2. Table of Contents
Introduction
Classification of steel
Products of Steel
Industry structure
Per capita steel consumption
Categorization of steel Industry
Contribution to the economy
Conclusion
SWOT Analysis
3. INTRODUCTION
Steel is a hard, strong grey or bluish-grey
alloy of iron with carbon and usually other
elements, used as a structural and
fabricating material.
It is the economic backbone of any
country and is the most versatile material
It is the most recycled material
we depend on steel in thousands of
ways around the world even beyond our
planet in Space
From the time you wake and until your
day is down steel is working to make your
life safer, stronger and better
It supports homes,schools,building,sky-
scrappers,bridges,roads and dams.
5. Steel Processing
Technique
Two types of plants are used to convert iron into
steel
1. Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Method
2. Bio Oxygen Furnaces (BOF) Method
Production is 34% and 66% respectively
6. Classification of Steel
The five major classes of Steel are:
1. Carbon Steel
2. Alloy Steel
3. Stainless Steel
4. Tool Steel
5. High Strength Low-Alloy Steel (HSLA)
7. Carbon Steels
More than 90% of all steels are carbon
steels
Contain varying amounts of carbon
Used in machines, auto-mobile bodies
etc
8. Alloy Steel
Containing certain largest amounts of
Manganese, Silicone and Copper
More strengthen then carbon steels
9. High-Strength Low-Alloy
Steels
Have much more strength than Carbon and alloy
steel of same weight
Buildings are now being constructed with
frameworks of HSLA Steels
10. Stainless Steels
Contains chromium, nickel, and other alloying
elements
Used in pipes, chemical plants, trucks, nail cutters
etc
11. Tool Steels
Contains Tungsten, Molybdenum and other
alloying elements
They have extra strengths, hardness and
resistance to wear
12. Products of Steel
Direct products By products
• Billets • Oxygen and Nitrogen
• Hot Rolled Products • Refractory Bricks
• Cold Rolled Products • Coal Tar
• Galvanized Products • Granulated Blast Furnace
Slag
• Pig iron • Bolder Slag
• Coke • Ammonium Sulphate
• Chequered Plates and
Formed Sections
13. Steel Industry Structure
Two Sectors
1. Organized Sector/Public Sector
2. Unorganized Sector/Private Sector
16. World steel Production
Produced in more than 50 countries.
Rapid industrialization created a huge
demand for steel
Major steel producing countries
1. China 31%
2. Japan 10%
3. USA 8%
4. Russia 6%
5. South Korea 4%
17. Supply of steel over the
World
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
In 000 Tons
Domestic Production Imports Total Consumption
18. Per capita income in
Pakistan
13.3 14.3
12.4 11.6 12 12.1 12.3
14.4
12
14.2
27
34.7
38.2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006
Steel Consumption Per Capita (Kg)
19. Steel demand and supply in
Pakistan
Production range 2 million tons to 3 million
tons in last 9 years
Demand has increase at rapid rate recently
21. Ship Breaking
Provides ship plates or re-rolling
industry
Based in Gadani, Baluchistan
Annual production ranges between
50,000-100,000 metric tons
The number of employees working upto
4000
22. Steel melters
Produce and sell ingots billets
Produced by melting steel scrap in
electric furnaces
Currently about 120 Steel furnaces are
operating
15000 labor force is employed
Production in 3 million metric tons in
2005-2006
23. Steel Rollers
These units roll billets/ingots
Raw material: Steel billets, ingots, cast
billets and ship plates
Products: steel bars, flat, tee iron,
channels, girders and wires etc
Installed capacity is around 4 million
tons
20,000 labor force is employed
24. Steel pipe industry
Non-existent at the time of
independence
Currently its installed capacity is
525,000 tons per year
Able to produce seem less, seam
welded, spiral welded and arc-welded
pipes
Approximately 3500 people are
employed
26. Manufacturing Sector
Share of manufacturing in GDP is 18.2%
Iron and steel industry is contributing in
3.3%
Manufacturing sector is grew at 12.6 %
in 2004 to 2005
Due to law and order situation recently
the production is badly effected
27. Construction sector
The construction sector growth was
9.2% during 2005-2006
Enhanced activities in private housing
Spending on physical infrastructure
Construction in the earthquake affected
areas
28. Employment Generation
More than 92,000 people are employed
directly
14000 jobs have been provided by the
Pakistan Steel Mill alone
29. Taxes (Tax Base)
Categories Units
Manufacturers 599
Importers 451
Exporters 24
Distributers 315
Wholesalers 820
Retailers 51
Total 2260
30. Taxes (Tax Collection)
Categories Units
Manufacturers 1885.2
Importers 34.5
Exporters 0.9
Wholesalers/Distributers 49.5
Retailers 6.2
Total 1976.3
32. Strengths
High demand
i. From government side
ii. From automobile side
iii. From private sector
iv. From housing sector
Demand Growth
I. Iron Ore
II. Coal Availability
III. By-products
33. Weaknesses
Out Dated Plants
Number of Operational
Manufacture/Process unit Decreased
Only one world standard Facility of Steel
Production
Low Per Capita Consumption
No Training And Research Plans
34. Opportunities
Utilization of Ores
Investments
Export of Steel
Usage of Iron And Steel in Rural Areas
Investments in training And
Development
36. Conclusion
At current Pakistan is facing sever deficit in steel supply of 5.224 million
ton, and this short fall will increase 12 million tons by the year 2020 until
any new born steel industry could come in to production. Pakistan imports
more the 4.078 million tons of steel products each year to meet the country
demand. If no sincere efforts have been made by the government this
deficit will increase rapidly and would be rather difficult to establish an
immediate steel industry to fulfill the needs.
In sharp contrast, Pakistan’s crude steel production declined from 1.1
million MT in Fiscal Year-FY2001 to 0.4 million MT in FY2011. Pakistan
had imported 3.2 million MT of iron and steel in 2011 amounting US$2
billion; roughly 5 percent of the annual import bill.
37. The domestic consumption of steel in Pakistan has grown up to 6-
7millions tons a year, PSM plans to expand her productivity from 1.1
million ton a year to 3 million ton a year
PSM has already started an indigenous program to utilize locally
available iron ore.
The expansion plan of PSM productivity and utilization of local iron ore
will definitely cover the deficit in the demand of iron and steel in the
country. But this will require continuous sustainable development and
sincerity of the authorities; even then this will take five to ten years to
achieve the goals.