate 15/02/2013 10:54:00 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Stagg Hill, EN6, UK 51.679504 - 0.171186 Emirates 15/02/2013 11:03:10 18929b2b379040 7587631320 Goods Way, London Borough of Camden, N1C, UK 51.534978 -0.12351 Kings Cross 15/02/2013 11:30:15 18929b2b379040 7587631320 187-199 Grays Inn Road, London, Greater London WC1X 8UL, UK 51.52606 - 0.117672 Grays Inn 15/02/2013 11:30:33 18929b2b379040 7587631320 187-199 Grays Inn Road, London, Greater London WC1X 8UL, UK 51.52606 - 0.117672 Grays Inn 139 Grays Inn28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 70. Map the location of a tag 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 71. RFID used in Point of Care Test 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 72. All subject/test data updated unlike “static” Barcode 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 73. Instant update from phone read 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 75. Read and Locate RFID tags by phone 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 76. Asset Location via RFID and NFC 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 77.  What are the limitations of barcode?  Label size. Not suitable for extremely small items or tag dimensions.  Scan angle. Barcodes require line-of-sight scanning, without obstructions.  Tag orientation. Barcodes require line-of-sight scanning. You cannot read them through objects, paint, mud or dirt.  Harsh environments. Barcodes can be scratched, scuffed, or corroded.  Abrasion and direct impacts deface barcodes.  Bright sunlight and reflective surfaces.  Ice and Water droplets. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 78. TAGS: Different Types of chips The microchips contained within RFID tags can be identified as read-write or read-only. Read-Write RFID New information can be added to these chips, or existing information on these chips can be written over when the chip is within range of a reader. Laboratory test results and sample status can be frequently updated. Sample location included, chain of custody, evidence rooms etc. Read-Only RFID Generally less expensive than read-write tags, but still contain a UID. The Unique Identification is the most important feature of the tag. (Source: RFID-Handbook, BEAR, STEARNS & CO. INC.) 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 79. TAGS: Different Types (and Costs) Active RFID Tags. These tags are battery powered in order to transmit a signal to a reader, and are generally used for high-value goods that need to be tracked over long ranges. Passive RFID Tags. These tags are not battery powered, and instead draw power from electromagnetic waves given off by an RFID reader. The read range for passive tags is usually under three meters. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 81. Cadavar and Sample Storage 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 83. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Home Office Drug Licence Requirements - DrugCab NTAG
  • 84. 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014 Each Drug Standard has a RFID tag Chemist logs on, weights automatically updated
  • 85. Drug stock, movement, use etc 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 86. DrugCab using RFID for asset tracking 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 87. DrugCab Full Inventory Log 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 88. Stock control with a click 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 89. Track users and drug movements 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014
  • 90. The bottom line…….  Prior to the new system, 765 errors occurred out of 8,231 specimen bottles sent to the pathology laboratory for evaluation.  The error total plummeted, to 47 out of 8,539 bottles, after the RFID plan was instituted.  9.3% error rate fell to 0.5% 28/04/2014 Forensic Expo 2014

Notas del editor

  1. Agriyork are a long term supplier of forms, containers, labels and chain of custody materials in the forensic sector.
  2. Tags have a cost.The tags we use have 1.3k of memory, and cost about 25 pence.
  3. Tags have a cost.The tags we use have 1.3k of memory, and cost about 25 pence.
  4. The tags used are described as passive.They only receive their “energy” by converting the radio waves in an inductive coil. This energy is then used to power the tiny integrated circuit which is part of the RFID tag.
  5. Our tags are about the same size as a 1 pence coin.They have an adhesive backing, and the tag and adhesive both work at -25 degrees C.
  6. RFID is now being used in contactless payments.
  7. Nokia, ( and Samsung Galaxy ) phones are already using RFID tags in what is know as Near Field Communications (NFC)
  8. Here is one of the tags from PharmaSeq fixed to the back of an ant.The ant movements can then be recorded. This was a BBC news article in August 2012.
  9. The tiny black dots on the slides are tags. These tags are light activated rather than radio waves. So a tool like a laser pointer shines on the tag to energise it, and allow the tag ID to be read.
  10. Very small tags are fixed onto the histology slides.
  11. So, slide storage is easy, and tags can be quickly read and identified. Simply point the laser and read the tag to the database.
  12. We are in a bar code world. Agriyork and all of their customers use bar codes.However bar codes are static, in that their information and location can not be updated or changed.Bar Codes can be easily duplicated, and their low cost means that they are not rugged enough for all applications.It is very difficult to read bar code labels when they are in a freezer. Direct line of sight is required, and ice build up most often makes the bar code unreadable without the operator physically clearing the label.
  13. Turning to our use of RFID.Here is a picture of a sample vial with RFID in use.The RFID tag is crimped into the bottom of the vial, and is read from below by the reader.In this example, the vial is used to present a sample to a test instrument and the tag has all the current information from the samples.
  14. The Mayo Clinic implemented RFID to better track and identify biopsy samples for potential cancer treatment and diagnosis.With RFID the error rate to 1 in 200, from an alarming 9.3%.