DRRR

1. Vinzons Pilot High School
A Detailed Lesson Plan in
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
June 23, 2021
I. Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate understanding of:
Fire hazards and related concepts:fire triangle, Causes of fires and Phases of a fire emergency
II. Performance Standard
The learner is able to:
1. The learners develop a family emergency preparedness plan to guide them on
what to do before, during and after a fire incident.
III. Learning Competencies:
The learner:
1. describe the different elements of a Fire Triangle;
2. recognize elements of the Fire Triangle in different situations; and
3. appreciate the importance of a Fire Triangle in our daily lives.
IV. Content
a. Topic: Fire Hazard
b. Lesson:
c. Materials: Power point presentation
Video Presentation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aaLb_jED6pA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnZZruGjKBA
d. References: Pages 259-275, Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction for Senior High
School
V. Procedures
a. Introduction and Preliminary Activities
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
Begin with classroom routines:
* Opening Prayer
* Classroom Management
* Greetings
* Checking of Attendance (google attendance)
Good morning Sir!
To be led by student’s

2. b. Motivation
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
Before we proceed,I want you to answer these questions forsafety
measures and in order to assess yourreadiness for our lesson
Directions: Select the correct answer and write it on your answer sheet.
Daily incidents
FROM 2013 to 2017, the BFP recorded a total of 77,724 fire incidents,
or an average of 15,545 fire incidents every year or 42 fire incidents a
day. During the period, the total estimated damage to property reached
P23. 273 billion or an average of P4. 65 billion every year.
That’s good class, okay now let us proceed to our discussion about fire
triangle and its components
Students are answered
Possible answer
(1.) Heat, Fuel and Oxygen are
required for combustion. Water
and Carbon dioxide are products
of the fire.
2.) Carbon dioxide, water and
sand can be used to extinguish a
fire.
3.) Water should never be added
to fire caused by electricity as it
will increase the risk of electric
shockand may cause further fires.
4.) Sand would prevent oxygen
getting to the fuel and will reduce
the risk of it igniting.)
5.

3. c. Lesson Proper
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
To start our new lesson let us watch this video about fire triangle.
Okay class what did you observe on the video?
Very Good class!!!
Now let us discuss what is fire hazard?
Teacher start discussion
 Fire hazards include all types of live flames, causes ofsparks,
hot objects, and chemicals that can ignite, or that can
aggravate a fire to become large and uncontrolled.
 Fire hazards also include all types of potential threats to fire
prevention practices, firefighting, built-in fire safety systems
and situations that restrict the escape of people from an
affected building or area in the event of a fire.
 Fire hazards pose threats to life and property. It is, therefore,
the prime object of safety systems to detect,remove or reduce
the risk of fire threatened by these potential hazards.
Teacher can ask student if there is any question or clarification.
Okay thank you class if you have no question let us continue.
Teacher can ask students what are the common fire hazard or cause of
fire at home, in public places, transports and work places:
Very good class!!!
Now let us see this common fire hazard.
 All types of flames used for any work
 Electric wires, higher loads, loose connections and old
electrical equipment
 All cooking and heat generating appliances
 All works and situations where fire is essential such as
welding, cutting,metal casting, etc.
 Improper storage of tools, equipment and items during and at
the end of the day’s work
 Smoking and personal lighters and matches
 Fireworks, pyro-techniques,ammunitions (bullets) and
explosives
Sir, the video shows the 3 elements
of fire triangle (fuel, oxygen and
heat)
Students may ask question or
clarification.
Possible answer of student
 Faulty electrical wiring or
connection
 LPG-related
 Neglected cooking or
stove
 Cigarette butt
 Unattended open flame:
torch or sulo
 Unattended open flame:
candle or gasera
 Matchstick or lighter

