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SMARTCITY STRATEGICPROGRAM
ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
Smart City
ISMB
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
Smart City Strategic Program › 3
› CONTENT LIST
INDEX
ISMB’s Smart City Strategic Program
SIMUL@
CS-VisualLab
Smart Parking
AURORA
Local Energy Communities
Scientific Publications
Smart City and More
PAGE
4
7
10
15
19
22
24
25
4 › Smart City Strategic Program
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
› ISMB'S SMART CITY
STRATEGIC PROGRAM
Francesco FERRERO
Head of the Smart City Strategic Program
Istituto Superiore Mario Boella
fferrero@ismb.it
+39 011 22 76 805
www.ismb.it/en/smart_city
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
Smart City Strategic Program › 5
The term “Smart City” is not new, and not an
easy one to characterize. There is no universally
accepted definition, but an authentic multitude
of definitions, not always consistent, which tend
to highlight different aspects of a problem with
many facets. Despite this proliferation of interpre-
tations, the essence of the Smart City issue is for
us relatively simple: since we are in the presence
of a strong concentration of the human popula-
tion in urban areas (a growing phenomenon in
Europe and even more so in emerging areas of
the world), cities are the place of the world where
the bulk of the consumption of energy and non-
renewable resources is concentrated. This implies
that the innovations that must guide us towards a
new model of sustainable development should be
experimented first of all within cities, where they
may cause more benefits. A Smart City will be
therefore a city that is able to activate an integrat-
ed and interdisciplinary approach to its planning
and management, with the aim of reaching the
target of triple sustainability, i.e. social, economic
and environmental sustainability at the same time.
or coordinators, into several EU, national and
regional projects, approaching the Smart City
issue from different angles. We recall as an
example: ALMANAC, to develop an adaptive,
scalable and secure platform to realize Internet of
Things (IoT) applications for smart cities, BUTLER
(uBiquitous, secUre inTernet-of-things with Loca-
tion and contEx-awaReness), to model bundles
of applications, functions and services exploiting
IoT in real-life scenarios, including smart cities,
GAIN (Galileo for Interactive Driving), to create
a system enabling real-time traffic optimization
to reduce noxious emissions and fuel consump-
tions, GOLDEN-ICE, to apply EGNOS / EDAS
technologies to salt-spreading to obtain environ-
mental and economic benefits and better safety,
GreenCom, to develop a management and con-
trol platform to measure and balance the load in
the low-voltage energy grids, SEEMPubS (Smart
Energy Efficient Middleware for Public Spaces),
to improve energy saving and reduce the carbon
footprint of public spaces through a smart use
of ICTs, without actual refurbishing of buildings.
In 2011 ISMB launched its Smart City Strategic
Program to realize a quality leap in its approach
to the issue, designing a multi-disciplinary re-
search program that merges the traditional tech-
nological skills of the Institute with new ones,
such as urban planning and socio-economic
analysis. Our aim is to promote the use of ICT
as an enabling factor for an integrated and in-
Well before the launch of the official “Smart Cit-
ies” calls, ISMB managed to become a cham-
pion of applied ICT R&D projects on smart cities,
as it is testified by our participation, as partners
› SMART CITY:
AN OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
› WHAT IS THE SMART CITY STRATEGIC
PROGRAM
6 › Smart City Strategic Program
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
terdisciplinary approach to urban planning and
management. We approach cities as complex
systems of systems, with the final objective to pur-
sue the triple sustainability target.
Our effort has been carried from the beginning
with a multi-level approach, trying to study the
global best practices and to adapt them to the lo-
cal contexts in which we operate. We are active
members of several international forums for the
exchange of best practices in the Smart City do-
main, such as the Smart Cities and Communities
Market Place, the World Smart Capital Initiative,
the European Energy Research Alliance, the Re-
newable Heating & Cooling platform and many
others, and we work with several cities to help
them define their roadmap towards the triple sus-
tainability target.
