1. Technological Institute of Saltillo.
Distance education unit
Industrial Engineer
Subject: Sustainable Development
Unit 4: Modified scenarios
Activity: Cleaner Production
María Elena Aldais Martínez
Juan Carlos Loyola Licea
Thursday, March 21, 2019
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3. INTRODUCTION
The cleanest production, a set of methods and techniques of
practical applicability to any system and production process of
goods or services, is, in large terms, an approach of operational
and administrative initiatives that are applied to improve the
overall productivity of the business activity, working with the
generation of the lowest possible environmental impact.
Cleaner production, a proposal that falls within the scope of
strategic and environmental business management, has
recently established conceptual and operational links, narrow
and clearly defined, with other areas of applied knowledge,
such as productive eco-efficiency, industrial ecology and
sustainable production.
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5. CONCEPT
"Cleaner Production is an integrated preventive environmental
strategy that is applied to processes, products and services in
order to increase efficiency and reduce risks for human beings
and the environment"
The Cleanest Production allows:
• The saving of raw materials, water and energy.
• The elimination, reduction and / or substitution of dangerous
materials.
• The reduction of quantity and dangerousness of waste and
polluting emissions
• The reduction of impacts during the life cycle of a product, from
the obtaining of raw materials to the final waste.
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6. The incorporation of environmental criteria in the design and
distribution of services.
Cleaner Production is a strategic business policy tool that
integrates the environment into the overall management of the
company and allows it to maintain or improve competitiveness
within a framework of environmental sustainability. Its
application requires a responsible environmental management,
a change of attitudes and the evaluation and application of
knowledge and technological options.
In addition, Cleaner Production is an environmental
management option that has proven to be the stage prior to the
correct treatment or disposal alternatives with which it is not
incompatible.
This concept of integrated environmental prevention strategy
receives a series of denominations of very similar meaning:
minimization, reduction at origin, prevention at source of
contamination, cleaner production, eco-efficiency, etc.
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8. Advantages of Cleaner Production:
• Decrease in the environmental risk for health and work accidents.
• Economic savings of raw materials, water and energy.
• Savings in the management and treatment of waste streams.
• Improvement of the public image of the company.
• Increase in product quality.
• Reduction of products out of specifications.
• Rationalization of the work structure.
• Overcoming routine habitats and rethinking processes and
procedures.
• Optimization of processes and resources.
• It facilitates the fulfillment of the environmental requirements of
the company and allows its sustainable development.
Unlike end-of-line treatment systems, the prevention at source of
contamination can be applied in the different stages of the
production process of most industrial processes.
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9. METHODOLOGY
1. Planning and organization: Involving and obtaining the
commitment of the Management The commitment of the
Management is the driving force for the development of a Cleaner
Production project, since it implies having material, human and
financial resources to achieve the objectives.
2. Cleaner Production Audit: Collect information about processes
This step aims to familiarize the audit team with the activities of
the company.
3. Feasibility Study: Preliminary evaluation In order to determine the
feasibility, technical, economic and environmental.
4. Implementation and monitoring of Cleaner Production options:
Obtaining funds In most cases, the Cleaner Production measures
require a minimum investment that can be assumed without
problems by the company.
5. Maintenance Stages for the implementation of a Cleaner
Production Program: Maintain Cleaner Production activities The
philosophy of Cleaner Production is considered as a continuous
improvement program, which will have as its main objective the
constant reduction of emissions, waste, consumption of raw
materials and energy of the company.
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11. APPLICATION
Cleaner Production can be applied to any process, product or
service, and ranges from simple changes in the operational
procedures of easy and immediate execution, to major changes,
which imply the substitution of raw materials, inputs or
production lines for more efficient ones. .
In terms of processes, Cleaner Production includes the
conservation of raw materials, water and energy, the reduction
of toxic raw materials (toxicity and quantity), emissions and
waste, which go to the water, to the atmosphere and the
environment.
As for the products, the strategy aims to reduce all impacts
during the life cycle of the product from the extraction of raw
materials to the final waste; promoting friendly designs
according to the needs of future markets.
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12. Cleaner Production requires changing attitudes, developing
responsible environmental management, creating appropriate national
policies and evaluating technological options.
Application in processes
The administration of the production processes has as objective the
application of techniques of saving of inputs (such as energy, water and
raw material). Optimization can also be done through simple techniques
called Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), or simple and low-cost
actions that can be implemented throughout the production cycle. Its
importance lies in the fact that they are preventive measures that seek
to attack the causes of problems through simple and economic
measures, without resorting to technological mechanisms that can not
be financed, mostly by small or medium-sized enterprises. Good
manufacturing practices conform very well to the principles of PML, as
they seek the efficient use of resources.
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13. Application at the product level
At this level, PML seeks to identify, develop and implement
competitive improvements in products, taking into account
environmental priorities not only in the manufacturing phase of the
product, but throughout its entire life cycle.
Application at the service level
The implementation of PML alternatives can also occur in
disservice companies, although the difference is that these
companies do not have a tangible product that is manufactured
and marketed in the market, however they can obtain
improvements by establishing analogies that resemble their
products. services to products, especially when the use of inputs
and raw materials is important for its operation.
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14. Barriers to the application of PML
There are different factors that influence the competitiveness of
companies, which
they can become "barriers" for the application of the PML if they
are not well managed,
or they are not recognized, or in variables that do not allow the
satisfaction of all the needs of the stakeholders. The possible
barriers can be related to:
a) Concepts and attitudes
b) Market, directly related to the customers of the company.
