The document discusses the linkages between achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), young people, and preventing HIV. It recommends that all stakeholders work together to provide comprehensive sexuality education and youth-friendly health services to young people, promote meaningful youth participation, and ensure access to treatment and services. This integrated approach is critical to achieving MDG 6 of combating HIV/AIDS.
Fourteen years ago I was asked to prepare the following document. After it was completed, the contractor asked me to re-do it because they had made a mistake in the age they wanted covered. [They seemed to believe the information was too sensitive politically] and buried the report. I'm submitting it here now to learn what the LinkedIn audience thinks. Is it time to update it?
An overview of the health situation of youth today is provided in this chapter, which also explores the serious health challenges this vulnerable group is facing with the context of local and global developments. Socio-economic, cultural, educational and other factors affecting young people’s health are examined, and reference is made to particular issues and areas of concern. Emphasis is given to the importance of involving young people in identifying problems and developing solutions to ensure that programmes, policies and health services address their needs.
In Africa, the concept of Guidance and Counseling although relatively new in educational systems, has been embraced by most governments. Although most African countries recognize the essential role of organized Guidance and Counseling Programmes, there are limited researches studies conducted to assess the effectiveness of the programmed services being implemented to improve the student’s decision making processes that lead to improved future benefits. Research is yet to identify gender specific strategies to positive psychosexual development in boys and girls that can promote safe reproductive health. A wide spread ignorance on the subject of sex is due to the fact that the subject has been surrounded with mystery and beclouded by dark silence. The result has increased curiosity and desire to acquire more knowledge on this forbidden subject; yet, the people entrusted with the responsibility of educating the adolescents on the subject have not made appropriate information readily available. The study investigated effectiveness of guidance and counselling programmes on academic achievement among public secondary school students in Bungoma South Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory postulated in 1986. A descriptive research design was used with target population of 52 guiding and counselling teachers. A sample of 16 participants was selected using, using 30% of Mugenda and Mugenda (2003) and randomly selected from 52 schools. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Results highlights teacher counselling and peer counselling were the most effective strategies in guidance and counselling as compared to students suspension and corporal punishment. More than half of guidance and counselling teachers asserted that schools had inadequate policy and manual procedures and code of ethics and regulation governing sexual behaviour. This paper points at need of guidance and counselling departments to develop policies and manual procedures on sex and relationship education that acts as a reference point to all members of the school. In addition, the Government should set up reproductive health institutions for the youth, promote peer counseling, talks by health providers in schools which has a bearing on students’ performance.
Fourteen years ago I was asked to prepare the following document. After it was completed, the contractor asked me to re-do it because they had made a mistake in the age they wanted covered. [They seemed to believe the information was too sensitive politically] and buried the report. I'm submitting it here now to learn what the LinkedIn audience thinks. Is it time to update it?
An overview of the health situation of youth today is provided in this chapter, which also explores the serious health challenges this vulnerable group is facing with the context of local and global developments. Socio-economic, cultural, educational and other factors affecting young people’s health are examined, and reference is made to particular issues and areas of concern. Emphasis is given to the importance of involving young people in identifying problems and developing solutions to ensure that programmes, policies and health services address their needs.
In Africa, the concept of Guidance and Counseling although relatively new in educational systems, has been embraced by most governments. Although most African countries recognize the essential role of organized Guidance and Counseling Programmes, there are limited researches studies conducted to assess the effectiveness of the programmed services being implemented to improve the student’s decision making processes that lead to improved future benefits. Research is yet to identify gender specific strategies to positive psychosexual development in boys and girls that can promote safe reproductive health. A wide spread ignorance on the subject of sex is due to the fact that the subject has been surrounded with mystery and beclouded by dark silence. The result has increased curiosity and desire to acquire more knowledge on this forbidden subject; yet, the people entrusted with the responsibility of educating the adolescents on the subject have not made appropriate information readily available. The study investigated effectiveness of guidance and counselling programmes on academic achievement among public secondary school students in Bungoma South Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory postulated in 1986. A descriptive research design was used with target population of 52 guiding and counselling teachers. A sample of 16 participants was selected using, using 30% of Mugenda and Mugenda (2003) and randomly selected from 52 schools. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Results highlights teacher counselling and peer counselling were the most effective strategies in guidance and counselling as compared to students suspension and corporal punishment. More than half of guidance and counselling teachers asserted that schools had inadequate policy and manual procedures and code of ethics and regulation governing sexual behaviour. This paper points at need of guidance and counselling departments to develop policies and manual procedures on sex and relationship education that acts as a reference point to all members of the school. In addition, the Government should set up reproductive health institutions for the youth, promote peer counseling, talks by health providers in schools which has a bearing on students’ performance.
