2. natural refrigerants faster to market
commercial refrigeration with low GWP
alternatives
Christianna Papazahariou
JOINT MEETING OF THE REGIONAL OZONE NETWORKS
FOR EUROPE & CENTRAL ASIA AND SOUTH ASIA
ISTANBUL, TURKEY, 26-30 APRIL 2010

3. agenda
๏ about shecco
๏ CO2 commercial refrigeration case study
presentation

4. about shecco
๏ innovative _ B2B marketing & communications company
๏ focus _ climate friendly technologies
๏ values _ openness, innovation and sustainability
๏ expertise _ HVAC&R and transport sectors
๏ mission _ climate-friendly technologies faster to market

5. 80+ customers worldwide

6. shecco on-line platforms
๏ shecco manages 3
business-to-business web
platforms...
๏ ...and campaigns intended
to policy-media-general
public
๏ all promoting natural
refrigerants technology THENATURALVOICE

7. ATMOsphere 2010
๏ Brussels,
September 27-28
๏ before MOP22,
COP16
๏ registration opens
May
๏ ATMOsphere 2011,
Washington DC
๏ ATMOsphere 2012
Shanghai

8. ATMOsphere 2010
๏ interactive workshop concept where industry meets policy
๏ discussion in small groups containing a mix of all relevant
stakeholders
๏ distribution of outcomes from the workshops in summary
report presented at Chillventa 2010, COP16, 30th OEWG
๏ funded participation of representatives from developing
countries

9. agenda
๏ about shecco
๏ CO2 commercial refrigeration case
study presentation

10. case study: turkey
๏ Montreal Protocol: Turkey operates under Article 5 - is legally
required to phase out ODS by 2010
๏ good track record on ODS so far: Turkey received MP award as
one of the 9 most successful Article 5 countries in implementing
the treaty
๏ Kyoto Protocol : Turkey signed only recently (Feb 2009) -is not an
Annex B country (not obliged to reduce GHG emissions to 1990
levels between 2008- 2012)
๏ among all Annex I countries,Turkey has the highest rate of
increase in GHG since 1990 (82 %), is the 24th largest carbon
emitting country in the world

11. case study: bahçelievler carrefour
๏ retailer: Carrefour group - Carrefour Sabancı Ticaret Merkezi A.Ş.,
๏ store location: Istanbul, Turkey
๏ store opening: August 2009
๏ working hours: 10:00 am - 10:00 pm
๏ sales area: 7,778 m2

12. system type & layout
๏ CO2-R404 cascade system
๏ LT refrigeration: CO2
๏ MT refrigeration: R404a
๏ involved partners:
๏ commission/installation: Cözüm Soğutma
๏ CO2 system design: enEX
๏ CO2 compressors: Dorin (CETINEL)
๏ system management: CAREL

13. store layout & location of system
๏ CO2 in deep-freeze zones and one island refrigeration system

14. motivation for switch - overview
๏ technology: replacement potential to HCFCs
๏ market: availability, penetration rates, personnel
๏ environment: ODP, GWP, direct emissions, energy savings
๏ costs: system, installation, operation, maintenance, end-of-
life
๏ safety: reliability, use restrictions, safety regulations

15. technology drivers
๏ CO2 cascade systems one of the most consolidated solutions
๏ standardised system and component solutions developed
๏ no major technical challenges left ๏
system uses copper pipes resisting higher pressure
๏
due to higher volumetric refrigeration capacity than
R404a, CO2 needs significantly smaller pipe diameter
๏
CO2 compressor for cascade system has significantly
smaller dimensions and motor size than comparable
R404a DX model
๏ Carrefour: undertook a diagnosis of its refrigeration equipment and
leakage rates and decided for climate-friendly refrigeration systems in
new stores - as replacement for obsolete systems

16. market drivers
๏ CO2 cascade systems widely available in Europe: several
thousands in Denmark, Scandinavia, Switzerland, Austria,
Germany, UK - now starting in Canada, USA
๏ gained expertise from developed countries can be used by
developing countries and markets not familiar with the systems
๏ components availability and expertise constantly growing
๏ Carrefour: market penetration of CO2 commercial refrigeration
further accelerated with more widely available qualified
contractors. Relevant for countries outside the EU, and more
particularly in Asia and Latin America

17. environmental drivers
๏ CO2 cascade system eliminates presence of HCFCs and largely
reduces HFC use throughout the entire installation
๏ CO2 occurs naturally, ODP = 0, a GWP = 1
๏ direct emissions: reduced significantly
๏ indirect emissions / energy use: in cascade solutions in warm
climates a highly energy-efficient solution
๏ Carrefour: GHG emissions control is taking priority in the
construction of food retail stores worldwide. Carrefour needs to
retrofit up to 700 stores by 2015 with 500 tones of R22

18. environmental drivers (2)
๏ Carrefour: “HFC is not a sustainable technology solution in the
long term” and it will be used “only if there are no other
technically feasible, secure, low-cost and environmentally friendly
solutions” to HCFCs
๏ Carrefour supports “the technical developments with natural
fluids and hydrocarbons”
๏ Carrefour: where F-gases are still used - as in this case -
leakages must be reduced as much as possible with a stricter
containment policy

19. energy use drivers
๏ refrigeration systems take the largest
share of energy consumption in
Carrefour stores up to a floor size of
2500 m2
๏ baseline: 2004 for 25% less energy
consumption by 2020
๏ CO2 cascade system is up to 40%
more energy-efficient than
comparable system used before
(saving: 41,659.20 kW/year)
๏ result: several markets already
compliant

20. costs drivers
๏ standardisation of systems and components has reduced price for
system design, installation, maintenance
๏ serial production and wider adoption in more world markets will
bring down costs again
๏ higher prices of chemical refrigerants and expected cost from F-
gases legislation make systems still more cost-competitive
๏ Carrefour: decided to invest in CO2 cascade systems because
they have become more affordable & make sense for an investor.
10 stores in France, Belgium, Italy, and Turkey have already been
retrofitted to CO2 refrigeration - up to 700

21. costs data
๏ CO2 installation: similar costs as HFC-only system
๏ further cost reduction expected with more market demand &
economies of scale
๏ compressor: CO2 model 6 times less expensive than R404a
equivalent
๏ operation: savings of 4,700 USD/year from energy bill alone
(compared to system used before)
๏ maintenance: similar costs as HFC-only system; no maintenance
in 10 months needed

22. safety drivers
๏ all natural refrigerants have been proven to work safely and
reliably when following established safety guidelines
๏ challenge: non-harmonised safety regulation and standards as
regards the use of flammable and toxic substances
๏ cascade systems combining natural refrigerants only available:
CO2-ammonia, CO2-hydrocarbons

23. impact: safety & reliability
๏ Carrefour: decided for an R404 cascade system due to the
inconsistent use of safety standards regarding ammonia and
hydrocarbons as refrigerants
๏ commission & installation of CO2 refrigeration systems carried out
without major issues
๏ lack of technicians experienced with high-pressure CO2 system
still poses a barrier to wide-spread use
๏ cascade system has been running without any need for
maintenance/repair for 10 months with high reliability