Shortly after its creation, the Program launched a
research effort with the aim to develop methods
and tools for “Scientific Urban Management”. In
short, we are developing open source Decision
Support Systems integrating different Modeling
& Simulation (M&S) techniques, to better predict
and measure the impact of alternative smart city
initiatives on the path towards the triple sustain-
ability target. We believe that these tools will al-
low urban decision makers, solution providers and
investment managers to predict, on the basis of a
scientific approach, what initiatives will better con-
tribute to implement the local smart city strategies,
and to satisfy the real needs of the citizens, thus
reducing the risks associated with the deployment
of large-scale innovations in the urban context. In
the following pages you will find a short descrip-
tion of the tools that we are developing.
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
Smart City Strategic Program › 7
› SIMUL@
A SIMULATION-BASED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SMART
AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY
Andrea VESCO
Smart City Strategic Program
Istituto Superiore Mario Boella
vesco@ismb.it
+39 011 22 76 610
8 › Smart City Strategic Program
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
The key to climate change control lies in improved
technology. We need to find new ways to pro-
duce and use energy and transport ourselves that
will allow us to cut back on the climate-changing
greenhouse gases (GHG). In the EU, the trans-
port sector causes 26% of all GHG emissions
due to human activities. Furthermore, the trans-
port sector is the fastest growing source of green-
house gases, and of the total from transport, over
85% are due to CO2 emissions from road vehi-
cles. Therefore, they are considered a major sec-
tor to target for a limitation of GHG emissions.
It is worthwhile noting that the demand for new
forms of mobility is spreading all over the world
and electric mobility has long been advertised
as the “green and sustainable” answer. (Source:
DG CONNECT, ICT for the Fully Electric Vehicle,
Research Needs and Challenges Ahead).
However the impact of electric mobility on the
urban system and on the energy distribution net-
work needs to be analysed. Since mobility is a
complex urban system the problem must be ana-
lysed taking into consideration all the aspects
linked together. The Smart City Strategic Program
of Istituto Superiore Mario Boella designed with
this aim a Decision Support System (DSS), which
is definitely the tool to optimize the introduction
of this new mode with a holistic approach. The
DSS analyses the problem with at least three tiers
of simulation. The three tiers analyse (i) socio-
economic data to estimate the diffusion of the
electric vehicles over time, (ii) urban mobility, in
general, and mobility of electric vehicles in a mi-
croscopic fashion and (iii) the energy distribution
network and the charging infrastructure.
The goal of providing support to decision-making
processes requires to estimate very accurately the
diffusion of the electric vehicles (EVs) taking into
account all the enablers and inhibitors to the
adoption of the new technology and simulating
in great detail the complex urban mobility sys-
tem, in terms of real maps and traffic data, and
the energy distribution network considering the
real topology and implementation in the target
urban scenario.
We developed a proof-of-concept prototype.
The first tier is implemented in accordance to the
Bass Diffusion Model (BDM). The basic premise
of BDM is that adopters can be classified as in-
novators or as imitators and the speed and tim-
ing of adoption depends on their degree of in-
novativeness and the degree of imitation among
adopters. The BDM has been widely used in
technology forecasting. The second tier is devel-
oped around DLR’s Simulation of Urban Mobility
(SUMO) tool customized to simulate EVs and the
battery discharging models as a function of the
simulated driving cycle. The urban maps are re-
trieved from the OpenStreetMap portal whereas
traffic data could be imported and simulated
from different open-data sources.
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
Smart City Strategic Program › 9
The last tier describes the energy distribution
network and the recharging infrastructure geo-
referenced coherently with the urban maps. This
representation allows the system to simulate the
recharging operations in accordance to different
models and to analyse the impact of EVs on the
distribution network.
In order to go further the proof-of-concept, the re-
cent activities aimed at designing a traffic model
for the city of Bologna in Italy. The traffic model
comprises the real map of the city road network
and a traffic dataset of the morning rush-hour
(about 25,000 vehicles). The model was success-
fully simulated and validated using an innova-
tive procedure that exploits Google Maps travel
information. The validation concerns both (i) the
correct route length, and (ii) the travel times.