População e Desenvolvimento na Agenda do Cairo: balanço e desafiosAlice Junqueira
Texto para a Edição 13 da publicação Watchdog Youth Coalition (Abril de 2014)
[POR]
A Youth Coalition é uma organização internacional de jovens (de 18 a 29 anos) comprometida com a promoção dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos de adolescentes e jovens nos níveis nacional, regional e internacional. Somos estudantes, pesquisadores, advogados, profissionais de saúde, educadores, agentes de desenvolvimento e, o mais importante, somos todos ativistas dedicados.
[ENG]
Youth Coalition is an international organization of young people (ages 18-29 years) committed to promoting adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive rights at the national, regional and international levels. We are students, researchers, lawyers, health care professionals, educators, development workers, and most importantly, we are all dedicated activists.
http://www.youthcoalition.org/
Advocacy document to attract and promote attention to adolescent health and development issues. Based on the principles of the WHO/UNFPA/UNICEF framework for country programming. Death, disability and illness due to four adolescent health issues are explored: sexual and reproductive health, tobacco and other substance use, suicide and road traffic accidents. Central to the discussions of these health issues are the connections to be made between them and the principles for action at country level.
Poverty, Sexual Practices and Vulnerability of Female Sex Workers to HIV/AIDS...John Bako
The prevalence of HIV among Female who sell sex in Nigeria has witnessed a sharp decline between 2007 to 2014.
The decline was recorded both amidst BBFSWs (30.2% in 2007 to 19.4% in 2014) and NBFSWs (37.4% in 2007 to 8.6 in 2014)
This decline can be attributed to National programmatic response towards achieving universal access to HIV/AIDS preventions in Nigeria.
Source : http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/storage/advfy/documents/policybrief_africanregionalagreements.pdf
THe AfricAn YouTH cHArTer HAs noT been siGned or rATified bY:
• Algeria
• Botswana
• Cape Verde
• Eritrea
• Madagascar
• Malawi
• Mauritania
• Seychelles
• Somalia
• Swaziland
Access to confidential care is critical for adolescents and young adults, particularly those seeking sensitive services, including sexual and reproductive health, mental health and substance abuse services. Implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) brings new opportunities and challenges for adolescents and young adults.
Authors: Sara Daniel, MPH, Jan Malvin, PhD, Carolyn B. Jasik, MD, Claire D. Brindis, DrPH
Global Medical Cures™ | HIV among YOUTH
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women in Nepal (SRHR)WOREC Nepal
The purpose of this brief is to highlight the status of sexual and reproductive health rights of women in Nepal, discuss the gaps and challenges in the policies to address the ground realities of women with sexual and reproductive needs and to ensure their rights. As the brief includes the ‘voices’ of grassroot women and stakeholders, it is expected to demand accountability and changes in direction where it is urgently needed and suggest changes or strengthening as necessary at different levels, including the upcoming International Conference on Population and Development. (ICPD)+20.
The cards also contain recommendations for inclusion of SRHR in the post-2015 development framework. The briefing cards were developed by partners in the Universal Access Project, which aims to bolster the U.S. government’s support for international reproductive health and family planning. However, the cards are not specific to a U.S. policy context so their content will be useful for a wide range of advocates as we move toward intergovernmental negotiations and continue to make the case with governments about the importance of ensuring the comprehensive inclusion of sexual and reproductive health and rights within the post-2015 development framework.
População e Desenvolvimento na Agenda do Cairo: balanço e desafiosAlice Junqueira
Texto para a Edição 13 da publicação Watchdog Youth Coalition (Abril de 2014)
[POR]
A Youth Coalition é uma organização internacional de jovens (de 18 a 29 anos) comprometida com a promoção dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos de adolescentes e jovens nos níveis nacional, regional e internacional. Somos estudantes, pesquisadores, advogados, profissionais de saúde, educadores, agentes de desenvolvimento e, o mais importante, somos todos ativistas dedicados.