4.  Improper and unauthorized storage of flammable and
hazardous materials and chemicals especially the flammable
ones
 Insufficient capacity and numbers of emergency exits and
stairs
 Insufficient numbers and types of fire extinguishers
 Absence of fire detection and alarm system
 Violation of building and fire codes
Now you are aware to the different common fire hazard.
Let us deepen the discussion about fire triangle.
Are you ready class???
Elements of the Fire Triangle
 The fire triangle or combustion triangle is a simple model for
understanding the necessary ingredients for most fires. The
triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite:
heat, fuel, and an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen).
 A fire naturally occurs when the elements are present and
combined in the right mixture, meaning the fire is actually an
event rather than a thing. A fire can be prevented or
extinguished by removing any one of the elements in the fire
triangle. For example, covering a fire with fire blanket
removes the oxygen part of the triangle and can extinguish a
fire.
 Fuel - in order for a fire to start there must be a
material to burn – and this is referred to as the fuel.
Fuel is any kind of combustible material, including
paper, oils, wood, gases,fabrics, liquids, plastics and
rubber. The fuel for a fire is usually characterized by
its moisture content,size, shape and quantity and
this will determine how easily the fuel will burn and
at what temperature.
 Heat - In addition to a fuel source, heat must be present
in order for ignition to take place. All flammable
materials give off flammable vapors which
undergoes combustion,when heat is present.Heat is
also responsible for the spread and maintenance of
fire as it removes the moisture from nearby fuel,
 Etc….
Students:Yes, Sir!!!!

5. warming the surrounding area and pre-heating fuel
in its path,enabling it to travel and develop with
greater ease.
 Oxygen- aside from fuel and heat, fire also needs
oxygen to keep burning. It acts as the oxidizing
agent in the chemical reaction. This means that when
the fuel burns,it reacts with the oxygen to release
heat and generate combustion
 To stop a fire, one of the three elements of the fire triangle
must be removed. So, if a fire runs out of fuel, it will smolder
out; if you can cool a fire down, it will lose heat and go out;
and if the oxygen is removed, it will stop burning.Therefore,
attempts at combatting a fire and also preventing a fire are
based upon these principles.
Teacher ask student if there are question or clarification about the fire
triangle
Now let us know the different types of fire
Types of Fire Source/ materials
Class A Fires Solid materials: wood, plastics,
textile, paper, clothing
Class B Fires Flammable liquids and gasses
Class C Fires Electrical (live electricity
situations,exclude fires in other
materials started by electricity)
Class D Fires Combustible, easily oxidized
metals such as aluminum,
magnesium, titanium and
zirconium
Special categories Extremely active oxidizers or
mixtures, flammables containing
oxygen, nitric acid, hydrogen
peroxide, and solid missile
propellant.
Student ask question or clarification

6. d. Activity
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
Teacher call a student to answer the question
Part A.
Directions: In each situation,tell whether you: A.)
took away the oxygen, B.) took away the heat, or C.)
took away the fuel.
Write the letter of the correct answer.
1.) Your clothes have been caught on fire. You
immediately performed “Stop, Drop and Roll”.
2.) At the end of the camp, you put water on the
camp fire.
3.) You moved a basket of toys away from your
heater.
4.) Your mother has a candle lit in the room very
close to the curtains. You noticed and asked her to
move it to the center of the cabinet away from
anything that can burn.
5.) Your parents poured water over the burning
garbage in your backyard
6.) You come home from schooland threw your
clothes across the room. It landed on the lamp beside
your bed that you have just turned on. You quickly
removed it and put your clothes on your bed.
7.) You were cooking on the stove,and the oil
catches fire. You quickly covered the pan with a
damp towel and the fire goes out.
Teacher call student to answer the question
PART B.
Directions: A fire needs three things to ignite and
burn: oxygen (air), heat (from a match or electrical
spark, for example), and fuel (anything that will
burn, like wood, paper, leaves, gasoline, etc.).
Keeping these basic facts in mind, answer briefly
each of the following questions below.
1. Why is it important not to open a door (during a
fire) if the doorknob is hot?
2. Why is running a bad idea when your clothes are
on fire? Why is “Stop, drop, and roll” a betteridea,
instead?
3. Why will a wooden house burn faster than a brick
one?
Part A.
Student possible answer
1. A.) took away the oxygen
2. B.) took away the heat
3. C.) took away the fuel
4. C.) took away the fuel
5. B.) took away the heat
6. C.) took away the fuel
7. A.) took away the oxygen
Students possible answer
Part B.
1. Fire might be on the other side, and opening the
door could supply the oxygen
it needs to spread.
2. Running is a bad idea when your clothes are on
fire because it is like using air
to fan the flames. Instead,“Stop, Drop, and Roll”
should be done because it
deprives the fire of oxygen.
3. Wood is a betterfuel; It is more flammable.