Both metrics result in simulation coherent with the
Google data.
The future activities will be devoted to the valida-
tion of the DSS when dealing with the introduc-
tion of electric mobility in a real urban setting. In
details the DSS will be experimented
•  to assess the impact of the electric vehicles on
the energy distribution network,
•  to design the charging infrastructure as a
function of the likely EV diffusion.
Beside the aforementioned operations, instru-
mental for the validation, the DSS has been also
conceived
•  to plan the charging infrastructure for the in-
troduction of an electric car-sharing service,
while managing its future developments,
•  to analyse the impact of EVs on the city traf-
fic, air quality and noise, in order to optimize
the mobility policies and rules in urban areas,
•  to optimize the mobility services in general,
facilitating opportunities for multimodality.
10 › Smart City Strategic Program
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
› CS-VisualLab
A SOLUTION TO IMPROVE THE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
OF CAR SHARING PROVIDERS
Valeria CAIATI
Smart City Strategic Program
Istituto Superiore Mario Boella
caiati@ismb.it
+39 011 22 76 809
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
Smart City Strategic Program › 11
A variety of factors, such as the constantly
growing fuel prices, the global warming, the in-
creased parking demand and traffic congestion,
challenge the current mobility patterns. Under
these circumstances, the demand for alternative
and sustainable transportation modes increases.
Car sharing is a sustainable mobility concept. It
is considered as a solution to reduce the wasteful
use of cars, being a real alternative to private
car ownership and being complementary to eco-
friendly transport solutions.
Many car sharing providers (both private and
public) are emerging all around the world.
In 2009, the number of cities with car sharing
systems surpassed 1,000. As of October 2012,
1.79 million customers were sharing nearly
43,550 vehicles in car-sharing systems across 27
countries and five continents, indicating that the
rate of growth for this relatively young industry is
increasing rapidly (Source: Embarq).
Some of the key questions that need to be answered
to develop an efficient car-sharing service are:
•  What are the target markets for the service?
•  What are the best locations to place vehicles?
•  What is the best service model to adopt?
•  What is the most efficient strategy to relocate
the vehicles?
In order to develop an efficient strategic and op-
erational planning, it would be extremely helpful
if the car sharing provider had a valuable deci-
sion-making tool able to assess the performance
The Smart City Strategic Program of Istituto Supe-
riore Mario Boella has developed a Car Sharing
Decision Support System (DSS).
The DSS is based on real data (about clients and
trips) coming from a real station-based car sharing
service, which is one of the most innovative and
ecological car sharing services in Italy. This service
is available in a big city of Southern Italy, with a
fleet of about 80 electric vehicles.
The central goal of the DSS is to provide key infor-
mation to optimize the car sharing service and sup-
port the strategic decisions of the operator.
The main strength of the DSS is its flexibility for use
by users from a wide range of expertise and its ex-
cellent adaptability to different car sharing services:
•  station-based or free-floating;
•  traditional vehicles or electric vehicles.
The DSS is a web-based tool with a simple dy-
namic graphic interface. It supports the car shar-
ing provider with:
•  specific infographics based on historical data
showing the evolution of the car sharing ser-
vice. With a single glance at the infograph-
ics, complex data and information are easier
to understand;
› BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION
› THE APPROACH OF THE SMART CITY
STRATEGIC PROGRAM
› THE TOOL AND THE RESULTS OF THE
ANALYSIS
of the car sharing system.
12 › Smart City Strategic Program
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
•  mathematical models for demand forecasting, operational decisions and service optimization,
presented in a transparent and intuitive way.
The DSS is composed of three main sections as described below.
This section collects and displays information about the clients.
This section provides an overview at a glance of the performance of the car-sharing service.
