Fourth Working Session of the International Network of Soil Information Institutions (INSII) 6-8 November 2018 | FAO HQ – German Room, Rome, Italy

2. Soil survey in MKD - milestones
• Firstfieldactivities-afterIIWW
• SoilMapasapartofLongtermProjectformappingofnaturalresources,
• 4 generations of soil scientists in the period of more of 70 years of soil
science
• Establishing of Soil Science Society of Yugoslavia (SSSM) on 8. November
1953,
• PublishingofthefirstManualsforfieldsoilsurveyandlaboratorytesting
• DevelopmentofnationalSoilclassificationin1965forFormerYugoslavia,
• First FAO support in 1973, equipping of Soil Laboratory for field soil
survey
• SixVolumesoftheMonograph“SoilsoftheRepublicofMacedonia

3. Phases of MASIS development
• Idea…………………..
• Collection,evaluationandsystematizationand
vectorizationof soil data
- morethan150soilmaps
- reportsfromsoilfieldsurveyandlaboratorydataformorethan8000soilprofiles
• Creationof the digitalSoil Map andGeodatabase,
• DigitalSoilMappingcase studies
• WebGIS Portalfor publicuse of soil information's:
www.maksoil.ukim.mk
Mainproduct:MacedonianSoilInformationSystem

4. Phase 1: Soil data Processing
 Collection – soil maps, soil legacy data
 Evaluation – quality check
 Harmonization
 Digitalization of soil maps and soil profile locations
ФАО 2013-2015, МАКЕДОНСКИ ПОЧВЕН
ИНФОРМАТИВЕН СИСТЕМ

5. Soil Data
• Soilprofiledata(‘legacy’)frommorethan50decadesoffieldand
laboratorysurvey,scatteredintovariouselaborates,reportsand
studies–formainsoilchemicalandmechanicalproperties,soil
formingfactors,sitecharacteristicsdescriptors…

6. Soil Data
• Soil map – SMU based; (no uniform list of soil
types ,…)
• First task – harmonisationof SMU and complexes
within collected soil maps
• Harmonisationof ex-YU classificationof ST to the
WRB and FAO classification
• Adoption of ESDAC-EUCommission(2015 Soil Atlas of
Europe)-legendand codes for SMU, (additional
patterns has been inventedfor the soil complexes)

7. Digitalization of Soil Maps
• Scanning
• Georeferencing of 140
soil maps in a scales
of:
• 1: 50.000;
• 1: 2.500;
• 1: 10.000.
• No-data

8. Hard copy of source maps
Digital format
Soil mapping units-SMU`s
Digitalization of Soil Data

9. Soil Mapping Units GIS coverage

10. Digitalization of Soil Profile Locations

11. Soil Profiles Location GIS Coverage

12.  Input of field and laboratory attributive soil data,
 Adoption of codification system,
 Creation of the digital data base
ФАО 2013-2015, МАКЕДОНСКИ ПОЧВЕН
ИНФОРМАТИВЕН СИСТЕМ

13. Soil profile dataset
• 4300 soil profile locations with coordinates
available in the database
• 11,071 horizons; most populated properties:
13

14. Creation of the Geodatabase
• Example for the implemented codification of SMU`s and complexes
Approximation of soil classifications and codification

16. FID ProfID Source_Map kode_t X_coord Y_coord PofileLocName
2054 P2054 114B1 114B1.202 527605 4590507 Crkvica
2055 P2055 114B1 114B1.206 526377 4588247 Berotino
2056 P2056 114B1 114B1.346 527381 4588247 Star Kais
2059 P2057 114B1 114B1.203 528574 4588911 Konjsko
2063 P2058 114B1 114B1.205 526771 4589323 Visnje
2064 P2059 114B1 114B1.201 527749 4589628 Velstovo
2066 P2060 114B1 114B1.204 529005 4590812 Negotino
2068 P2061 114B1 114B1.222 530117 4589628 Novo Selo
2069 P2062 114B1 114B1.213 529435 4588848 Krivogastani
2071 P2063 114B1 114B1.221 530179 4589063 Petralino
2072 P2064 114B1 114B1.214 529740 4587700 Mislesevo
2073 P2065 114B1 114B1.216 529561 4586301 Karatmanovo
3382 P2066 114A1 114A1.450 531699 4566468 Katlanovo
3386 P2067 114A1 114A1.451 531656 4565662 Brnjarci
3388 P2068 114A1 114A1.438 533036 4566546 Hamzali
3392 P2069 114A1 114A1.452 533306 4565881 Glisich
3394 P2070 114A1 114A1.453 532708 4565439 Marena
3398 P2071 114A2 114A2.473 538784 4566459 Kurija
3400 P2072 114A2 114A2.471 538179 4564926 Alinci
3419 P2073 114A2 114A2.480 535730 4561861 Argulica
3420 P2074 114A2 114A2.124 536316 4561079 Carev Dvor
3424 P2075 114A2 114A2.125 535773 4560758 Mitrisanci
Creation of the Geodatabase
• Example for the implemented codification of soil profiles
Approximation of soil classifications and codification