[ENG]
Youth Coalition is an international organization of young people (ages 18-29 years) committed to promoting adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive rights at the national, regional and international levels. We are students, researchers, lawyers, health care professionals, educators, development workers, and most importantly, we are all dedicated activists.
http://www.youthcoalition.org/
Advocacy document to attract and promote attention to adolescent health and development issues. Based on the principles of the WHO/UNFPA/UNICEF framework for country programming. Death, disability and illness due to four adolescent health issues are explored: sexual and reproductive health, tobacco and other substance use, suicide and road traffic accidents. Central to the discussions of these health issues are the connections to be made between them and the principles for action at country level.
Poverty, Sexual Practices and Vulnerability of Female Sex Workers to HIV/AIDS...John Bako
The prevalence of HIV among Female who sell sex in Nigeria has witnessed a sharp decline between 2007 to 2014.
The decline was recorded both amidst BBFSWs (30.2% in 2007 to 19.4% in 2014) and NBFSWs (37.4% in 2007 to 8.6 in 2014)
This decline can be attributed to National programmatic response towards achieving universal access to HIV/AIDS preventions in Nigeria.
Source : http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/storage/advfy/documents/policybrief_africanregionalagreements.pdf
THe AfricAn YouTH cHArTer HAs noT been siGned or rATified bY:
• Algeria
• Botswana
• Cape Verde
• Eritrea
• Madagascar
• Malawi
• Mauritania
• Seychelles
• Somalia
• Swaziland
Access to confidential care is critical for adolescents and young adults, particularly those seeking sensitive services, including sexual and reproductive health, mental health and substance abuse services. Implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) brings new opportunities and challenges for adolescents and young adults.
Authors: Sara Daniel, MPH, Jan Malvin, PhD, Carolyn B. Jasik, MD, Claire D. Brindis, DrPH
Global Medical Cures™ | HIV among YOUTH
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women in Nepal (SRHR)WOREC Nepal
The purpose of this brief is to highlight the status of sexual and reproductive health rights of women in Nepal, discuss the gaps and challenges in the policies to address the ground realities of women with sexual and reproductive needs and to ensure their rights. As the brief includes the ‘voices’ of grassroot women and stakeholders, it is expected to demand accountability and changes in direction where it is urgently needed and suggest changes or strengthening as necessary at different levels, including the upcoming International Conference on Population and Development. (ICPD)+20.
The cards also contain recommendations for inclusion of SRHR in the post-2015 development framework. The briefing cards were developed by partners in the Universal Access Project, which aims to bolster the U.S. government’s support for international reproductive health and family planning. However, the cards are not specific to a U.S. policy context so their content will be useful for a wide range of advocates as we move toward intergovernmental negotiations and continue to make the case with governments about the importance of ensuring the comprehensive inclusion of sexual and reproductive health and rights within the post-2015 development framework.
Here are 10 simple steps for you to be involved in 10 DoA...
If you want to JOIN 10 DoA, please email at 10daysofactivism@gmail.com no later than 5 JUNE 2011
Gender Based Violence Teaching Guide for Suha and Karim Y-PEER Hacioglu
The short-film “Suha” was produced as a form of entertainment-education,
or edutainment, to inform viewers and advocate for change. It grew out of
Y-PEER’s diverse experience in the entertainment education field.
Suha & Karim movie can be reached at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1__HclekxI
The Effectiveness of HIV/Aids Education in Promoting Interventions for A Supp...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: HIV/AIDS education is supposed to not only be a medium of creating awareness but also most importantly promote practices and skills to enable HIV prevention among youth in schools. This article reports on a study whose purpose was to assess the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS education in promoting interventions for a supportive environment in secondary schools. Specifically, the study sought to find out the extent to which interventions for a supportive environment for HIV/AIDS prevention were emphasized to youth; and explore the factors that influenced the promotion of the interventions. The study focused on youth involvement, parental involvement and HIV/AIDS prevention friendly school policies. The findings of the study established that the potential of the youth in enabling HIV/AIDS prevention among their fellow peers was not fully exploited. Parental involvement was low especially among the fathers. Parents rarely engaged in discussions on topics that dealt with sexuality. HIV/AIDS prevention friendly policies were ineffectively promoted in schools. Factors that influenced the promotion of the interventions were explored.
