The document discusses the use of technology for field data capture and compilation in agricultural censuses. It provides an overview of computer assisted personal interview (CAPI) software, describing advantages like easier survey management and higher quality data, as well as disadvantages like high upfront costs and reliance on connectivity. Examples are given of countries that have used CAPI and GPS technologies successfully in recent agricultural censuses. Specific CAPI products like Survey Solutions are profiled, highlighting features like integrated survey design and management tools. Country experiences using these technologies, such as Tanzania and Mozambique, are also summarized.

1. Regional Roundtable on
World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020
Nairobi, Kenya
18th - 22nd September 2017
Use of Technology for field data
capture and compilation
Technical session 18c
Jairo Castano
Senior Statistician
Leader, Agricultural Census and Survey Team
FAO Statistics Division

2.  Overview of CAPI: description,
advantages, disadvantages, products on
the market
 Overview of Survey Solutions features
 Country examples: Estonia and Latvia
Overview

3. • Remote sensing (RS) and aerial/ortho-photos: RS and aerial photos
can be used for (i) cartography and frame building, (ii) supporting field
work, (iii) crop estimation.
• Handheld GPS devices: supports field activities such as geo-referencing
plots, holding location, or measuring plot areas.
• Mobile data collection: Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI)
using smartphones, tablets).
• Remote data collection: Use of telephone and computers, such as
Computer assisted telephone interview (CATI) and internet such as
Computer assisted Self Interview (CASI or CAWI).
• Online dissemination of results: web pages, social media and other
electronic methods. Infographics and thematic GIS maps enhance
readability and comprehensibility of census results.
• Anonymization of micro-data: protocols, methods and tools are
available for a safe access to microdata. New opportunities for census
dissemination.
Examples of use of technology in the census

4. Computer Assisted Personal Interview
(CAPI) software allows recording
responses on a computer or tablet instead
of paper.
What is CAPI?

5. • Easier Survey Management
• Reduced variables costs
(No transport costs, no storage costs, no printing costs, no
data-entry costs)
• Reduced time from data collection to analysis
and reporting
• Higher quality data
(Enforced skip patterns, validation conditions, look-up
tables)
What are the advantages of CAPI?

6. Novel question types
 Geo reference, photos, barcodes scanning (for national IDs)
Closer field monitoring
 Export paradata for monitoring activities during
interviews (e.g. start & end time)
 Almost real time export of microdata
Easier to implement changes to questionnaire
 No need to send questionnaires back and forth to field
What are the advantages of CAPI?

7. High fixed cost
 Can be reduced by sharing use with other
surveys
Requires more preparation time - programming
and testing questionnaire, procurement
 Time savings on back-end from no data entry
compensates
Many times requires connectivity
 Risks can be reduced by using 2 sim cards,
back-up paper questionnaires, etc.
Others: vulnerability to weather, batteries and
access to power for charging
What are disadvantages of CAPI?

8. Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro) Developed
by the US census bureau and funded primarily by USAID.
Widely used, but lacks survey management tools and requires
programming knowledge. FREE + programming costs
Open Data Kit (ODK): Core developers at UoW – Dpt. Of
Computer Science. Open-sourced, funded partially through
donations of users. FREE+ programming costs
My Survey Solutions: Development supported by the Worl
Bank GS, and first version released in 09.2013. Closed
source, but integrates data management tools, and requires
little to no knowledge of programming. FREE
CAPI Products

9. • Global Strategy has implemented small
sample surveys in Tanzania, Indonesia,
and Jamaica
• World Bank in partnership w/ NSOs have
implemented surveys reaching 200K
respondents in Malawi, 400K in Uganda,
and 2.7 million in South Africa.
FAO and Survey Solutions

10.  User friendly survey management system
built right into the software.
 Survey designer that requires no
programming skills
 Cloud based data storage and transfer
 Geo references questions (holding location)
 Can accommodate any type of question
 User-friendly Android application for data
entry
Survey Solutions Features

11.  Documentation on every part of the system
available
 E-learning course available online (13
modules)
 Data export available in SPSS and STATA
formats.
 DDI compliant metadata automatically
generated.
 Automatic paradata tabulation for field
monitoring
*DDI: Data Documentation Initiative, an int’l standard for describing statistical data
Survey Solutions Features (cont’d)

12. • The Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries
Development (MLFD) undertook an
randomized control trial (RCT) involving
600 livestock extension officers.
• CAPI allowed results to be available in less
than one month after baseline survey.
• MLFD looking for more opportunities to
expand data collection using CAPI.
Country Experience - Tanzania

13. • For the Agricultural Census 2009/2010 Mozambique
used CAPI combined with use of GPS.
• The CAPI/GPS was used for computer assisted data
collection and also to locate and measure the area of the
plots.
• INE Mozambique used Notebooks with CSPro
software. It was the first time this approach was used in
African countries.
Country Experience
Mozambique - Agricultural Census 2009/2010

14. Country experiences on use of CAPI,
CATI, CASI and GPS technologies in
census Country
name
Year of census
CAPI/GPS/PDA/CA
TI/CASI
Estonia 2010 CAPI, CASI
France 2010 CAPI
Latvia 2010 CAPI, CATI,CASI,
Malta 2010 CAPI
Poland 2010 CAPI, CATI,CASI
Slovenia 2010 CAPI, CATI
Lithuania 2010 CASI
Netherlands 2010 CASI
Iceland 2010 CASI
Austria 2010 CASI
Finland 2010 CASI
Sweden 2010 CASI, CATI
Mozambique 2009/2010 CAPI, GPS
Venezuela 2008 CAPI, GPS
Argentina 2008 CAPI
Colombia 2014 CAPI
Brazil 2006 CAPI
Mexico 2007 CAPI
Canada 2011 CASI
Uruguay 2011 GPS
USA 2012 CASI
Australia 2011 CASI
Jordan 2007 CAPI
Thailand 2013 CAPI
Iran 2014 CAPI
Countries are increasingly
using IT technology in
agricultural censuses for:
 data collection (CAPI,
CASI, CATI);
 identification of location
for field operation of
enumerators (GPS);
 online monitoring of the
progress in field
operations in real time.

15. Thank You