• Duties of parties involved • Health requirements • Preparation for entry • Entry procedure • Rescue and Emergency Procedure

1. CONFINED SPACE
(Procedure Of Entry)
Yurizman Jamil
Industrial Hygiene & Ergonomic Division
DOSH
1

2. CONTENT
• Duties of parties involved
• Health requirements
• Preparation for entry
• Entry procedure
• Rescue and Emergency Procedure
2

3. PERSON INVOLVED
• Authorised Entrant (AE)
– An employee who is authorized by the employer to enter
and do work in a confined space and has attended a
training course for AESP and passed the examination
• Authorised Gas Tester (AGT)
– A competent person who is appointed by the employer
and is authorized by DOSH to carry out atmosphere
testing in a confined space
• Entry Supervisor (ES)
– A person appointed by employer and is authorized by
DOSH to be responsible for determining that entry
conditions are acceptable
3

4. • Stand-by Person (SP)
– A person who is stationed outside a confined space to
monitor the condition of the authorized entrants, and to
raise the alarm, if required and has attended a training
course for AESP and passed the examination
• Permit Issuer (PI)
– A person who is trained as AGT/ES and authorized by
the employer. He cannot be the same person who
supervise the confined space activity.
4
PERSON INVOLVED

5. DUTIES OF EMPLOYER
• To inform his employees or contractor
– Entry is allowed only if requirements of ICOP are
complied
– Previously identified hazards
– Precautionary measures and procedures implemented
• Coordinate entry operation with contractors
• Ensure all persons involved in entry operation carry out
their duties
• Conduct debriefing at the end of entry
5

6. DUTIES OF CONTRACTOR
• Obtain information regarding confined space hazard and
entry operation from the employer
• Cooperate with owner when personnel will be working in
or near confined spaces
• Brief the owner on the implementation of confined space
programme
• Inform employer of hazards that the contractor confronted
or created through debriefing
• If the contractor possesses the site, they have to comply
with duties of employer
• Ensure all persons involved in entry operation carry out
their duties
6

7. DUTIES OF PERMIT ISSUER
• To identify and recommend control measures to
ensure safe entry
• Ensure there is no other incompatible activity in
the vicinity of the confined space
• Authorise the permit to work
• Endorse the cancellation and closure of the permit
to work
7

8. DUTIES OF ENTRY SUPERVISOR
• Ensure the permit to work has been filled, tests specified by
the permit has been conducted, procedures and equipment
specified in the permit are in place before endorsing the
permit and allowing the entry
• Remove unauthorised individuals who attempt to enter the
confined space during entry operation
• Terminate the entry and cancel the permit if the acceptable
entry condition cannot be maintained
8

9. DUTIES OF ENTRY SUPERVISOR
• Verify that the rescue services are available and
means for summoning them are operable
• Be in-charge of communication during emergency
• To ensure entry operation remain consistent with
terms in the permit, and acceptable entry
conditions are maintained
• Brief entry team on hazards, permit to work
requirements and emergency procedures
• Conduct debriefing
• Close the permit to work
• Submit the PTW to employer for record keeping
9

10. DUTIES OF AGT
• To update his knowledge of hazards in confined
space
• To identify hazards and recommend control
measures to ensure safe entry
• Familiar with all equipment used in confined
space entry (including rescue equipment)
• Test and interpret the reading from gas detector
10

11. • Aware of possible behaviour changes due to exposure to
hazards in the confined space
• To ensure accurate count and identification of entrants in
confined spaced
• Remain outside the assigned confined space area during
entry operation
• Communicate with entrants or fire watch regularly to
monitor entrants, and to alert of the need to evacuate
• Not to perform any duties that may interfere with stand-by
person duties
• Monitor the condition of equipment required for the entry
11
DUTIES OF STANDBY - PERSON

12. DUTIES OF AUTHORISED ENTRANT
• To have knowledge of hazards in the confined
space
• Declare his fitness in writing prior to entry into
confined space
• To use equipment require to perform job correctly
• To communicate with stand-by person regularly
and when he identify any dangerous situation or
prohibited condition
• To evacuate from confined space as quickly as
possible if required
12

13. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS
Employees should be certified physically and mentally fit by
OHD without health problems such as:
– Fits, blackout and faintings
– History of heart disease and heart disorder
– High blood pressure
– Asthma, bronchitis and shortness of breath
– Sensory problems: defective hearing, defective eyesight, defective sense of smell
– Meniere's Disease - giddiness & loss of balance
– Claustrophobia or other nervous disorders
– Back pain or joint trouble that limits mobility
– Any other disease or condition that may affect or endanger the person’s safety and health
13

14. Declaration Of Health Status by AE
14

15. Declaration by OHD
15

16. TRAINING
Code 12 Training
• Employer shall provide training to all employees
working in confined spaces before they are assigned
duties under this ICOP
• Retraining shall be provided every two (2) years for
AE, SP, AGT, ES or when there are changes in
assigned duties and / or confined space hazards
• Employer shall a keep record of the training
16