AIDSTAR-One Evidence-Based Approaches to Protecting Adolescent Girls at Risk ...AIDSTAROne
Despite decades of investment in HIV prevention, a large and vulnerable population—adolescent girls—remains invisible, underserved, and at disproportionate risk of HIV.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/gender/resources/spotlight/evidence_based_approaches_protecting_adolescent_girls_risk_hiv
Background: Incidence and prevalence of reproductive health difficulties have been shown to be higher among younger people. In Ghana, youthfriendly sexual and reproductive health services and facilities are very limited. The study aimed at examining the friendliness of sexual and reproductive health service delivery and utilization.
Methods: Across sectional design with both qualitative and quantitative methods was conducted to examine the friendliness and utilization of reproductive health services among youth in the Kwadaso Sub-Metro of Ashanti Region, Ghana. A multistage stratified sampling was used to enroll 170 youth (150 in-school and 20 out of school youth) aged 10 - 24years. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics using SPSS software version 20.
Results: Findings demonstrated that out of the 150 in-school youth sampled, 56% ever had a boyfriend or girlfriend, however, about one third(39.3%) did not recall the length of stay with partner, 58% have heard about sexual reproductive health services offered in the study area. A total of 55.8% of all categories of youth had used at least one or more reproductive health service before. Findings again revealed that 37.2% and 44% respectively of youth who had used sexual reproductive health considered the services received at a facility to be very friendly and friendly, yet, a few 18.6% indicated unfriendliness with services received at the facility.
Conclusion: An integrative and comprehensive approach is required to scale up youth utilization of sexual reproductive health services especially facility based. This requires baseline survey of youth users of reproductive health services and the quality of services offered.
HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES IN UGANDA PRESENTATIONThomas Owondo
Traditional cultural practices: They reflect values & beliefs held by members of a community for periods often spanning generations. Some are beneficial, some have neither benefits nor harms, and some are harmful to a specific group e.g. Female Genital Mutilation & child marriage.
Female genital mutilation (FGM): Any procedure that involves the partial or total removal of external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.
Child marriage: Formal marriage or informal union before the age of 18 years.
Harmful traditional practices among adolescents are an important problem:
Over 200 million girls & women are estimated to be living with the effects of FGM which is predominantly performed on girls under the age of 18 years.
Every year, about 12 million girls are married before the age of 18.
Harmful traditional practices among adolescents can have serious health & social consequences:
FGM has no known health benefits,. It can cause immediate health consequences - hemorrhage, shock, infections & death & can cause long-term health & social consequences such as post-traumatic stress disorder & menstrual health problems. Women with type III FGM have an increased likelihood of experiencing problems during child birth. Babies born to children with FGM are at increased risk of neonatal complications.
Child marriage often leads to early childbearing in young girls which is associated with an increased risk of pregnancy-related mortality & morbidity and of increased risk of mortality and morbidity in babies born to a adolescent mothers. Child marriage is also associated with an increased risk of intimate partner violence. Finally, it has a negative effect on educational attainment.
art & science sexual healthUsing peer education projects t.docxjewisonantone
art & science sexual health
Using peer education projects to
prevent HIV/AIDS in young people
Campbell S (2005) Using peer education projects to prevent HIV/AIDS in young people. Nursing
Standard. 20,10, 50-55. Date of acceptance: December 6 2004.
SummarY
This article discusses the use of peer education to reduce sexually
transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency
virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, in young people. I t
describes experiences gained from a peer education project for
young people in Uganda,
Author
Sue Campbell is a freelance writer in Kampala, Uganda,
Email: Masc(@)utlonline.co,ug
AIDS; Health education; Peer education
These keywords are based on the subject headings from the British
Nursing Index, This article has been subject to double-blind review.
For related articles and author guidelines visit our online archive at
www.nursing-standard.co.uk and search using the keywords.
MORE THAN half of people newly infected with
the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
worldwide are aged 15-24 years (United Nations
Children's Fund (UNICEF) etal 2002).
Empowering young people with the basic human
right of reproductive choice is, therefore,
critically important.
Over the past decade there has been a growing
interest in involving young people as peer
educators in health education in the UK,
particularly in the area of sexual health (Health
Education Board for Scotland (HEBS) 2003),
Peer education approaches offer the possibility
of changing behaviour and increasing knowledge
to prevent HIV, This article explains what a peer
education approach is and gives guidance on
how to develop a project focused on young
people. Although the author's experience of
developing peer education projects in Uganda for
HIV prevention is discussed, some of the
principles can be transferred to working with
young people in the UK,
Young people are at the centre of the global
HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS) pandemic. They are also a key human
resource for the future wellbeing of communities.
