1. MOTIVATION, WELLBEING
AND THE HAPPINESS ECONOMY
How the industry might take
advantage of the wellbeing
movement
Wellbeing
• What it is?
• Why seek it?
• What’s happening to it?
• How is it measured?
• How can it be improved?
The fitness industry
• Always changing
• Needs a new model
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• The local ‘Wellbeing Centre’
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2. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Dr Tim
• Medical Doctor
• Taught on ACSM special pops
• Helped develop:
– NHS clinical exercise unit
– Peckham Pulse and HLC’s
– Boots Wellbeing Centre
• LGM for DH
• Wellbeing advisors for Nuffield and BUPA
• Working with NCSI
g
• Pole vaulted for GB
• Gladiators Contender
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
“A positive physical, social
and mental state”
Requiring
• basic needs are met
• a sense of purpose
• feeling able to achieve important personal goals
• feeling able to participate in society”
society
DEFRA (2010)
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3. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
“a dynamic state”
in which the individual is able to....
• develop their potential
• work productively and creatively
• build strong and positive relationships
• contribute to their community
Foresight Review (2008)
and NEF
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
What do most people want?
• Happiness
• Wellbeingg
• Success
• Resilience
• Meaning and
purpose
• Years to live
• Stress
• Heartache
• Ill-health
• Weight
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4. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
The ‘Summum Bonum’
The Prime Good
happiness
Fitness Travel Work
attractiveness House Money Kids
Car Sex Job Drugs
Marriage Food Wine
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
What is
happiness?
 Is it the same as pleasure ?
Is it the same as pleasure ?
 How long does it last ?
 Do some people have more
than others?
 Does your level vary over
time?
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5. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Negative Psychology
Most psychology research since the war has
focused on the negative – what’s wrong with
people:
depression, anxiety, criminality,
alcoholism, OCD, eating disorders,
personality disorders, suicide,
anger,
anger etc
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Topics in psychology journal articles
1887 to 2001
Topic number Topic number
anger
g 9,760
, j y
joy 1,021
,
anxiety 65,531 life satisfaction 4,129
depression 79,154 happiness 3,522
fear 20,868 courage 781
treatment 207,110 prevention 31,019
17 : 1
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6. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Psych Abstracts
citations for:
Articles
- Well-Being 800
- Life Satisfaction
- Happiness
pp
600
400
200
0
78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89
Psychological abstracts year
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
The Science of Wellbeing
“The field of Psychology has, since World
War 2, become a science and practice of
healing. It concentrates on repairing
g p g
damage within a disease model of human
functioning
“I proposed changing the focus of the science
and the profession from repairing the worst
things in life to understanding and building Martin Seligman
the
th qualities that make life worth living.
liti th t k lif th li i President of APA in year 1998
d f 998
“I call this new orientation “Positive Psychology.”
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7. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
The concerns of Positive
Psychology
• Positive emotional states
• Lives that go well
• Optimal human functioning
• Human thriving and
flourishing
• Human strengths and
resilience
• Institutions which foster
and enable the above
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
So…
What have we
discovered so far?
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8. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Nuns Diaries
 Nuns entering a convent in 1932 wrote
short personal life sketches
 Researchers read these stories and
classified the Nuns according to how
cheerful they were
 They then looked at which nuns had
died, and which were still living
 90% of “
f “most cheerful” alive at 85
t h f l” li t
compared to 34% of “least cheerful”
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Smiles
• Researchers looked at the
type of smile people wore
in college photos from
1960
• Some had true smiles,
some had “false”smiles
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9. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Smiles
• Women contacted at age 27, 43
and 52.
• Genuine smilers were more
likely to:
• Have high levels of well-
being
• Be and stay married
• “good looks” had nothing to do
with good marriage or life
satisfaction
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Immune Function
• Positive emotions boost
immune function
function.
• One study showed that
people that reported more
frequent positive emotions
were at less risk for
developing the common cold
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10. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Heart Disease
• A 10-year study of
1,306
1 306 men showed that
h d h
Optimism reduced the
risk of cardiac events
by 50%.
• The same as the
difference between
smokers and non-
k d
smokers.
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Surgical recovery
 Study of people having
cardiac surgery (bypass
grafting)
 Optimists recovered better
 Optimist were less likely
to be re-admitted with
 Chest wall Infections
 Angina
 Heart Attacks
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11. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Survival
• 10 year follow-up
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study of older people
• Those experiencing
fewer positive
emotions were more
likely to die over the
10 year period.
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Happiness is good for you
• Happy people tend to:
– Have better health
– Have stronger immune systems
– Live longer
– Be more successful
– Have more rewarding relationships
– Cope better with stress and loss
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12. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Your happiness benefits others
• Happy people tend to be:
– More kind and helpful
– More fun to be with
– Less selfish
– More co-operative
• Happy work teams are
– more creative
– mo e productive and
more p od cti e
– less costly
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13. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
What’s happening
to wellbeing?
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
The Easterlin Paradox
USA: 1946-1989
Peoples real
income has gone
up in many
nations over the
last 40 years
income
Yet levels of
happiness seem
happiness
h i to have stayed the
same
Source: Diener et al 1999
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14. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Question:
Taken all together, how would you say things are these days, would
you say that you are very happy, pretty happy, or not too happy?
Source:
General Social
Survey 1972-2004
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
USA
20 year trends
GPD
France
Life satisfaction
Japan
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15. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Alcohol Problems
• Growing number
of alcohol related
deaths
• Huge increases
in binge drinking
• Over 1 million
children affected
by parental
alcohol problems
(Strategy Unit, 2004).