17. Relation's within GEODATABASE
Look up Table for
soil horizons
(LUT)
Table
Location
description
GIS Coverage
with soil
profiles
Table for
description of soil
horizons
Table for soil
chemical
properties
Table for soil
physical
properties
Table for soil
mechanical
composition
Look up Table for
location (LUT)

18. Table – Description of soil location
Field Type Content Data Example
FID
ProfID Character Soil Profile ID P2061
Source_Map Character Map source- project name 114B1
kode.t
Integer
Number
Unique soil profile code 114B1.346
X_coord
Integer
Number X GausKrueger coordinate
526377
Y_coord
Integer
Number Y GausKrueger coordinate
4588247
ProfileLocName Character Soil profile Location Dupeni
Relief_description Character
Description of the
topography
Slopping land
Veg-description Character
Description of vegetation
cover
Tree and shrub cropping
Parent
material_description
Character Description of geology Grano-diorite
Human_influence_des
cription
Character
Type and extent of hyman
impact
Ploughing
Rock_outcrops_desc Character Degree of stoniness Abundant
Erosion_cat_desc Character Type of soil erosion
Water erosion or
deposition
Erosion_deg_desc Character
Description of soil erosion
extent and processes of
degradation
Moderate. Clear
evidence of removal of
soil surface horizons
Slope_Description Character
Category and percentage of
slope
Strongly sloping 10-15%

19. Relation's within GEODATABASE
LUT for soil
horizons
Table with
location and soil
profile description
GIS coverage
with soil
profiles
Table with soil
horizons
description
LUT for location
and soil profiles
description
Table > Soil
chemical
properties
Table > Soil
physical
properties
Table > Soil
mechanical
composition

20. Table – Description of soil horizons
Field Type Content Data Example
ProfID Character Soil Profile ID P2061
HorID Numeric
Code for particular horizon of
particular soil profile
P0702H01
DepthFrom Numeric Horizon depth starting point 0
DepthTo Numeric Horizon depth ending point 25
Horizon code Character Code for soil horizons type H01-01
Hor_MK Character Horizon type symbol A, B, AC
Hor_suffix_MK Character Horizon type syffix t, p, ox, rz
MAKtext
Character Destcription of soil horizon type
Typical humus-acummulative
mineral surface horizon
FAO_hor Character Horizon type symbol A, R, C, W
Hor_suffixes Character Horizon type syffix p, t, h, o/x
FAOtext
Character Destcription of soil horizon type
Highly decomposed organic
material

21. Relation's within GEODATABASE
LUT for soil
horizons
Table with
location and soil
profile description
GIS coverage
with soil
profiles
Table with soil
horizons
description
Table > Soil
chemical
properties
Table > Soil
physical
properties
Table > Soil
mechanical
composition
LUT for location
and soil profiles
description

22. Ex. Tables with soil data
Field Type Content Data Example
ProfileLOC Character Soil profile location Barovo
Horizon code Character Code for soil horizon type H01-01
DepthFrom Numeric Horizon depth starting point 0
DepthTo Numeric Horizon depth ending point 25
HorID Numeric Horizon code of particular soil profile P0702H01
CaCO3 Numeric Carbonate content (%) 25,3
Humus Numeric Organic matter content (%) 1,3
Total_N Numeric Totoal nitorgen content (%) 0,2
pH_H2O Numeric Soil reaction in water 3,0
pH_nKCl Numeric Soil reaction in nKCl 7,0
Easily_available_P2O5 Numeric Avaialble phosphorus (mg/100g soil) 16,5
Easily_available_K2O Numeric Available potassium (mg/100g soil) 24,3
S Numeric Total exchangeable basic cations (cmol(+) kg-1) 24,3
T Numeric Cation ehchange capacity (cmol(+) kg-1) 45,6
V % Numeric Base saturation percent 80

23. Ex. Tables with soil data
Field Type Content Data Example
ProfileLOC Character Soil profile location Barovo
Horizon code Character Code for soil horizons H01-01
DepthFrom Numeric Horizon depth starting point 0
DepthTo Numeric Horizon depth ending point 25
HorID Numeric Code for particular horion of particular soil profile P0702H01
Skeleton Numeric Totoal content of soil particles >2mm 2
Coarse_sand Numeric Totoal content of coarse snad (0,2-2 mm) 7
Fine_sand Numeric
Totoal content of fine sand (0,02-0,2 mm)
71
Silt Numeric
Totoal content of silt (0,002-0,02 mm)
16
Clay Numeric
Totoal content of clay (<0,002 mm)
7
Total Numeric
Totoal content of all fractions
100

24. Ex. Tables with soil data
Field Type Content Data Example
ProfileLOC Character Soil profile location Barovo
Horizon code Character Code for soil horizons H01-01
DepthFrom Numeric Horizon depth starting point 0
DepthTo Numeric Horizon depth ending point 25
HorID Numeric
Code for particular horion of particular soil
profile
P0702H01
Skeleton Numeric
Totoal content of soil particles >2mm
2
Coarse_sand Numeric
Totoal content of coarse snad (0,2-2 mm)
7
Fine_sand Numeric
Totoal content of fine sand (0,02-0,2 mm)
71
Silt Numeric Totoal content of silt (0,002-0,02 mm) 16
Clay Numeric
Totoal content of clay (<0,002 mm)
7
Total Numeric Totoal content of all fractions 100
Field Type Content Data Example
ProfileLOC Character Soil profile location Barovo