Each day nearly 6,000 young people aged from
5 0 november 16 :: vol 20 no 10 :: 2005
15-24 years become infected with HIV (UNICEF
etal2002). Educating young people about HIV,
and teaching them skills in negotiation, conflict
resolution, critical thinking, decision-making and
communication improve their self-confidence
and ability to make informed choices, for
example, postponing sex until they are mature
enough to protect themselves from HIV, other
sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and
unwanted pregnancies (UNICEF ef a/2002).
In 2003, an estimated 4,1 per cent of adults in
Uganda and 0,2 per cent in the UK were living
with HIV/AIDS (Joint United Nations
Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 1999,
UNAIDSAJNICEFAVorld Health Organization
(WHO) 2004), Factors that encourage the spread
of HIV/AIDS among young people in Uganda
include (Government of Uganda 1999):
• Sociocultural issues, including attitudes among
peer groups about ea.
Similar a The linkages between the MDGs, Young People and HIV (20)
Here are 10 simple steps for you to be involved in 10 DoA...
If you want to JOIN 10 DoA, please email at 10daysofactivism@gmail.com no later than 5 JUNE 2011
Here are 10 simple steps for you to be involved in 10 DoA...
If you want to JOIN 10 DoA, please email at 10daysofactivism@gmail.com no later than 5 JUNE 2011
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Maxilla, Mandible & Hyoid Bone & Clinical Correlations by Dr. RIG.pptx
The linkages between the MDGs, Young People and HIV
1. The linkages between the MDGs, Young People and HIV
Recommendations
The linkages between the MDGs, Prevention of HIV
Young People and HIV Due to a lack of comprehensive sexuality education and youth friendly services, and to To achieve MDG 6, it is important for all stakeholders to work together in recognizing
the important linkages between the Millennium Development Goals, young people
non-supportive social and policy environments shaped by poverty, gender inequality, stig-
ma and discrimination, young people are often unable to protect themselves from HIV in- and HIV. Thus, the Youth Coalition, an international organization of young people
fection. For this reason, when we talk about HIV prevention among young people, we must working for sexual and reproductive rights, calls on government, donors, and civil
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), agreed upon by govern-
address it within a broader discussion of their sexual and reproductive health and rights. society organizations to:
ments of the world in the year 2000, have set the priorities for interna-
tional development for the past decade. In the 10 years since the MDG Research has identified that effective sexuality education and HIV prevention programs 1. Provide non-discriminatory, rights-based and gender sensitive comprehensive
targets were set, analysis indicates that there is still progress to be made could affect multiple behaviours and/or achieve positive health impacts among young peo- sexuality education including HIV education to young people in and out of school
on key issues relating to young people’s sexual and reproductive health ple. Those positive health impacts include: delay the first sex; reduce the frequency of sex; including those youth most at risk.10
and rights. The Youth Coalition addresses some of these issues in this decrease the number of new partners; decreased incidence of unprotected sex as well as
increase the usage of condoms and contraception.4,5 In addition, these programs also lead 2. Promote meaningful youth participation in all levels of programmes including de-
factsheet.1
to lower STI and/or pregnancy rates among young people.6 sign, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, policy, and in the decision making
processes related to young people’s sexual and reproductive health and rights.
Focusing on young people is critical to achieving MDG 6 As a result, it is important to ensure that evidence-based information, comprehensive
sexuality education, youth friendly services and reliable supplies of health commodities 3. Ensure that young people have access to youth friendly sexual and reproductive
are provided to young people in order to protect their sexual and reproductive health and health services and supplies that meet the needs of all young people, particularly
In 2007, 33 million people were infected with HIV.2 Young people aged 15-24 account marginalized groups, including but not limited to young people who use drugs, young
for an estimated 45% of new infections worldwide.3 As the largest generation of rights.7
sex workers, young men who have sex with men, young prisoners, young women
young people in history, over 1 billion young people start their sexual and reproduc- and girls.
tive lives in a world where HIV is a reality. An integrated approach to their sexual and
reproductive health and rights is crucial to achieving MDG 6. Meaningful youth participation
4. Ensure that young people living with HIV have access to affordable and sustainable
antiretroviral treatment, care and support from society, community and family.
In order to achieve an effective HIV response among young people, the need for meaningful
youth participation has been recognized by international commitments and declarations
5. Remove restricted laws and policies that prevent young people from accessing
MDG Goal 6: Combat HIV and AIDS, malaria and other diseases including the Programme of Action (PoA) of the International Conference on Population and
sexual and reproductive health information, education and services, such as parental
Development (ICPD) and the Declaration of Commitments signed during the United Nations
and age consent.
