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The horizontal axis is labeled weight in pounds and ranges from 50 to 275 pounds.
Color on chart Body Mass index
Orange Underweight
Green Healthy weight
Blue Overweight
Purple Obese
Low risk B M I under 25
Increased risk B M I 25 to 29.9 and low waist circumference
High risk B M I 25 to 29.9 and high waist circumference
or
B M I 30 to 34.9 and low waist circumference
Very high risk B M I 30 to 39.9 and high waist circumference
Extremely high risk B M I 40 plus and high waist circumference
Finding the proper balance between energy intake and energy expenditure allows us to maintain a healthy body weight.
• Energy balance. When the kilocalories you consume meet your needs, you are in energy balance. Your weight will be stable. Energy intake equals energy expenditure equals weight maintenance.
• Energy deficit. When you consume fewer kilocalories than you expend, your body will draw upon your stored energy to meet its needs. You will lose weight. Energy intake is less than energy expenditure equals weight loss.
• Energy excess. When you take in more kilocalories than you need, the surplus calories will be stored as fat. You will gain weight. Energy intake is greater than energy expenditure equals weight gain.
The hormones that stimulate satiety are as follows. Insulin: Insulin is released from the pancreas following carbohydrate ingestion. Leptin: Leptin produced in the fat cells is released into the body to stimulate satiety. Cholecystokinin: cholecystokinin (C C K) is released from the small intestine when chyme enters the duodenum. The hormone that stimulates hunger is ghrelin: ghrelin is secreted from the stomach when the stomach is empty to stimulate hunger.
Low volume, high calorie Total calories High volume, low calorie Total calories
16 ounce Dunkin Donuts Coffee Coolata with cream, 360 calories, and Dunkin Donuts chocolate chunk cookie, 110 calories.
460 Pop Secret snack popcorn, 94 percent fat free, butter, 110 calories. 16 ounce Dunkin Donuts hot latte lite made with skim milk, 70 calories. 180
Pizza Hut Pepperoni Lover’s Pizza, 2 slices, large pizza, 570 calories. Cheese breadstick, 320 calories. 890 Pizza Hut Veggie Lover’s Pizza, 3 slices, large pizza, 610 calories. 1 cup Romaine lettuce, 8 calories. 1 half cup cherry tomatoes, 13 calories. 1 half cup sliced cucumbers, 7 calories. 1 tablespoon light ranch dressing, 38 calories. 676
Part (a): In gastric bypass, the stomach is closed off, and a small pouch is left that can hold about one-fourth cup of food at a time. A diagram illustrates a stomach stapled leaving only a small pouch at the top. A portion of the small intestine is connected to the pouch. Food moves through the small portion of the stomach and the small intestine. A major portion of the stomach and the small intestine is bypassed by the food. Part (b): In sleeve gastrectomy, a vertical band of the stomach is created, leaving a narrower tube or “sleeve.”A diagram illustrates a stomach stapled vertically leaving only a narrow passage on the side. Food moves through the narrow sleeve into the small intestine. Part (c): In gastric banding, a silicone band is placed around the top of the stomach to greatly reduce its size. A diagram illustrates a band placed around the top portion of the stomach forming a constriction. Food pass through the small pouch at the top, the constriction, the lower part of the stomach, and the small intestine.
An icon for the website MyPlate dot gov is shown. A circle consists of 4 parts labeled vegetables, grains, protein, and fruits, in order of decreasing size. The circle is accompanied by a fork and a smaller circle labeled dairy. The vertical axis is labeled Calories. The horizontal axis has six segments labeled vegetables, fruits, grains, protein, dairy, and oils.Vegetables: Potatoes, 1 medium baked: Bar height is 161. Potatoes, mashed, 1 cup: Bar height is 237. Fruits: Apple, 1 small: Bar height is 55. Applesauce, 1 cup: Bar height is 194. Grains: Whole-wheat flakes, 1 cup: Bar height is 128. Granola, 1 cup: Bar height is 464. Protein: Chicken breast, cooked, 1 ounce: Bar height is 138. Chicken salad, homemade, three-fourth cup: Bar height is 313. Dairy: Milk, low-fat, 1 cup: Bar height is 102. Chocolate milk, low-fat, 1 cup: Bar height is 158. Yogurt, low fat, plain, 1 cup: Bar height is 154. Yogurt, low fat, strawberry, 1 cup: Bar height is 238. Oils: Mayonnaise, light, 1 tablespoon: Bar height is 49. Mayonnaise, 1 tablespoon: Bar height is 100.
• Sociocultural. Pressure to be thin, images of celebrities with low body weight, messages about family and friends.
• Psychological. Depression, low self-esteem, need for control, perfectionism, OCD.
• Genetic. Biological predisposition.