4. Master Planning in India
In India, Master Plans or Development Plans prepared under
their respective State Town and Country Planning Acts are
currently the main statutory tool used to allocate densities and
land use and to develop, improve and regulate the planning
area in its entirety or in parts.
Development Control Regulations as part of Master Plans/
Development Plans are to address parameters such as floor
area ratios (FAR), building heights, parking norms, coverage and
setbacks.
7. Gaps in current master planning frameworks
Depending on the Town and Country Planning Act, master
plans undergo comprehensive review/ envisioning only once
in 20 years or once in 10 years.
Aggregation based analysis and proposals at macro scales
tend to broad brush out local specificities.
Master plans have pre-determined boundaries. Boundaries
are often the most dynamic areas.
Disconnect continues between various scales of plans such
as regional level, city level, zonal level and local area level
8. Interpreting the city’s needs
Gaps at the city level could be addressed at the Master Plan TOR formulation
stage itself through collaborative brainstorming workshops
Case: Hubli Dharwad
9. Steps to reconnect at the city scale
Enabling frameworks rather than content based frameworks
Impact of investment led development to be spatially
addressed rather than just plan led development
Range of solutions to be sought through scenario building to
arrive at a well debated final plan
Reinforcing the 3 tier planning process and investment plans
10. Interpreting the city’s master plan at the
sector or zonal scales
BRT
BRT
Assessing current design
interpretations for transit
integration, density, mixed
use, block size, walkability,
community spaces etc.
14. Articulation of sector design
Land Use Area (sqm) Percentage
Total Plot 603480
Net 546297 100.00
Developed
Area
Residential 253338 47.00
Roads 163371 30.00
Open Space 78985 14.00
Amenities 49429 9.00
People 11,000 people
accommodated
Walkable pedestrian urban
environment designed based on
existing land use and regulations
and accommodating similar
number of people as other
sectors
Case: Naya Raipur
18. Testing and challenging standards/ ideas
Large gap in the divider No street markings Unsafe crossing, no
to guide vehicles pedestrian refuge area
and pedestrians
19. Managing change on the ground at the
people scale
Create pedestrian refuge Reduce gap in the Create table top Safe crossings
areas divider intersection
20. Summing Up…
Mainstreaming and iterating our policies, plans, systems and designs to
reconnect people to cities
Iterative process
Connecting people at policy scales
Connecting people at city scales
Connecting people at sector and neighbourhood scales
Connecting people at street and building scales
People centric development
In the context of connecting people, presenting tested approaches towards “Interpreting current master planning frameworks to achieve pedestrian oriented urban environments”
Current master planning frameworks allocate densities, land use and develop the planning area but often gives little or no indication of context, character of the area or several other qualitative aspects.
Traditional urban development indicates a strong connection of people to their settlements which is not the case for newer developments that are master planned ; Triggers have changed over time so its not a matter of replication of the old but understanding the gaps in current frameworks.
Understanding gaps in master planning frameworks that have led to ‘Automobile oriented, polluted, un-engaging urban form alongside unregulated urban sprawl’
Gaps an ongoing debate: The pace of growth of Indian cities renders these plans obsolete very soon; unique local specificities are generalized out and fringe developments remain unaddressed.
Collaboration amongst key stakeholders and eminent urban practitioners at the input stage ensures a good through put and hence output for the master planning process.
Not a check list that can be held in a court of law but undertaking appropriate and necessary modifications and actions, strategic projects; keep check on dramatic change inducers like SEZs;
Existing master plans as enabling frameworks often do not restrict the articulation of best practices, optimum translation on the ground level is however not achieved
People on ground and planning and implementing authorities know best how to realise appropriate visions and the means and even loopholes towards the same
Surprising outputs…
Further technically articulating all inputs received …
From the learnings of this hands on approach and demonstration projects within the current master planning frameworks, an informed input may be made to amend and enact various policies, acts and regulations to mainstream people centric urban environments.