Nervous system

1. The Nervous System
Damnjanović Ivana

2. Functions of the Nervous
System
1.1. Control center for all body activitiesControl center for all body activities
2.2. Responds and adapts to changes thatResponds and adapts to changes that
occur both inside and outside the bodyoccur both inside and outside the body
(pain, temperature, )(pain, temperature, )

4. Anatomy of a Neuron
Each neuron contains:Each neuron contains:
-- Cell bodyCell body withwith
nucleusnucleus
-- DendritesDendrites : fibers: fibers
that receive messagesthat receive messages
from other neuronsfrom other neurons
-- AxonsAxons : fibers that: fibers that
send messages tosend messages to
other neuronsother neurons

5. Organization of NervousOrganization of Nervous
SystemSystem
Nervous System
Central Nervous
System
Peripheral
Nervous System
Brain & spinal
cord
Autonomic N.S. Somatic N.S.

6. Organs of the nervous
system can be divided
into two groups:
The central
nervous system
(CNS) is composed of
the brain and spinal
cord.

7. The peripheral
nervous system (PNS)
is made up of
peripheral nerves that
connect the CNS to the
rest of the body.
31 pairs of spinal
nerves
12 pairs of cranial
nerves

8. Peripheral Nervous
System
PNS can be subdivided into
2 divisions:
(1) Autonomic
Cranial & spinal nerves
connecting CNS to heart,
stomach, intestines, glands
Controls unconscious
activities

9. Peripheral Nervous System
(2) Somatic
Cranial & spinal nerves connecting CNS to skin
& skeletal muscles
Oversees conscious activities

10. Two MajorTwo Major
Divisions of theDivisions of the
Nervous SystemNervous System

11. Central Nervous System

12. Brains

13. Central Nervous System
BrainBrain : a mass of 100: a mass of 100
billion neuronsbillion neurons
located inside thelocated inside the
skullskull

14. Anatomy of the Brain
CerebrumCerebrum : largest part: largest part
of human brainof human brain
- Responsible for:- Responsible for:
- Thought- Thought
- Language- Language
- Senses- Senses
- Memory- Memory
- Voluntary movement- Voluntary movement
Prednji mozak

15. Retrieval of a Memory
A memory is not a
snapshot stored in
the brain – it must be
put together from
information stored in
various parts of the
brain

16. Anatomy of the Brain
Cerebellum : at base of
brain
-Responsible for:
- Muscle coordination
- Balance
- Posture
Mali mozak

17. Cerebrum -The largest division of the brain. It is
divided into two hemispheres, each of which is
divided into four lobes.
Cerebrum
Cerebrum
Cerebellum

18. Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral Cortex - The outermost layer of
gray matter making up the superficial aspect
of the cerebrum.

19. Diencephalon
-Thalamus
Epithalamus:
- pineal
- habenular nuclei
Hypothalamus
hypothalamus
ephithalamus
Anatomy of the Brain
Međumozak

21. Mesencephalon - Midbrain
Reflex center for eye muscles.
Also involved with processing visual and
auditory information (connects head
movements with visual and auditory stimuli).
Anatomy of the Brain
Srednji mozak

22. Anatomy of the Brain
Brain Stem : connects
brain to spinal cord
-Responsible for:
- Breathing
- Swallowing
- Heartbeat
- Blood pressure
Produžena moždina

23. Central Nervous System
Spinal CordSpinal Cord ::
Column of nervesColumn of nerves
from brain tofrom brain to
tailbone – protectedtailbone – protected
by vertebrae of spineby vertebrae of spine
Responsible for:Responsible for:
-- ConductingConducting
impulses between theimpulses between the
brain and the rest ofbrain and the rest of
the bodythe body

24. Donji
stubovi
Gornji
stubovi
Spinalna ganglija
Spinalni nerv
Bela masa
Siva masa

25. The Peripheral
Nervous System

26. Cranial Nerves - (glaveni nervi)

28. Spinal Nerves – moždinski nervi

30. The Autonomic Nervous System
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic