Constructivism is a learning theory where students actively construct their own understanding and knowledge through experiences and reflecting on those experiences. There are two main types of constructivism: cognitive, which focuses on individual understanding, and social, which focuses on social interactions. Key theorists who contributed to constructivism include Piaget with his stages of development, Bruner who emphasized active learning, Vygotsky who discussed social learning, and Dewey who advocated for student-centered learning. In a constructivist classroom, students would work collaboratively to solve problems, reflect on their learning, and use inquiry-based methods to build upon their prior knowledge through hands-on experiences.

1. BY: Shermeka
, Sanricka, Stephanie, Chelsea
M., Ericka, & Kaylin

2. • Constructivism is a type of learning in which
the learner forms or constructs much of what
he or she learns or comprehends
• Also when a student actively participates in
their learning process by using critical
thinking skills to analyze a problem they will
create or construct their own understanding
of a topic or problem.

3. • Students learn best by doing.
• Learning is an active process.
• Knowledge is constructed, or learned, through hypothesis
of the environment or personal experience.
Types of Constructivism:
• Cognitive constructivism is about how the individual
learner understands things, in terms of developmental
stages and learning styles.
• Social constructivism emphasizes how meanings and
understandings grow out of social encounters.

4. Jean Piaget
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Piaget has four stages of development- Sensorimotor,
preoperational, concrete operational, and formal
operational. He believed children build adaptation
when learning. When they learn new things or
experience them he called it assimilation. The
process when children put the new information and
experiences into their lives and try to make sense of
their environment, he calls accommodation.

5. Google Images
Jerome Burner
Bruner came up with the theory that learning is an active
process. He believes that learners are participatory
learners which means they actively engaged in the learning
process. His theory provides a framework for instruction
based on cognition. Discovery Learning is a method of
inquiry-based instruction, discovery learning believes that it
is best for learners to discover facts and relationships for
themselves.

6. Google Images
Lev Vygotsky
Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory is one of the
foundations to Constructivism. His Social Development
Theory argues that social interaction precedes
development. Consciousness and cognition are the end
product of socialization and social behavior.

7. John Dewey Google Images
Dewey was an educational psychologist, philosopher, and
political activist who was an advocate for child centered
instruction.
He believed that learning should engage and expand the
experiences of other learners and encourage educators to reflect
on their strategies and create activities that combine concrete
and practical relevance to students; live.
Dewey was apart of the progressive education movement which
focused one educated the whole child, physically, mentally, and
socially and nto just on the dispensation of facts of information.
Dewey was also apart of the pragmatism movement and they
believed that the truth of a theory could be determined only if a
theory works.

8. • Constructed: Students come to learning situations
with already formulated knowledge, ideas, and
understandings. Students will integrate new
experiences and interpretations to construct their
own personal meaning with this previous knowledge.
• Active: The student is the person who creates new
understanding for her/himself. The teacher guides
knowledge, but allows the students to experiment,
manipulate objects, ask questions and try things that
don't work. Students also help set their own goals
and means of assessment.
• Reflective: Teachers should create opportunities for
students to question and reflect on their own
learning processes, either privately or in group
discussions. The teacher should also create
activities that lead the student to reflect on his or her
prior knowledge and experiences.

9. • Collaborative: The constructivist classroom relies heavily
on collaboration among students because students learn
about learning not only from themselves, but also from
their peers. When students together review and reflect on
their learning processes, they can pick up strategies and
methods from one another.
• Inquiry- or Problem-Based: The main activity in a
constructivist classroom is solving problems. Students
use inquiry methods to ask questions, investigate a topic,
and use a variety of resources to find solutions and
answers.
• Evolving: Students have knowledge that they may later
see as incorrect, or insufficient to explain new
experiences. As students explore a topic or problem, they
draw conclusions, and, as exploration continues, they
revisit those conclusions and modify them to support new
knowledge or experiences.

10. • Require students to form constructs that is require them to
form their own meaning or interpretation of the material
being studied.
• The teacher facilitates a process of learning in which
students are encouraged to be responsible and autonomous.
Teachers model, scaffold, and coach their students to
engage the students’ interest. Without technology teachers
would allow students to construct, create, and inquire about
the lesson. In that way they are able to actively learn new
information. The teachers would encourage them to discover
new information by having class discussions, where
students not only learn from the teacher, but also from
themselves and their peers. With technology, many doors
are opened. Teachers will be able to allow their students to
use the internet or educational software to learn on their
own.
1. Have students work in groups instead of alone
2. Create intriguing lesson plans that motivate students to
learn
3. Develop questions that guide students to coming up with
their own conclusions

11. • Allow the learner and the teacher to detect
misconceptions, errors and omissions in learning and
correct these.
• Without technology, students would be able to participate
in experimentations, research projects, field trips, films,
and class discussions to learn. In the constructivist
classroom, students work primarily in groups and
learning and knowledge are interactive and dynamic.
These techniques are much more traditional but they
serve the academic purposes well. Students must build
on the knowledge they already have. The students are
able to explore the curriculum on their own. Technology
now aides the traditional methods of learning. Again,
students would be able to do research projects but are
now able to use internet sources to find what they are
looking for.
1. Apply their current understandings to gain new
knowledge
2. Work collaboratively with others

12. • Students should do research projects to reconstruct what
they learn and put in into word. Also going on topic
related field trips will allow the students to analyze what
they learned in class in a real world scenario.
• Constructivism would be and beneficial tool in the
classroom because it provides students with the hands
on experience that would help them better understand
the lesson .
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