Presentation 20: Good aquaculture and biosecurity practices in shrimp farming (Dr Pornlerd Chanratchakool, Thailand)
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http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/28b6bd62-5433-4fad-b5a1-8ac61eb671b1/ International Technical Seminar/Workshops on Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)
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Presentation 20: Good aquaculture and biosecurity practices in shrimp farming (Dr Pornlerd Chanratchakool, Thailand)
- 1. FAO TCP/INT/3502 “Reducing and managing the risk of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) of Cultured Shrimp” Good aquaculture and biosecurity practices in shrimp farming Dr Pornlerd Chanratchakool Novozymes; Thailand pchn@novozymes.com 6/24/2015 International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City 1
- 2. NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION 24/06/20152 Concept The importance of a healthy pond and shrimp Environment PathogensHost D The careful management of three factors are important to avoid disease. • Stable pond environment • Healthy host • No pathogens If one or more of these factors are not well managed, disease and mortality will occur. This is very common for Vibriosis and AHPND ??? International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 4. PROBLEM FROM OVER FED/OVER BLOOM /CRASH AND LOW D.O. ; ANAEROBIC SOIL NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION24/06/20154
- 6. NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION 24/06/20156 International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 7. International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 9. NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION24/06/20 15 9 International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 11. • many different strains of pathogenic Vibrio • at least four methods of testing the strains are available Is the effect of pond environment, weather/pond condition triggering AHPND, similar to Vibriosis? Is pond environment a major factor that predispose the animal to AHPND pathogen? Can we do anything on this? If yes, this is may be one way to manage. What could be a critical environment parameter ? DO, toxic condition, pH, temperature, salinity What is a different between AHPND and Vibriosis? International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 12. This is one of the factor that the shrimp growers are more interest and have more doubt. If yes, why they died as fast as 7 days after stocking, unlike Vibriosis? If no, can we improve their health? Is the health status of the shrimp still the same as before? International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 13. BACTERIAL DISEASE AHPND Vibriosis/White feces Vibriosis/White feces Successful crop Weak PL Healthy PL Highly pathogenic Less pathogenic
- 14. Management concept The objectives are moving to reduce risks of AHPND strains contamination • In male/female • Live feed • Larva • and in culture system And improving shrimp health status International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 15. -From feces (6.5 %) -live feed (1.2%) กา Contamination of AHPND strains in breeder : Thailand From: Aquaculture Business Research Center
- 16. Testing and quarantine • SPF • Home grown ??? Live feed !!!! • Testing • Treating • Cleaning • Formulated feed ? Washing egg/nauplii Treatment ? In maturation and spawning phase ; main focus International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 17. -Nuapli (2%) -Post larva (19%) -Artemia (13.16%) กา From : Aquaculture Business Research Center Contamination of AHPND in nursery phase
- 18. Chanthaburi CARC
- 19. • Testing • Treating ; disinfectant, probiotic, freshwater etc • Supplementary feed ; improve hepatopancrease condition • less contamination from pathogen Post larva phase objective International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 21. กา PL testing ; healthy HP and less contamination of Vibrio From : Aquaculture Business Research Center No abnormal HP Green colony < 100 CFU/1 g Yellow colony < 1,000 CFU/1 g
- 22. PL 12, rostral spines = 4 (4 x 3)
- 23. Chalor Limsuwan
- 24. Chalor Limsuwan
- 25. More focus on HP condition checking ; no abnormal HP tubule Chanthaburi CARC International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 26. • larvae/juvenile is more robust • less contamination from pathogen • Water treatment in nursery tank is required before stocking to reduce the contamination • Larvae can be treated with specific treatment (disinfectant, microbial, etc.) • given special feed during this phase. • The larvae will be in this phase for at least a few days till 45 days • depending on farm requirement. • The stocking density in this phase is also varying based on the nursery period and design stocking size (0.1g - 3 g). Nursery phase objectives : if not directly stocking International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 27. Nursery tank (12 M3) at pond size • 1-2 weeks • At 30-50 PL/Litr Pen inside culture pond • 200-900 M2 • 2-3 weeks • At 300-500 Pl/M2 Cage inside culture pond • 4x4 M2; several cage • 20-30 PL/Litr??? International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 28. Big tank ( 25-30 M3); out door Big tank (25-30 M3) ; in door Small tank (10 M3) ; out door International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 29. nursery tank/pond (50 M3) • 1000 PL/M2 for 50-60 days • Now use as culture tank to market size at 8-10 Kg/M3 • Up to 30 % water exchange after 30 days small pond (200 M2) which can be in door or out door International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 30. For indoor tank, maintaining the larvae at high temperature (>32 degree Celsius for 7 days) has been recommended by Dr. Chalor Limsuwan, to reduce the risk from white spot disease and seem to work in some country during low temperature crop. International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 31. More focus on nursery International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 32. -Water (24.22%) -Soil (14.79%) -Sick shrimp (24.5%) กา Aquaculture Business Research Center Contamination of AHPND strains in grow out pond
- 33. Cause of problem due to over fed/over bloom /crash and low D.O. ; anaerobic soil NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION24/06/201533
- 34. Try to keep in grow-out phase less than 60 days before un-manageble • Well prepare the soil • Remove sludge/organic waste • Ploughing • Water treatment • Reduce contamination • Many systems are in place • Bio-floc system, semi-biofloc system • Partial/full-recirculation system • mixed-culture with fish • low density stocking Grow-out phase
- 35. culture system/model that can prevent contamination and must be stable Aquaculture Business Research Center Biosecurity set up with full aeration and good drainage facility
- 36. Intensive : Bio-floc/semi-Bio-floc system Heavy aeration to • Maintain DO > 5 ppm • > 50 HP/Ha Small pond • lined • Concrete • With good draining Make sure to • re-suspend bio-floc • Or remove International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 37. Remove the sludge with open outlet pipe
- 41. NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION 24/06/2015 41 International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 42. NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION 24/06/2015 42 International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 43. South Korea ; 150/M3 ; 120 days with partial harvest NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION 24/06/201543 International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 44. Partial/full re-circulation system - culture area 50 to 70% - effluent settlement 10 % - mixing/main reservoir 20 to 40 % - become more common practice again in concentrate farming area
- 45. Sedimentation Culture pond Storage Pond Inlet Water Partial/fullrecirculation system
- 46. Mix culture with fish : remove algae/sludge Tilapia is a common fish If the fish is stocked directly with shrimp, stocking density will be around 1,500-3,000 fries in 1 Ha. Fish in cage Fish in water treatment pond Direct stock in the culture pond International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 47. Lower density with or without recirculation International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City
- 48. Small tanks with transfering ; 45 : 45 days at 1Pl/litre ; transfer/harvest at 8-10 Kg/M3
- 49. • Testing/quarantine incoming stock is essential ; especially home grown !!! • Reduce/prevent AAHPND strains contamination at each phase • Maintain good tank/pond environment condition : reduce cross contamination • Each pond should be managed individually • Stocking density should be decided base on • size of juvenile to be stocked • expected size at harvest • maximum biomass that pond could produced without problem (1.3 up to 10 Kg/M3). • Dissolved oxygen must be maintain as high as possible at all time (>5 ppm) • Feeding management must be adjusted based on shrimp growth pond by pond. • maximum daily feed increment should be set for each pond • seek for new/more source of brood stock • produce more healthy larvae • more robustness against stress and pathogen Conclusions International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses” 22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City