7. e. Application
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
Student will be divided into 3 groups; every groups
will be given 3 situations to answer.
Directions: Evaluate each situation, and identify or
list down each of the elements in the fire triangle.
1.) Bonfire being lit while camping
2.) Stove fire used for cooking rice
3.) Lamp (gasera) used for areas where electricity is
unavailable
4.) Lighter used for lighting cigarettes
5.) Grilling barbeques using charcoal
6.) Lightning striking a tree
7.) Newspaper being burned
8.) Fire crackers/ fireworks used during celebration
9.) Electrical fires during summers
10.) Chemicals stored in closed environments
Student possible answer
1. Fuel: wood/branches/sticks/paper
Oxygen: your breath for air
Heat: Match/lighter
2. Fuel: LPG/gas
Oxygen: the air around
Heat: electric spark/ match/ lighter
3. Fuel: kerosene/ “gaas”
Oxygen: the air around
Heat: match/lighter
4. Fuel: butane
Oxygen: the air around
Heat: electric spark (Piezo Ignition)
5. Fuel: charcoal
Oxygen: your breath for air
Heat: match/lighter
6. Fuel: tree
Oxygen: air around
Heat: lightning/ spark
7. Fuel: newspaper
Oxygen: air around
Heat: match/lighter
8. Fuel: black powder (charcoal/thermite)
Oxygen: the air around
Heat: match/lighter
9. Fuel: Appliances/wirings
Oxygen: the air around
Heat: electrical spark
10. Fuel: flammable solid, liquid, or gas chemical
Oxygen: the air around
Heat: increase in temperature (fuel reacts with oxygen
exceeding a threshold
called the flash point)
f. Generalization
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
SITUATION #1:
Consider you are living in an area where houses are
made out of light materials and are very close to one
another;
1. How are you going to apply the concepts ofthe
fire triangle in preparation in times of fire
occurrence?
SITUATION #2
There is a high possibility that sooneror later you
may experience fire especially if the materials
surrounding you are light and that could easily catch
fire;
Student possible answer
Situation #1:
1.) Applying the concept of the fire triangle is
helpful in preparation for fire. Fuel serves as the
“food” for fire that’s why, as much as possible,
put away combustible objects to flammable
objects.Heat makes the object’s temperature to
change.The same in number 1, put away highly
combustible objects to heating equipment. And
lastly the oxidizing agent,as the most important
component and the only natural-occurring part
of the fire triangle, togetherwith the first 2
ingredients, fire will occur.
Situation #2:

8. 2. Explain how important recognizing the fire
triangle in extinguishing a fire.
2.) Recognizing the different ingredients of fire
helps us to understand how to extinguish fire
because through knowing this, we can identify
the characteristics of each element and make
necessary adjustments in our house for fire
safety.
g. Assessment
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
DIRECTIONS: Please read each question carefully
and look for the most correct answer.
1. Which of the following is TRUE about fire as a
natural hazard?
A. It affects the necessary change in our
environment.
B. It is a natural process occurring in our
environment.
C. Both letters A and B are correct.
D. Neither of the above choices is correct.
2. How does conduction as heat transfer happen?
A. Heat traveling through air.
B. Heat traveling through a vacuum.
C. Heat transferred through direct contact.
D. Because of the increasing and rapid growth of the
population.
3. Which of the following is an effective way to cool
down the heat?
A. Put sand or dirt in a burning material.
B. Apply cooling agents such as water.
C. Let the fire exhaust all of its fuel.
D. Put some pyrolysis chemicals.
4. In a recent major wildfire in Australia, which of
the following is considered to be the fuel of fire?
A. Heat B. Leaves C. Oxygen D. Smoke
5. Which of the following is TRUE about the heat in
the fire triangle?
A. Any substance solid,liquid, or gas which can
burn.
B. The most essentialcomponent for a fire to start
and continue.
C. A component that flows from an object of high
temperature to low temperature.
D. None of the choices are correct.
Student possible answer
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. C

9. h. Assignment
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
1. Research different types of fire extinguisher
2. Identify what type fire extinguisher will be
used on the specific types of fire?
Student possible answer
Prepared by:
JASLOR B. LAVIÑA
Subject Teacher