Debt
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
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16. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Depression
• Becoming more common
• 3rd leading cause of lost years of
“Quality of Life”
• ranking above cancers, stroke,
diabetes, and obstructive lung
disease
• Predicted by World Health
Organisation to be the leading burden
of disease in developed nations by
2020
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Why, despite real increases in
income and wealth over the last
40 years, are we seeing rises in
various forms of unhappiness –
including obesity, drug use and
depression?
p
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How measured?
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(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Subjective 3 components:
Wellbeing 1. Frequent p
q pleasant
Emotions
2. Infrequent unpleasant
Emotions
Pleasant Unpleasant Satisfaction
emotions emotions with Life 3. Good Satisfaction with
Life
• Contentment • Sadness • Overall
• Happiness • Worry • Health • Overall
• Hope • Anger • Appearance • Different aspects
• Joy • Hate • Love life
• Love • Shame • Work
• Friendship • Guilt • Neighbourhood
• Curiosity • Stress • Meaning
• etc
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19. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Where does
happiness come
from?
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Genes
 Studies of families and
twins who have been
“adopted away” (and
adopted away
grow up in different
environments) suggest
that our genes
contribute about
50% of our
happiness levels
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20. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Circumstances
• Make a difference
• Not as much as people
think
• Where we live, our
age, our sex, etc only
contribute perhaps
10-15% towards our
happiness levels
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
choices
 A big chunk of our happiness
(~35%) is determined by our:
Behaviour
Attitudes
Thinking patterns
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21. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Where does SWB
come from?
Circumstances
10-15%
Set point
50%
Choices, activities and
behaviours
35-40%
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
The Happiness Formula
H=S+C+V
Volition
Set point
Things we
Circumstances choose to do
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22. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Vicious and virtuous circles
Downward and upward spirals
Wellbeing and More positive
Performance relationships
level
happiness
• Lose job optimism
• Start drinking health
• Relationship break up
p p success
• Become angry
• Problems with law
• Lose house
• etc
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
How to
Flourish?
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23. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Do these for two months and see the difference they make!
1. Get physical
Exercise for half an hour three times a week
2. Count your blessings
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Making Slough
At the end of each day, reflect on at least five things you’re grateful for
Happy
H
3. Talk time
Have an hour-long uninterrupted conversation with your partner or
closest friend each week
4. Plant something
Even if its a window box or pot plant. Keep it alive!
5. Cut your TV viewing by half
6. Smile at and/or say hello to a stranger
At least once each day
7. Phone a friend
7 Ph fi d
Make contact with at least one friend or relation you have not been in
contact for a while and arrange to meet up
8. Have a good laugh at least once a day
9. Every day make sure you give yourself a treat
Take time to really enjoy this
10. Daily kindness
Do an extra good turn for someone each day
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Dr Tim’s top 20 tips protecting
and improving wellbeing
• Discover and use your strengths • Live in harmony with your values
• Notice good things • Reduce unhelpful thinking
• Cultivate gratitude • Learn to be
• Build friendships • Get involved
• Increase contact with nature • Acts of kindness
• Become more active • Savouring
• Make progress towards valued goals • Watch less TV
• Experience more “flow” • Reduce materialism
• Stop rating yourself • Develop resilience
• Cultivate forgiveness and let go of • Seek help
grudges
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
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What does this mean
for the sector ?
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
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25. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
The future of fitness…
Is not
fitness
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
LTC?
14m
12%?
Poor
wellbeing? GP?
20m
Counselling?
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Education sector?
Motivational seminar?
Religion?
Person seeking
more wellbeing
New age?
g
Life coach?
Community wellbeing
Centre?
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26. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Wellbeing
Centre ?
• Health coaches
• Wellbeing coaches
g
• Wellbeing programmes
Health • On-line support
Club • Skills development
• Classes • Classes
• Programmes • Programmes
Gym • Advice • Advice
• Activities • Activities
• Referrals • Referrals
• Instructor • Instructor • Instructor
• Kit • Kit • Kit
• Changing • Changing • Changing
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
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Health and
wellbeing coach?
• Assesses health and wellbeing
Fitness • Identifies strengths
instructor • Clarifies values
• Coaches and guides
• Fitness assessment • Empowers and activates
• Gym inductions • Collaborates and informs
• Creates
C t programmes • Builds self-efficacy
• Reviews progress • Cognitive-behavioural skills training
• Walks floor • Positive psychology exercises
• Takes classes • Tracks progress
• Telehealth coaching and e-wellbeing support
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Its been tried before…..
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28. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
The “instruments of health”
1936
“the health doctor, just like the sickness doctor, needs
tools, but they are of a very different kind - the gymnasium, the
swimming pool, the cafeteria and so on. It is natural that the
instruments of health should be varied because health covers a
very wide field and includes physical, medical, social and even
economic life..”
Lucy Crocker
Biologist and “curator of the instruments of health”.
Pioneer Centre Annual Report 1936.
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
The Peckham
• Family oriented facility
Experiment
• Established before the
war by two physicians in
South London
• Believed proper social
and physical
environments were key to
a persons long-term
health
• Saw themselves as
biologists,
biologists trying to:
“create the right
conditions for
health to emerge”
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29. (c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Conclusions....
• Millions lack wellbeing and aren’t sure where to find it
• The NHS may not be the best place to go
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• The fitness industry could be....
• This will need:
– New eyes
– New mindsets
– New skills
– Leadership
The UK could evolve the world’s first
National Health and Wellbeing System
(c) Dr tim anstiss 2011
Thank you
Dr Tim Anstiss
drtim@appliedwellbeing.com
www.academyforhealthcoaching.co.uk
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07973 255946
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