Distribution by age: it splits by age all the users registered to the service.
Behavior: it splits clients by number of car rentals made.
Clusters: it creates distinct groups of clients based on age and number of rentals. The aim of this analy-
sis is to develop a more focused marketing campaign customized to each of those segments.
Geographic Distribution: it provides the distribution of clients based on their residential address.
Station Usage: it gives information about the most used station by each client. This information could
be used to obtain a better planning of car sharing stations, both in terms of opening new stations or
closing some that are in operation.
› THE CLIENT SECTION
› THE SERVICE SECTION
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
Smart City Strategic Program › 13
Rentals: it gives information about the number of monthly car rentals and the relative cumulative statistic
since the beginning of the service.
Service Usage: it provides an overview of the station usage data with specific statistical measures on
a station-by-station basis.
This section is a sort of performance dashboard that displays the most important information to de-
cision-makers, so they can monitor and manage the service more efficiently. For example, using the
information given in this section, the users could optimize the location and size of car sharing stations.
Furthermore, this section is built to be regularly updated (e.g. monthly), depending on the needs of
end-users.
This section provides an intuitive tool to support the decision-making process related to the relocation
strategies. It gives information about the probability for a station to be used in a specific time slot. The
aim of this tool is to predict the number of vehicles required to meet the demand for each of the most
stressed stations. In this way the service provider could efficiently manage the relocation of vehicles.
The overall aim of the car-sharing DSS is to improve the decisions made by the stakeholders of the service,
optimizing their overall performance in an easy and efficient way.
Built on empirical data, the DSS aims at becoming a support model for any new car sharing service pro-
vider (both public and private) in starting a new car sharing pilot and in optimising their business strategy.
› THE RELOCATION SECTION
› THE ROADMAP
14 › Smart City Strategic Program
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
However, the car sharing DSS could be a power-
ful and useful tool for a wide range of organiza-
tions, including local governments, not-for-profit
organizations and universities.
For example, a future application of the DSS
could consist in using the results of the model to
help cities analyze the potential demand for car
sharing services under a future scenario charac-
terized by sustainable actions on transport policy.
From an academic point of view, the collabora-
tion with other research groups could enrich the
DSS with different analysis (e.g. with regard to
economic and environmental sustainability) by
adding extra variables and constraints.
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
Smart City Strategic Program › 15
› SMART PARKING
Andrea PACIFICI
Smart City Strategic Program
Istituto Superiore Mario Boella
pacifici@ismb.it
+39 011 22 76 807
16 › Smart City Strategic Program
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
Parking is an essential component of urban mo-
bility. In Italy the issues related to parking are
particularly felt by the municipalities and by al-
most all citizens. According to AIPARK, whose
investigation is downloadable from the EPA sec-
tion of their web site, in Italy there is a lack of
about 650,000 parking spaces that could be
converted in about 3,000 km of streets occupied
by cars.
In a municipality a perfect control of parking slots
(on street and not) integrated with other services
could be the key to transform the municipality it-
self in a good example of a Smart City. There are
a lot of incentives that could drive a municipality
to implement a Smart Parking solution, such as:
•  Reduction of traffic congestion: with a Smart
Parking solution cars could find the nearest
parking more easily, thus reducing traffic con-
gestion.
•  Reduction of pollution: with a reduction of
traffic congestion also the pollution levels
would decrease.
•  Reduction of the maintenance costs of park-
ing machines: “smart” parking machines re-
quire less maintenance and allow for better
maintenance scheduling.
•  Reduction of frauds: with a central control
of parking slots frauds could be strongly re-
duced.
In 2013 the Smart City Strategic Program of
Istituto Superiore Mario Boella (ISMB) started
a focused investigation of Smart Parking solu-
tions. Exploiting the technological competences
of ISMB and the contacts with some of the most
important cities in which Smart Parking solutions
have been implemented (e.g. Amsterdam), at
the end of 2014 ISMB created its own proof-of-
concept of a Smart Parking Solution. This proof-
of-concept was presented to some municipalities
(in Italy and abroad) and is currently being ex-
amined.