17. PERMIT TO WORK SYSTEM
• To prepare permit to work based on risks identified
• Entry supervisor may issue the permit after ensuring that:
– All hazards have been identified and controlled;
gas testing has been done, isolations have been
carried out, and LOTO if applicable
– All precautions have been taken, including
ventilation, communication, fire fighting and
emergency response
17

18. • All equipment and tools to be brought in are certified as fit
for the job
• The duration should be just sufficient to complete the work
• The entry supervisor or the authorized person to cancel the
permit if and when a condition that is not allowed under
the permit arises in or near the confined space
• The permit to be closed by the entry supervisor or
authorized person after the completion of the work
18
PERMIT TO WORK SYSTEM

19. PREPARATION FOR ENTRY
• Step 1: Request for Work by WL/PA
• Step 2(a): Isolation of Work Area
19

20. Step 2(b): Isolation of Confined Space
20
PREPARATION FOR ENTRY

21. Step 3(a): Initial Cleaning & Draining
 Potentially dangerous materials which may be trapped
in sludge, scale or other deposits, may be released when
disturbed or heat is applied
 Confined space should be allowed to return to
acceptable thermal environment prior to entry.
Step 3(b): PURGING
• After the cleaning, the confined space shall be cleared of
contaminants using suitable purging agents
• When flammable contaminants are to be purged,
precautions shall be taken to eliminate sources of
ignition, including static electricity discharges.
21
PREPARATION FOR ENTRY

22. Step 4: Initial Ventilation
• Ventilate all confined areas completely with normal air,
using recommended procedures even if no hazards were
detected during testing.
• Choose the best method for ventilation e.g. mechanical
ventilation, push-pull ventilation
22
PREPARATION FOR ENTRY

23. Step 5: Evaluation of the confined space conditions shall be
conducted as follows:-
23
PREPARATION FOR ENTRY
 Oxygen (OX) (<19.5%
or >23.5%)
 Explosive (EX) (above
10% LEL)
 Toxic (TOX) (above
PEL)

24. Step 6: Continuous Ventilation
Step 7(a): PPE for Confined Space Work
Step 7(b): Equipment to be prepared
24
PREPARATION FOR ENTRY

25. Step 8: Issuance of Permit to Work
25
PREPARATION FOR ENTRY

26. Step 9 : Entry and Work
26
PREPARATION FOR ENTRY

27. • What to do in case of emergency :
– Stand-by person to call for help immediately using walkie
talkie or phone asking for help from ERT or BOMBA, and for
medical aid
– Wait for help. Do not enter the confined space, do not leave
the area.
– Start ventilation equipment (if not already on) while waiting
– Rescue team must get casualties out speedily. Only workers
trained in rescue can enter the space for the purpose of rescue.
27
PREPARATION FOR ENTRY

28. Step 10: Work Completed
• Housekeeping
• Debriefing
• De-isolate, de-energize
• PTW closed
• Hand-over
28
PREPARATION FOR ENTRY

29. RESCUE AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURE
• The employer has to establish a rescue and first aid
procedure and provision of rescue equipment
• Rescue procedure should consider:
– The shape and size of confined space
– The nature of task to be performed
– Obstacles within confined space
– Size and position of the mean of ingress and egress
– Number of persons in confined space
– The number of stand-by persons required
29

30. • Created specifically for each potential accident or emergency
• Alarm:
– First alert of an emergency.
– Different types of alarms.
– Flashing lights – in noisy locations
– Automatic alarms
• Emergency Action: sequence of things to be done, decisions to
be made; flow chart, check lists prepared for reference.
• Evacuation, Rescue, First Aid
• Communication : Coordination and flow of information; only
one person in charge. Communication with involved parties and
with BOMBA, hospital etc
30
RESCUE AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURE

31. • An accident in a confined space
demands immediate action. One of
the most important goals of confined
space rescue training is learning to
work as a team.
31
Mechanical equipment is
required for rescue when the
depth is more than 1.5 m
RESCUE AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURE

32. EMERGENCY AND RESCUE
EQUIPMENT
• Suitable clothing
• Breathing and resuscitation apparatus
+ O2
• Safety harness + rope + tripod
• Torches, lamps
• Breathing apparatus – SCBA
• First aid equipment
• Audible alarm
• Communication sets
• Others…
32
RESCUE AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURE

33. SHORTFALLS
• Any system is only as good as the people who use it
• Some operators may be required to sign hundreds of PTW
documents at the start of shifts. It is so easy to fill out a tick
box, and not check it out at all, physically.
• Two thousand years ago workers were dying in confined
spaces due to asphyxiation. Sadly today, it is still
happening.
• Technological advances can and should stop this from
happening, but cost constraints mean that these equipment
are often not made available.
33

34. Amalkan Budaya Kerja
Selamat dan Sihat
34