The Cleanest Production techniques are:
• Process improvements
• Good Operating Practices
• Equipment maintenance
• Reuse and recycling
• Changes in raw material
• Technology changes
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15. BENEFITS
With Cleaner Production, companies will achieve:
• Position competitively in the national and
international market in the face of free trade
agreements.
• Respond to international trends that emerge in
terms of environmental norms and standards.
• Influence the environmental performance of
national companies.
• Contribute to compliance with current
environmental legislation.
• Generate consumption and demand for products
made with a Cleaner Production approach.
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16. BEGINNING
The precautionary principle:
Precaution is not simply a matter of avoiding legally
damaging situations, but also ensuring that workers are
protected against irreversible health problems and that the
plant is protected from irreversible damage. The
precautionary principle indicates the reduction of
anthropogenic agents in the environment, and this
essentially implies a substantial mandatory redesign of the
industrial system of production and consumption, which until
now depends on a strong processing of materials.
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17. The principle of prevention:
Prevention is equally important, especially in those
cases where the damage that a product or process can
cause is known. The preventive principle indicates the
advanced search for changes in the chain of production
and consumption. The preventive nature of Cleaner
Production requires that the new solution reconsider
product design, consumer demand, material
consumption patterns, and certainly the complete
material basis of its economic activity.
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18. The principle of integration:
Integration implies the adoption of a holistic view of
the production cycle, and a method to introduce
such an idea is the life cycle analysis. One of the
difficulties with the preventive solution is the
integration of environmental protection measures
across systemic borders. The traditional end-of-pipe
regulation is usually applied to a specific point
where integrated process measures for the
reduction of contaminants apply. By reducing the
need for emissions of such substances into the
environment, these measures then provide
integrated protection to the entire environment.
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19. EXAMPLES Examples of applied cases of cleaner production in the Córdoba region.
Savings and efficient use of water
Campaign to operators on the saving and efficient use of water
with training such as "intelligent sanitization", which sought to teach
operators how to perform the cleaning and sanitizing of the plant
without wasting water.
Change of one of the washing hoses of the channels by a pressure
washer, which allows to make this process more efficient.
Water meters were installed in the casino and in the corrals and the
saving campaign in this area intensified. In the corrals, two meters
were installed: one for the washing of the corrals and the other for
the cattle's bath, an activity that consumes a great quantity of the
resource.
The dry cleaning of the pens is being carried out and the collected
manure is being weighed.
As a result of the campaign to save and use water efficiently, in the
casino
a decrease of 75% was obtained, registered during May of 2006.
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20. Savings and efficient use of energy
The gaskets in the refrigerated room doors were checked and
changed and resistance was installed to the tunnel doors.
The valve packing of the system was revised and changed
steam distribution.
The cooker's steam trap was checked and fixed.
An educational campaign was carried out to raise awareness in
the workers about the importance of keeping the doors of the
rooms closed and the lights off of the spaces in which they were
not operating.
In addition, an operator was appointed to open and close the door of
the rooms every time there were ten channels to enter.
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21. Investment in clean technology
In 2006 Frigosinú invested in the installation of a continuous
coagulator and flash dryer for the production of blood meal.
These resources were obtained through the Environmental
Credit Line of the National Center for Cleaner Production,
with a credit of $ 219,877,600, corresponding to the value of
the installed equipment, since the installation costs were
covered directly by the company. The reimbursement
obtained was 25%, equivalent to $ 54,969,400.
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22. Waste management
The company began in 2006 a campaign among its workers to
organize and classify waste disposal and thus be able to recycle.
As a result of this activity, all the recycled waste has been sold,
and the income has been distributed among the workers in order
to motivate them to continue with this practice.
Additionally, the cleaning company was asked to perform a new
capacity to measure the actual waste it was generating. The result
was 3.29 m3 per month, which implies a reduction of the cleaning
fee from $ 335,495 to $ 72,485 per month, that is, a saving of $
3,156,120 per year.
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23. CONCLUSION
I conclude that Cleaner Production is a very sustainable and
attractive option. The design and implementation of a National
Strategy aimed at the application of this concept, is a need for
development, as well as strengthening national programs and
efforts to combat pollution, improving the environmental and
economic management of companies. The integration and
strengthening of environmental management instruments in
force in the country is an essential element for its successful
implementation.
Cleaner Production can be applied to production processes for
saving raw materials and energy, eliminating toxic materials
and reducing the amount of toxicity of all emissions and waste
from the source; to products reducing negative impacts
throughout the product life cycle from design to final disposal;
and to the different services incorporating environmental care
in the design and delivery of the same.
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25. REFERENCES
• United Nations for the Environment. (2018). What is cleaner
production?. March 20,2019, of Cleaner Production Center Website:
https://www.pml.org.ni/index.php/produccion-limpia
• ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL
DEVELOPMENT. (2017). Introduction to Cleaner Production. March
20, 2019, from UNIDO Website:
https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/2008-06/1-Textbook_0.pdf
• Mexican Center for Cleaner Production. (2018). Cleaner Production
(P + L). March 20, 2019, from the Mexican Center for Cleaner
Production Website:
http://www.cmpl.ipn.mx/produccionmaslimpia/Paginas/Produccion.as
px
• Caldas Juan. (June 2013). Cleaner production as an environmental
management strategy. March 20, 2019, from Scielo Website:
http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1909-
04552013000100001
• Francisco López. (January 2015). Cleaner production and its
benefits. March 20, 2019, from SlideShare Website:
https://es.slideshare.net/panchofrancis/produccion-mas-limpia-
investigacion
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