1. Circular Economy Covenant 2022
Philip Harfield
‘We make ecodesign happen through
developing and delivering collaborative
multi-sectoral ecodesign projects’.
Philip Harfield 2013

2. Cycling resources embedded in systems
containing Light Emitting Diodes
recovery
Collaboration across the lifecycle
Demonstrate eco-innovation through decoupling critical
material consumption from the economic potential of LED
technologies.
Philip Harfield 2013

3. why LEDs: necessary complexity!
• 7 materials
• Manufacturing energy 42MJ
(per 20M lumen-hours)
• Use energy 60W
Philip Harfield 2013
• 30+ materials (17 in LED chip)
• Manufacturing energy 343 MJ
(per 20M lumen-hours)
• Use energy 12.5W
(Source: DOE 2012, DEFRA 2009)

4. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Why LEDs: critical materials!
Sapphire,
Gallium,
Aluminium,
Gold,
Silver,
Tin,
Indium,
Chromium,
Platinum,
Cerium,
Europium,
Terbium,
Yttrium,
Silicone Carbide,
Silicon
Philip Harfield 2013
image: www.treehugger.com

5. material
inputs
manufacture
recovery
preprocessing
cycLED
assembly
& market
use
collection
reuse
Philip Harfield 2013
TECHNICAL ISSUES

6. material
inputs
manufacture
recovery
external
external
preprocessing
organisation
eco-i
assembly
& market
use
collection
reuse
Philip Harfield 2013
NON-TECHNICAL ISSUES

7. material
inputs
manufacture
recovery
preprocessing
eco-i
use
collection
reuse
Philip Harfield 2013
assembly
& market

8. eco-i
AT A COMPANYPhilip Harfield 2013
LEVEL

9. where are the
eco-i
pportunities ?
Philip Harfield 2013

10. eco-i
wh
benefits?
Philip Harfield 2013

11. eco-i
h
w
do we do this?
Philip Harfield 2013

12. WHAT ECO-I / CIRCULARITY MEANS WITHIN SUPPLY CHAIN?
WHAT ARE THE STAKEHOLDER MOTIVATIONS ALONG VALUE CHAIN?
WHERE ARE THE WEAK OR MISSING ‘LINKS’?
supply
make
production
sell
Philip Harfield 2013
EoL
eco-i
consumption
use
reuse

13. reprocess
process
extract
supply
preprocess
deliver
EoL
re-sell
refurb
finish
assemble
eco-i
production
make
reuse
consumption
re-sell
form
deliver
sell
pack
market
Philip Harfield 2013
return
use
repair
buy
rebrand

14. http://www.etaplighting.com/
Demonstration eco-innovation
Commercial (harsh environments):
Extended life focus
www.braun-lighting.com
http://riva.sc/
http://www.ona.es/
Domestic:
Philip Harfield 2013
End of Life focus (recovery)
Street-lighting:
Servicability focus
Industrial:
Product Service System

15. eco-innovation challenges:
•
•
•
•
Lifecycle on design brief: substitution vs. recycling
Recovering value: reuse vs. shredding vs. disassembly
Technology foresight : hydro vs. pyro-metallurgy
Open innovation: competitive environment prevents
collaboration between organisations
• Ambition & motivation: incremental technical innovation
vs. radical business model innovation.
• Business case: market demand for eco-innovation
Rebound: application ‘innovation’ may offset any
efficiency gains?
Philip Harfield 2013

16. possible solutions
• Define collaborative landscape – what it looks like:
– pooled knowledge & solutions?
– shared costs & value?
– innovation platforms (within competitive arena)?
• Develop valorisation models for repair and remanufacturing of
existing materials1
• Develop evaluation criteria for successful eco-innovative
products (success = product + systems value)
• Development of technical design rules for critical resource
efficient products & non-technical system rules for value chain!
Philip Harfield 2013
(1. Wales And The Circular Economy, 2013)

17. Philip Harfield
Ecodesign Centre
Senior Project Officer
phil@edcw.org
www.edcw.org/en/project/cycled
Philip Harfield 2013