2. • Side determination
• The upper end is much larger than the lower end.
• The medial malleolus is on medial side.
• S shaped sharp border lies anteriorly.
3. Tibia
• Leg is the part of lower limb between knee and ankle. The
osseous framework of leg is composed of two bones –
tibia and fibula.
• The tibia is a medial and larger of the two bones.
• The bone is similar to radius bone of the upper limb.
7. Medial condyle
• Medial condyle is larger than the lateral condyle.
• Its articular surface articulates with the medial condyle of the femur.
• The articular surface is oval and its long axis is anteroposterior.
• The central part of the articular surface is slightly concave and comes in
contact with the femoral condyle. The flatter peripheral part separated from
the femoral condyle by the medial meniscus.
• The lateral margin of the articular surface is raised to cover the medial
intercondylar tubercle.
8. Medial condyle
• On the posterior surface, the medial condyle has a
groove. Many vascular foramina mark anterior
and medial surfaces.
9. Lateral Condyle
• The lateral condyle overhangs more than
the medial condyle and the articular surface is nearly
circular.
• It articulates with lateral condyle of femur and in
peripheral part is covered by lateral meniscus [similar
to medial condyle].
• he central part is is slightly concave just
like medial condyle and comes in contact with femoral
condyle.
10. • The articular surface has a raised medial margin which
covers the lateral intercondylar tubercle.
• The posteroinferior aspect of the lateral condyle bears a
flat, circular fibular facet and is directed downwards,
backwards and laterally.
• This facet articulates with the fibula.. A groove marks the
posterior surface of the condyle superomedial to fibular
facet.
• The anterior aspect of the condyle bears a flattened
impression.
11. Intercondylar area
• Intercondylar area is the roughened area on
the superior surface, between the articular surfaces of the
two condyles.
• The area is narrowest in its middle part. This part is
elevated to from the intercondylar eminence which is
flanked by the medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles.
12. Tibial Tuberosity
• Tibial tuberosity is a prominence located on the anterior
aspect of the upper end of the tibia and forms the anterior
limit of the intercondylar area.
• Lower down, tibial tuberosity is continuous with the
anterior border of the shaft.
• It has an upper smooth area and a lower rough area.
• The epiphyseal line for the upper end of the tibia passes
through the junction of these two parts.
13. Shaft of Tibia
• Tibial shaft is prismoid in shape and has three borders
(anterior, medial and interosseus), and three surfaces
(lateral, medial and posterior).
14. Borders of the shaft
• The anterior border is sharp and S-shaped [ convex
medially in the upper part and convex laterally in the lower
part.] that extends from the tibial tuberosity to the anterior
border of the medial malleolus. Anterior border is
subcutaneous and forms the shin.
15. Borders of the shaft
• The medial border: It extends from
the medial condyle, above, to the posterior border
of the medial malleolus and is rounded.
• The lateral border is also called interosseous
border and extends from the lateralcondyle [ a
little below and in front of the fibular facet] to the
anterior border of the fibular notch.
16. Surfaces
• The lateral surface lies between the anterior and
interosseus borders. In its upper three fourths it is
concave and is directed laterally; and in its lower one
fourth it is directed forwards.
• The medial surface lies between the anterior and
interosseus borders. It is subcutaneous in mostly [ upper
three fourths]
17. Surfaces
• Between the medial and interosseus borders is the posterior
surface of tibia. It is widest in its upper part. A rough ridge called
the soleal line crosses it here extending from the fibular facet,
running downwards and medially, and terminating by joining
the medial border at the junction of its upper and middle thirds.
• Above the soleal line the posterior surface is in the form of a
triangular area whereas the area below the soleal line is
elongated and divided into medial and lateral parts by a vertical
ridge which harbors a downward directed nutrient foramen.
18. Lower End
• The lower end of the tibia is also expanded but lesser
than upper end. It has a downward projection on
the medial side called medial malleolus.
• It has five surfaces –
• The anterior surface of the lower end has an upper
smooth part, and a lower rough and grooved part.
19.
20.
21. • The medial surface is subcutaneous and is continuous
with the medial surface of the medial malleolus.
The medial malleolus is a short but strong process which
projects downwards from the medial surface of the lower
end of the tibia. It forms a subcutaneous prominence on
the medial side of the ankle and serves as important
anatomical landmark.
22. • The lateral aspect of the lower end presents a triangular fibular notch to
which the lower end of the fibula is attached. The upper part of the notch is
rough. The lower part is smooth and may be covered with hyaline cartilage.
• The inferior surface of the lower end is articular. It articulates with the
superior trochlear surface of the talus and thus takes part in forming the
ankle joint. Medially the articular surface extends on to the medial malleolus.
• The posterior surface is traversed by a shallow groove directed obliquely
downward and medialward, serving for the passage of the tendon of the
flexor hallucis longus.
24. • Upper End Tibia
• Medial condyle
• The upper border – capsular ligament of the knee
joint and deeper fibres of the tibial collateral
ligament
• Groove on the posterior surface –
Semimembranous
• Anterior surface – the medial patellar retinaculum
25. Lateral Condyle
• The iliotibial tract –on the anterior surface.
• The capsular ligament of the superior tibiofibular ligament –
margins of the fibular facet.
• The origins of fibers of the extensor digitorum longus and of the
peroneus longus (near the fibular facet.)
• The groove on the posterior surface of the lateral condyle is
occupied by the tendon of the popliteus (with an intervening
bursa)
26. Intercondylar Area
• From before backwards:
• The anterior horn of the medial meniscus, just in front of the medial articular surface.
• The anterior cruciate ligament on a smooth area just behind the previous attachment.
• The anterior horn of the lateral meniscus, to the front of the intercondylar eminence, and
lateral to the anterior cruciate ligament.
• The posterior horn of the lateral meniscus, to the posterior slope of the intercondylar
eminence.
• The posterior horn of the medial meniscus, to the depression behind the base of the medial
intercondylar tubercle.
• The posterior cruciate ligament, to the posteriormost smooth area.
27. Tibial Tuberosity
• The ligmentum patellae or patellar ligament-
upper smooth part of the tibial tuberosity.
• Infrapatellar bursa separates the lower rough
area of the tuberosity from the skin.
28.
29. Shaft
• Upper two thirds (or less) of the lateral surface – tibialis anterior origin
• Insertions of the Sartorius, the gracilis and the semitendinosus (from before backwards)
• Posterior to this along the medial border – tibial collateral ligament.
• Soleal line –The soleus muscle
• Fascia covering the soleus
• Fascia covering the popliteus
• Transverse fascial septum.
• The popliteus is inserted on the posterior surface, into the triangular area above the soleal
line.
• The medial area (of the posterior surface) below the soleal line gives origin to the flexor
digitorum profundus; while the lateral area gives origin to the tibialis posterior.
30. Shaft
• The anterior border of the tibia:
• Deep fascia of the leg
• Superior extensor retinaculum
• The interosseus border- interosseus membrane.
• Fibular notch gives – interosseus tibiofibular ligament.
• Margins of the articular surface – The capsular ligament
of the ankle joint
• Lower border of the medial malleolus – deltoid ligament of
ankle
