Presentation given at the Conference of the European Biogas Association 2014.

1. Biomass
gasifica+on
overview
Conference
of
the
European
Biogas
Associa+on
2014
Ilkka
Hannula,
Esa
Kurkela
VTT
Technical
Research
Centre
of
Finland

2. 07/10/14
22

3. 3
Biomass
and
waste
gasifica+on
for
boilers
and
kilns
WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS
WITH MATERIAL RECOVERY
o HIGH ELECTRIC EFFICIENCY
o RECOVERY OF VALUABLE METALS
LAHTI II, 160 MW WASTE-TO-ENERGY
LIME-KILN
GASIFIERS
REPLACEMENT OF
FOSSIL FUELS
IN BOILERS AND KILNS
o WOOD, AGROBIOMASS
o 10-200 MW FUEL
BIOMASS/WASTE
GASIFIERS FOR POWER
1985 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
CBF/BFB
GASIFICATION R&D
AND PILOTING
R&D on
o HOT GAS FILTRATION
o WASTE AND STRAW
GASIFICATION
R&D NEEDS 2013 - 17
o FILTER ASH UTILISATION
o RECOVERY OF METALS
o IMPROVED GAS CLEANING
JOUTSENO LIME KILN 2012
LAHTI 60 MW

4. 07/10/14
44

5. Production of Synthesis Gas from Solid Fuels
Initial step - two main approaches
07/10/14
55

6. 6
Biomass
gasifica+on
for
fuels
and
chemicals
PEAT AMMONIA PLANT
OULU, FINLAND
1985 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
SYNGAS R&D FOR BIOFUELS
o GASIFICATION PROCESS DEVELOPMENT
o CATALYTIC REFROMING
o FINAL GAS CLEANING
o TESTING OF SYNTHESIS CATALYSTS
GASIFICATION
R&D AND PILOTING
USA, GERMANY,
SWEDEN, FINLAND
BIO-DME PLANT
PITEÅ, SWEDEN
GTI PILOT, USA
NSE BIOFUELS, FINLAND
BIO-FUELS AND
CHEMICALS
o DIESEL, MeOH, DME,
SNG, H2, GASOLINE
o OLEFINS, OTHER CHEMICALS
o FOREST & AGRO-INDUSTRY
INTEGRATION
o INTEGRATION TO HEAT
AND POWER
o INTEGRATION TO SOLAR &
WIND ENERGY
o NEW WASTE-TO-FUEL
CONCEPTS
SKIVE CHP, DENMARK
CEGABTL 2015 - 2017
o IMPROVED LARGE-SCALE
GASIFICATION PROCESS
o NEW PROCESSES FOR SMALLER SCALE
o SIMPLER, CHEAPER GAS CLEANING
o NEW CONCEPTS FOR INTEGRATED
PRODUCTION OF FUELS, POWER AND HEAT

7. Updated
Techno-­‐Economic
Assessment
• Detailed
evalua4on
of
20
individual
plant
configura4ons
• MeOH,
DME,
FTL
&
MTG
• Plant
configura4ons
technically
proven
at
pre-­‐commercial
scale
• Impact
of
further
R&D
to
the
overall
economics
es4mated
• Large
scale:
300
MWth
of
biomass
(~1500
mtpd,
dry)
• Nth
plant
economics
• Available
for
download:
hXp://bit.ly/192Vl3G

9. • Mature technology
• No investment support
• No CO2 credits
• No tax assumptions
Gasoline
@150$/bbl
Before
tax
Ref.margin:
13.4$/bbl
1€
=
1.33$
(2010)
Gasoline
@100$/bbl
Levelised
produc+on
cost
es+mates*
300
MW
biomass
@
17
€/MWh,
0.12
ann.
factor
Electricity
50
€/MWh,
DH
30
€/MWh@5500
h/a
*Liquid
transporta4on
fuels
via
large-­‐scale
fluidised-­‐bed
gasifica4on
of
lignocellulosic
biomass,
Hannula,
Ilkka;
&
Kurkela,
Esa
2013.
VTT,
Espoo.
114
p.
+
app.
3
p.
VTT
Technology:
91

10. DUAL-­‐BED
STEAM
GASIFIER
Features
-­‐ No
oxygen
needed
-­‐ Large
steam
consump4on
-­‐ Challenging
to
pressurise
-­‐ Reactor
size
limited
to
100MWth?
Biomass
Steam Air
~80
%
of
carbon
to
product
gas
and
tars
Fluegas

11. Source:
Göteborg
Energi

12. Fully
indirect
produc+on
route
(no
oxygen
needed)
07/10/14
1122

13. Levelised
produc+on
cost
es+mates
100
MW
biomass
@
18
€/MWh,
0.12
ann.
factor
Electricity
50
€/MWh,
DH
30
€/MWh@5500
h/a
Fully
indirect
produc+on
route
(no
oxygen
needed)
07/10/14
1133

14. Levelised
produc+on
cost
es+mates
100
MW
biomass
@
18
€/MWh,
0.12
ann.
factor
Electricity
50
€/MWh,
DH
30
€/MWh@5500
h/a
External
costs
not
included
-­‐
pressurisa4on
-­‐
distribu4on
-­‐
vehicle
related
costs
Fully
indirect
produc+on
route
(no
oxygen
needed)
07/10/14
1144

15. Take
home
messages
§ Successful
biomass
gasifica4on
plants
built
con4nuously
since
late
1970
§ Suitable
technology
depends
on
feedstock,
scale
and
applica4on
§ More
demanding
applica4ons
require
cleaner
gas
–>
increase
in
CAPEX
§ Large
CAPEX
calls
for
large
scale
and
high
on-­‐stream
factors
§ Waste
gasifica4on
brings
down
feedstock
costs
but
puts
addi4onal
requirements
for
technology
§ No
clear
answer
to
“what
fuel
to
produce”.
Solu4on
is
systemic.
§ Technology
for
synthe4c
biofuels
produc4on
technically
demonstrated
at
precommercial
scale
–>
near-­‐term
deployment
possible
07/10/14
1155

16. TECHNOLOGY FOR BUSINESS