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Power, Politics &
Policy Process
Dr. Faheem Jehangir Khan
Research Economist, PIDE
faheemjkhan@pide.org.pk
FJK | 2015
PIDE, Islamabad
The Public & Its Policies
Arguing versus Bargaining
FJK | 2015
PIDE, Islamabad
FJK
Arguing versus Bargaining
 Argue
Give reasons or cite evidence in support of an idea, action, or
theory, typically with the aim of persuading others to share
one’s view.
 Bargain
An agreement between two or more people or groups as to
what each will do for the other.
FJK | 2015
PIDE, Islamabad
FJK
Arguing versus Bargaining
Negotiator 1
(Buyer)
Initial offer Max. acceptable offer
FJK | 2015
PIDE, Islamabad
FJK
Arguing versus Bargaining
Negotiator 1
(Buyer)
Negotiator 2
(Seller)
Initial offer Max. acceptable offer
Initial demandMax. acceptable demand
FJK | 2015
PIDE, Islamabad
FJK
Arguing versus Bargaining
Negotiator 1
(Buyer)
Negotiator 2
(Seller)
Initial offer Max. acceptable offer
Initial demandMax. acceptable demand
Bargaining
Range
The ‘Bargaining Range’ or ‘Negotiation Zone’
is the range between the minimum price the
supplier will accept and the maximum price
the buyer will pay.
FJK | 2015
PIDE, Islamabad
FJK
Arguing versus Bargaining
Negotiator 1
(Buyer)
Negotiator 2
(Seller)
Initial offer Max. acceptable offer
Initial demandMax. acceptable demand
No deal range
No deal range
FJK | 2015
PIDE, Islamabad
FJK
Arguing versus Bargaining: Example
Negotiator 1
(Buyer)
Negotiator 2
(Seller)
Initial offer Max. acceptable offer
Initial demandMax. acceptable demand
No deal range
No deal range
Rs.50,000Rs.30,000
FJK | 2015
PIDE, Islamabad
FJK
Arguing versus Bargaining: Example
Negotiator 1
(Buyer)
Negotiator 2
(Seller)
Initial offer Max. acceptable offer
Initial demandMax. acceptable demand
No deal range
No deal range
Rs.40,000Rs.20,000
Rs.50,000Rs.30,000
FJK | 2015
PIDE, Islamabad
FJK
Arguing versus Bargaining: Example
Negotiator 1
(Buyer)
Negotiator 2
(Seller)
Initial offer Max. acceptable offer
Initial demandMax. acceptable demand
No deal range
No deal range
Rs.40,000Rs.20,000
Rs.50,000Rs.30,000
Bargaining Range:
30k – 40k
‘win-win’ situation

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Arguing vs Bargaining

  • 1. Power, Politics & Policy Process Dr. Faheem Jehangir Khan Research Economist, PIDE faheemjkhan@pide.org.pk
  • 2. FJK | 2015 PIDE, Islamabad The Public & Its Policies Arguing versus Bargaining
  • 3. FJK | 2015 PIDE, Islamabad FJK Arguing versus Bargaining  Argue Give reasons or cite evidence in support of an idea, action, or theory, typically with the aim of persuading others to share one’s view.  Bargain An agreement between two or more people or groups as to what each will do for the other.
  • 4. FJK | 2015 PIDE, Islamabad FJK Arguing versus Bargaining Negotiator 1 (Buyer) Initial offer Max. acceptable offer
  • 5. FJK | 2015 PIDE, Islamabad FJK Arguing versus Bargaining Negotiator 1 (Buyer) Negotiator 2 (Seller) Initial offer Max. acceptable offer Initial demandMax. acceptable demand
  • 6. FJK | 2015 PIDE, Islamabad FJK Arguing versus Bargaining Negotiator 1 (Buyer) Negotiator 2 (Seller) Initial offer Max. acceptable offer Initial demandMax. acceptable demand Bargaining Range The ‘Bargaining Range’ or ‘Negotiation Zone’ is the range between the minimum price the supplier will accept and the maximum price the buyer will pay.
  • 7. FJK | 2015 PIDE, Islamabad FJK Arguing versus Bargaining Negotiator 1 (Buyer) Negotiator 2 (Seller) Initial offer Max. acceptable offer Initial demandMax. acceptable demand No deal range No deal range
  • 8. FJK | 2015 PIDE, Islamabad FJK Arguing versus Bargaining: Example Negotiator 1 (Buyer) Negotiator 2 (Seller) Initial offer Max. acceptable offer Initial demandMax. acceptable demand No deal range No deal range Rs.50,000Rs.30,000
  • 9. FJK | 2015 PIDE, Islamabad FJK Arguing versus Bargaining: Example Negotiator 1 (Buyer) Negotiator 2 (Seller) Initial offer Max. acceptable offer Initial demandMax. acceptable demand No deal range No deal range Rs.40,000Rs.20,000 Rs.50,000Rs.30,000
  • 10. FJK | 2015 PIDE, Islamabad FJK Arguing versus Bargaining: Example Negotiator 1 (Buyer) Negotiator 2 (Seller) Initial offer Max. acceptable offer Initial demandMax. acceptable demand No deal range No deal range Rs.40,000Rs.20,000 Rs.50,000Rs.30,000 Bargaining Range: 30k – 40k ‘win-win’ situation