25. Final product - Soil Map of the Republic of Macedonia

26. SOIL MAP – Hard Copy

27.  Soil properties mapping
 Lan suitability maps
 Soil erosion risk maps

28. Mapping of soil properties
29
(from Poggio and Gimona, 2014)

29. Mapping approach
• The values of the selected soil properties were
mapped using an extension of:
 Scorpan-kriging approach,
 Hybrid Generalized Additive Models (GAM Wood,
2006)
 Geostatistical models, combining GAM with
Gaussian simulations (GAM+GS Poggio and Gimona,
2014).
30

30. Covariates – DEM & derivates
• The DEM was used used as a covariate in the fitted
models, further processed to fill-in no data voids
(Jarvis et al., 2006; Rodriguez et al., 2006).
• From the DEM elevation and slope were derived as
the steepest angle, calculated using the D8 method
(O’Callaghan and Mark, 1984).
• The topographic wetness index (TWI) (Sorensen et
al., 2006) was also included.
32

31. Covariates – Remote Sensing
A set of indices was derived from the Landsat 7
Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) (Roy
et al., 2010)
• Normalised Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI
• Normalised Difference Water Index calculated with
two near infrared bands
• Soil Colour Index
• Landsat Soil Moisture Index
33

32. The method: 3DGAm and kriging

34. ФАО 2013-2015, МАКЕДОНСКИ ПОЧВЕН ИНФОРМАТИВЕН СИСТЕМ

35. ФАО 2013-2015, МАКЕДОНСКИ ПОЧВЕН ИНФОРМАТИВЕН СИСТЕМ

36. Soil suitability and risk mapping
38

37. Soil suitability for general agriculture
• Soil suitability derived from DSM soil properties and
covariates following official Macedonian Soil quality
evaluation method (1991).
• The method was used for site-evaluation and soil
suitably rating using points.
• The original method was adapted to meet the
availability of DSM-derived soil properties and other
land GIS data.
39

38. Input data
• DSM soil property grids: soil depth, pHH2O, silt, clay, sand,
OM, CaCO3
• Environmental variables:
• Mean average temperatures (T)
• Mean average precipitation (P)
• Slope (%)
• Additional criteria
- land suitability classes
- expert opinion
40

39. Suitability Model
• The national Soil quality evaluation uses class-based
evaluation of single properties or environmental variable to
convert the measured data to relative points.
• Evaluation functions were developed to replace discrete
classification for each DSM soil property or environmental
variable.
41

40. Soil Suitability Model
• The functions of single soil properties and
environmental variables were set into raster
processing GIS algorithm that:
• calculates the land suitability expressed in points, and
• derives the land suitability grid in 50 m resolution.
42

41. Model of soil suitability mapping

42. Soil suitability – general agriculture
Tetovo – Gostivar Valley, NW

43. PHASE 4. WEB PORTAL FOR PUBLICATION OF
MASIS DATA

44. MASIS Web-GIS Portal
MASIS GIS Portal in based on a
ESRI ArcGIS platform,
consisting of:
 ArcGIS Server (web platform
for support of web services)
 ArcGIS Desktop (GIS desktop
platform suitable for
development and publishing
of web services in a suitable
form for ArcGIS Server)
MASIS GIS Portal – web application which enables to distribute the services
to the public by the means of various tools and functionalities.

45. ФАО 2013-2015, МАКЕДОНСКИ
ПОЧВЕН ИНФОРМАТИВЕН

46. ФАО 2013-2015, МАКЕДОНСКИ
ПОЧВЕН ИНФОРМАТИВЕН

47. ФАО 2013-2015, МАКЕДОНСКИ
ПОЧВЕН ИНФОРМАТИВЕН

49. Селектирање и превземање-атрибутивни и графички податоци

50. Clip, Zip and Ship
Slide window tool

52. Increasing human and technical capacities for DSM for
monitoring of soil degradation processes, like:
- SOC dynamics,
- Land use Land use change,
- Agro-ecological zoning,
- Soil erosion – intensity and erosion risk management
- Soil sealing – smart urban planning protection of high
productive soils
- Soil contamination
Upgrading of MASIS functionalities with:
- On-line services for the farmers (fertilization, irrigation, etc.)
- On-line thematic maps for: nutrient content, vulnerable zones to
Nitrate Directive,
Update and detailing of the Soil Map
GEO-Observation
Networking of MASIS with other SIS into regional Soil Platform
- standard methodologies of field soil survey and monitoring
- harmonized data collection

53. Thank you for your attention
Prof.DushkoMukaetov
InstituteofAgriculture–University“SsCyrilandMethdoius
www.maksoil.ukim.mk