Rfid security access control system

RFID Security Access
Control System

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Introduction
 Automatic identification and access control system has
become necessary to overcome the security threats faced by
many organizations. By installing the system at the entrance
will only allow the authorized persons to enter the
organization. The system can also be installed at various points
inside the organization to track the person’s movement and to
restrict their access to sensitive areas in the organization.
RFID Security Access Control
System

Block Diagram
System

Hardware Components
• 8051 series Microcontroller
• RFID reader
• RFID tags
• Relay
• Relay driver IC
• Transformer
• Diodes
• Voltage Regulator
• Resistors
• Capacitor
• LED
• Lamp
System

Circuit Diagram
System

Microcontroller
 Microcontroller (MC) may be called computer
on chip since it has basic features of
microprocessor with internal ROM, RAM,
Parallel and serial ports within single chip.
 This is widely used in washing machines, vcd
player, microwave oven, robotics or in
industries.
 Microcontroller can be classified on the basis of
their bits processed like 8bit MC, 16bit MC.
System

RFID Readers and Tags
 RFID systems can be classified by the type of tag and reader.
 A Passive Reader Active Tag (PRAT) system has a passive reader which
only receives radio signals from active tags.
 An Active Reader Passive Tag (ARPT) system has an active reader,
which transmits interrogator signals and also receives authentication
replies from passive tags.
 An Active Reader Active Tag (ARAT) system uses active tags awoken
with an interrogator signal from the active reader.
System

Relay
 Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a
separate low-power signal.
 Solid-state relays control power circuits with no moving parts,
instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching.
 Magnetic latching relays require one pulse of coil power to move
their contacts in one direction, and another, redirected pulse to
move them back.
System

Transformer
s The principle parts of a transformer and their functions are:
System
• The core, which makes a path for the magnetic flux.
• The primary coil, which receives energy from the ac source.
• The secondary coil, which receives energy from the primary winding
and delivers it to the load.

Diodes
 The 1N4148 is a standard small signal silicon diode
used in signal processing.
 The 1N4148 is generally available in a DO-35 glass
package and is very useful at high
 Frequencies with a reverse recovery time of no more
than 4ns.
 This permits rectification and detection of radio
frequency signals very effectively, as long as their
amplitude is above the forward conduction threshold
of silicon (around 0.7V) or the diode is biased.
System

Voltage Regulators
 A voltage regulator is an electronic circuit
which maintains the output voltage
(almost) constant in spite of changes
within some specified limits in the load
current, input voltage, temperature, etc.
 An IC based voltage regulator can be
classified in different ways. A common
type of classification is 3 terminal voltage
regulator and 5 or multi terminal voltage
regulator.
System

Resistor
s Resistors are components used to resist the flow of electric current and
have a stated value of RESISTANCE.
 Resistors can be either fixed or variable in value
 Fixed resistors come in a variety of different shapes, sizes and forms
 Axial lead resistors have the value of resistance printed on them or as a
colour code
System

System
Capacitor
 A basic capacitor has two parallel plates separated by an insulating
material
 A capacitor stores an electrical charge between the two plates.

System
LED
Applications of LED :
Devices, medical applications, clothing, toys
• Remote Controls (TVs, VCRs)
• Lighting
• Indicators and signs
• Optoisolators and Optocouplers.

System
RFID Technology
 RFID system consists of three components namely transponder (tag),
interrogator (reader) and computer containing the database.
 The system offers diverse frequency band ranging from low
frequencies to microwave frequencies.
• Low Frequency: 125-134 KHz
• High Frequency: 13.56 MHz
• Ultra High Frequency: 902-928 MHz
• Microwave Frequency: 2.4 GHz

System
Working Principle
 The aim of this project is to design an RFID based security access
control system using 8051 microcontroller, in which only authorised
personnel are allowed access to a secure area.
 When the circuit is powered ON, the microcontroller will initially
display a message as “Swipe the Card” on the LCD display.
 When the RFID Card or Tag is swiped against the RFID reader, it will
detect the ID card and sends the unique card no. to the
microcontroller via serial terminal.

System
Working Principle
 With the help of suitable programming, we need to compare the received card
number with the numbers that are already stored in the microcontroller.
 If the received number is matched with the already stored number, then the
microcontroller will display the name of the card holder or the identification
number on the LCD and activates the motor driver IC.
 As a result, the door is opened for a predefined duration after which the door is
automatically closed.
 If there is no match for the received numbers with the stored numbers, then the
microcontroller will not open the door and displays a message as “Access
Denied” on the LCD display.

System
Operation Of RFID
 The security and access control system is comprised of two phases:
• Registration phase
• Recognition phase
 In the registration phase, Some images of the user are captured
while issuing an RFID tag.
 The recognition phase comes when the user wants to enter the
hostel.

System
Operation of
RFID The entrance and exit modules use RFID recognition for identification.
 While mess module use RFID with a password to grant permission.
 These modules communicate with computer system through a main
controller.
 The data exchange between the main controller and computer system
is through serial port.
 While parallel port data and control lines are used for handshaking
purposes.

System
Operation Of RFID
 After detecting and receiving RFID tag data through a serial interrupt
routine, microcontroller searches the NV-RAM for this number.
 If no match is found, the microcontroller makes an emergency call to
the security van through GSM modem.
 At the same time, it turns on the alarm signal.
 On the other hand, if a match is found, the microcontroller checks the
entrance status of the user by scanning NV-RAM.

System
Security Access
 Rfid cards have been advertised as suitable for personal
identification tasks, because they are engineered to be tamper
resistant.
 The chip usually implements some cryptographic algorithm.
 There are several methods for recovering some of the algorithm's
internal state.
 Differential power analysis involves measuring the precise time
and electrical current required for certain encryption or decryption
operations.

System
 This can deduce the on-chip private key used by public key algorithms
such as RSA.
 Some implementations of symmetric ciphers can be vulnerable to
timing or power attacks as well.
 Rfid cards can be physically disassembled by using acid, abrasives, or
some other technique to obtain unrestricted access to the on-board
microprocessor.
 Although such techniques obviously involve a fairly high risk of
permanent damage to the chip, they permit much more detailed
information to be extracted.
Security Access

System
Functions
• Entrance Monitoring Controller
• Exit Monitoring Controller
• Mess Monitoring Controller
• Computer System and Web Server

System
Benefits
 Enhances safety and security.
 Portability.
 Reliability.
 Reconfigurable and reusable.

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Limitations
 Even though RFID Technology is secure, the security can be increased
by integrating other security measures like facial detection, finger
print scanner etc.
 As the card details are stored in the microcontroller, only a limited
number of card details can be stored.
 This can be increased by implementing a memory unit like EEPROM.

System
Applications
 RFID based Security Access System is designed in this project. As the system
uses RFID Technology based identification, it can be used to access secured
areas like research centres, defence sites etc.
 It is a low power system and also the RFID Cards or Tags used are of passive
type.

System
Conclusion
 Design of a RFID security and access control system for use in
radio frequency identification with biometrics technology to
differentiate between valid and invalid users. The system
accomplishes the security and access control task by
processing information from sub-controllers.

Rfid security access control system

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