Solar

1. Nanostructures

2. Nanostructures
• Specific growth conditions lead to different structures with
different properties
• Nanowires/Nanotubes
• Nanobelts
• Nanocombs
• Nanosprings
• Nanocages
• Nanoflowers
• Nanoflakes
• Nanohelix
• Nanoneedles
• 1D structures
• Diameter: 1-100 nanometers (10-9 m)
• Length: microns (10-6 m)
• Typical aspect ratios of 1000 or more.
• Nanorods: small aspect ratios
• Nanowires: large aspect ratios

3. Why Zinc Oxide?
Why
ZnO?
Could be prepared at low
temperature with high
quality/performance
Act as traps for the electrons
and guarantee a better
efficiency
Easy to perform, economical
& and very abundant on the
earth's crust
Introduce an additional
energy levels inside
the oxide band gap.
Solves the problem related to
photo-corrosion of zinc oxide
which becomes more stable
High thermal & excellent
chemical stability and good
electrical conductivity
Can be produced in various
shapes with different
deposition technique

4. What is HSCs?
HYBRIDSOLARCELLS(HSCs)
 Combine advantages of both organic/polymers and inorganic semiconductors.
 Consist of conjugated polymers that absorb light as the donor and transport holes.
 Inorganic materials are used as the acceptor and electron transporter in the structure.
 Have a potential for low-cost by roll-to-roll processing but also for scalable solar power conversion.
 It mimics the photosynthesis process by absorbing natural light.
 A promising solution to future energy concerns because of their material and simple structure
 The performance was determined by photoconversion efficiency in percentage (%)

5. Applications of HSCs
Building Integrated Photovoltaic Indoor Appliances Mobile Charger
Hyundai Blue Will Concept Car
Roof Mounted DSSCs
Solar Backpack
Solar Tent
Flexible DSSCs for Military

6. Problemsof HSCs
Bilayer Structure HSCs
 Low power conversion efficiency due to the limited D/A
interface area; poor mixing) [Brian R. Saunders et al].
 The conjugated polymers have short exciton diffusion
lengths (4–20 nm) [M. Theander et al].
The morphology structure which was fixed by the oriented
nanostructures can provide the device with a good stability.
Vertically aligned electron acceptor channels normally improve
the device performance by facilitating the transport of charge
carriers to electrodes and minimizing the charge recombination.
Objectives
Problems & Objectives
Bulk Heterojunction HSCs
 Disordered structures lead to a serious recombination
and instability of the morphological structure in the
active layer [J. Bouclé et al].
 High level of recombination of free electrons with
oxidized dye molecules that is caused by low electron
transfers [K.M. Coakley et al].
 To synthesize self-organized and vertically aligned ZAO
nanowires by microwave assisted sonication approach.
 To fabricate ordered architecture of HSCs using vertically
aligned ZAO nanowires