Target 6a: Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV and AIDS General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) on HIV in 2001.
6. Disaggregate data by gender, marital status and age specifically related to HIV
6.1 HIV prevalence among population aged 15-24 years • The 1994 ICPD Programme of Action states that all countries should involve young
and young people so that it can be collected and tracked in order to develop stronger
6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex people in all levels of the programmes and decision making processes that affect their
evidence-based programmes and policies.
6.3 Proportion of population aged 15-24 years with comprehensive sexual and reproductive lives.8
correct knowledge of HIV and AIDS
7. Monitor the implementation of national, regional and global commitments related
6.4 Ratio of school attendance of orphans to school attendance of • The Declaration of Commitment on HIV and AIDS, signed during the 2001 UNGASS,
to young people, sexual and reproductive health and rights and HIV, including the
non-orphans aged 10-14 years calls on states to acknowledge the particular role and significant contributions of young
Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the Convention on the Elimination
people and to recognize that their full involvement and participation in the design, plan-
of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), and use the information for
Target 6b: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV ning, implementation and evaluation of programmes is crucial to the development of
advocacy and to hold governments accountable.
and AIDS for all those who need it effective responses to the HIV and AIDS epidemic.9
6.5 Proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access 8. Support young people, especially at risk youth, and demand increased access to
to antiretroviral drugs sexual and reproductive health services, information and supplies, including male
and female condoms, as well as emergency contraception and post exposure pro-
phylaxis.
2. 190 Maclaren Street, Suite 200
The linkages between the MDGs, Young People and HIV Ottawa, Ontario, K2P 0L6 Canada
Telephone: + 613-562-3522 / Fax: + 613-562-7941
admin@youthcoalition.org / www.youthcoalition.org
9. Remove legal and policy provisions that restrict the freedom of people living with References
HIV and AIDS in any way; since this is a form of direct discrimination and the effect
is counterproductive. 1. For more information about the Millennium Development Goals, please visit the web- 7. For more information on Comprehensive Sexuality Education, please read the
site: http://www.undp.org/mdg/ Youth Coalition factsheet, The linkages between the MDGs and Comprehensive
10. Increase research specifically related to HIV and AIDS and youth, as well as pro- Sexuality Education.
grammes and campaigns that address discrimination and stigma, in order to build 2. UNAIDS: 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic
strong evidence-based programmes and policies. 8. For more information on ICPD, please visit http://www.unfpa.org/public/icpd
3. Ibid.
9. For more information on the Declaration of Commitment on HIV and AIDS, please
4. Kirby D. Emerging Answers: Research Findings on Programs to Reduce Teen Pregnancy. visit http://www.un.org/ga/aids/coverage/FinalDeclarationHIVAIDS.html
Learn More
Washington, DC: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2001.
10. ‘At risk youth’ include but are not limited to young sex workers, young people
For more information about the MDGs and young people, please read Learning to
5. Kirby D et al. Impact of Sex and HIV Education Programs on Sexual Behaviors of Youth who use drugs, young men who have sex with men and young women.
Speak MDGs - 2nd edition produced by the Youth Coalition for Sexual and Reproduc-
tive Rights, available for download on our website: www.youthcoalition.org. in Developing and Developed Countries. [Youth Research Working Paper, No. 2] Research
Triangle Park, NC: Family Health International, 2005.
6. Alford S. Science and Success, Second Edition: Sex Education and Other Programs that
Acknowledgements Work to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, HIV & Sexually Transmitted Infections. Washington, DC:
Advocates for Youth, 2008.
The Youth Coalition would like to acknowledge the support of CHOICE for Youth and
Sexuality and YouAct in the development of this factsheet.
About the Youth Coalition
Youth Coalition is an international organization of young people (ages 15-29 years)
committed to promoting adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive rights at the
national, regional and international levels. We are students, researchers, lawyers,
health care professionals, educators, development workers, and most importantly,
we are all dedicated activists.
The Youth Coalition aims to ensure that the sexual and reproductive rights of all
young people are respected, guaranteed and promoted, and strives to secure the
meaningful participation of young people in decision-making that affects their lives,
by advocating, generating knowledge, sharing information, building partnerships and
training young activists.