The solution offered by ISMB is modular and
highly scalable to better fit the demands of mu-
nicipalities.
The solution is based on:
•  the replacement of the old parking machines
with new paperless ones, where the insertion
of the plate number is mandatory
•  the introduction of sensors (cameras or low
cost underground sensors) to verify the occu-
pation of parking slots
•  the development of a mobile application for
the parking payments
•  the introduction of a specific OCR scanner
for payments check
•  the creation of a central framework with all
the information connected to vehicles and
parking.
The main advantages of the solution could be
divided in two categories, those that benefit the
public administration/parking manager and
those that benefit the users. In detail:
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
Smart City Strategic Program › 17
For the public administration/parking manager:
•  Parking machines reduction: thanks to the
paperless “smart parking machines” and to
the smartphone application it is possible to
reduce up to 40% the number of parking ma-
chines in a given zone.
•  Remote control of parking slots with identifi-
cation of irregular vehicles: through sensors
and the central framework it is possible to
receive alerts when a car is parked without
paying.
•  Maintenance cost reduction: with a reduction
of parking machines and the remote control
of payments it is possible to reduce the main-
tenance costs and to improve the service.
•  Payment verification with scanners or cars
with cameras: the verification of payments is
easier and quicker and faults are reduced.
•  Integration with police and insurance da-
tabases: in this way it is possible to control
stolen vehicles or vehicles without insurance.
•  Dynamic pricing: it is possible to introduce a
dynamic pricing based on city zone, time of
the day or specific events.
18 › Smart City Strategic Program
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
•  Automatic fines: through the central frame-
work it is possible to issue automatic fines in
accordance to national laws.
For the users:
•  Easyer payment: users can pay for the effec-
tive time of occupation of the parking slot in
different ways (smart parking machines or
mobile application).
•  Remote extension of the parking duration: it is
possible to extend the duration of the parking
from the mobile app or from any parking ma-
chine, without having to reach one’s vehicle.
•  Information on nearest parking spot avail-
able: could be provided with road signs or
with the mobile app.
ISMB’s smart parking solution could also be
adapted to specific use cases such as:
•  disability parking permits: the solution could
alert if reserved parking slots are occupied
by unauthorized vehicles.
•  parking permits for (un)loading goods: the
solution could alert if this kind of slots are
occupied by unauthorized vehicles and could
allow a better scheduling for different users of
the same parking slot.
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
Smart City Strategic Program › 19
› AURORA
A SOLUTION TO IMPROVE THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE
OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONS
Edoardo CALIA
Deputy Director, Strategic Programs
Istituto Superiore Mario Boella
calia@ismb.it
+39 011 22 76 210
20 › Smart City Strategic Program
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
There are around 60 million streetlights in Eu-
rope and most of them have been lighting up the
roads for at least 25 years. These lights are usu-
ally not energy efficient, which accounts for be-
tween 20% and 50% of local government energy
bills (source: European Innovation Partnership on
Smart Cities and Communities).
In 2010 the Istituto Superiore Mario Boella (ISMB),
being aware of this issue, started the AURORA
project, still in progress. AURORA is a project for
reducing the energy consumption of Public Admin-
istrations (PAs). This is obtained by:
•  remotely controlling public lighting systems with
a hardware that (de)activates the lights based
on an adjustable astronomical clock or on a
manual input, replacing crepuscular sensors.
•  monitoring the energy consumption of build-
ings and lighting systems, based on the au-
tomated reading and analysis of the bills
received by the PAs.
The initiative was conceived from the necessity to
create awareness on the energy consumptions,
in order to understand how to increase energy
efficiency with targeted interventions, supported
by real data.
The present lack of a structured energy account-
ing system in the PAs is a critical issue and its
drawbacks are high energy consumptions and
inadequate support to the “decision-makers”.
The proposed solution starts with a preliminary
phase during which the monitored buildings are
profiled and the registration of the consumptions
is extracted from the energy invoices and stored
in a cloud-based system. The system is able to
provide concise and easy to understand reports,
thanks to smart data analysis algorithms, related
to specific target parameters. This allows the
identification of potentially abnormal situations.
The project leverages on low-cost embedded
devices for the smart management of the public
lighting electrical lines, through the direct control
of the “on” and “off” periods.
There are a lot of tools with similar features, but
AURORA has some benefits that differentiate it
from its competitors:
1.	 it is based on a very simple and low-cost
hardware which makes its payback period
very short (about 6-8 months on average,
based on the initial consumption levels and
the dimension of the installation);
2.	 all the data are stored in the “cloud” with all
the associated advantages (no need to buy
server and application, reachable with all
sort of devices, higher security for the stored
data, easy to expand and with a low-cost ser-
vice maintenance);
3.	 it is very simple to install and highly scalable.
In 2011 a first generation of AURORA devices
were tested in a small municipally with about
7,000 inhabitants and 700 lamps, reducing the
annual costs of public lighting by about 100,000€
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
Smart City Strategic Program › 21
(with overall savings of about 8-10% after a very
small upfront investment).
From 2011 to 2014 the devices were updated
and at the end of 2014 a new phase was start-
ed to test the new AURORA devices in a bigger
municipality with 50,000 inhabitants and 4,000
streetlamps. This test is still ongoing and not all
the devices are installed but the first results are
better than those obtained in 2011, showing sav-
ings for public lighting of about 15%.
At the end of 2014 ISMB won a call of the Pied-
mont Region with the LEO (Local Energy Optimi-
zation) project, a proposal to provide additional
features to AURORA, that will be implemented by
mid 2015. The main goal of LEO is to create a
Living Lab to experiment energy observation and
savings in two municipalities through the involve-
ment of citizens.
The project addresses two specific aspects:
•  Outdoor Monitoring and Tuning: The project
aims to improve the current solution of public
lighting control by adding to AURORA some
controls to further reduce energy consumption
(voltage regulation and flow lines). Moreover
the new hardware implemented in AURORA
will also feature some environmental sensors
(such as air-quality and pollution sensors) in
order to collect and analyze all the important
data in a smart city perspective.
•  Indoor Monitoring and Tuning: The project
aims to introduce all the advantages of the
AURORA system also in public buildings with
control and monitoring of their electrical and
thermal energy. In this way the PAs will re-
duce consumption and gather some impor-
tant information about the buildings and their
efficiency in order to eventually plan some
focused energy requalification actions.
22 › Smart City Strategic Program
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
› LOCAL ENERGY
COMMUNITIES
A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR PLANNING LOCAL
ENERGY COMMUNITIES
Andrea VESCO
Smart City Strategic Program
Istituto Superiore Mario Boella
vesco@ismb.it
+39 011 22 76 610
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
Smart City Strategic Program › 23
There is a direct link between energy production
and GHG emissions. The main producers and
distributors are spending effort in developing
the so called Smart Grid both directly, by using
new technologies, and indirectly, by making re-
newable energy and efficiency programs more
affordable and potentially larger. However, a dif-
ferent approach based on the distributed micro
generation of renewable energy and the smart
organisation of local users is also possible. The
underlying idea is to aggregate local users into
energy communities. In accordance to this para-
digm a Local Energy Community (LEC) is a set of
users that share renewable sources and storage
resources to satisfy energy demand while mini-
mising carbon emissions and operating costs. In
accordance to the last analyses 475,000 LECs
are deployable in Italy by 2020. If LECs will
develop only 5% of their potential market they
could generate a turnover of about 29 Billion €
and they could contribute to the national energy
saving targets with an amount varying from 10
to 30%. (Source: OSSERVATORIO GDF-SUEZ
2014 - Final Report).
Thus, the main challenge is to design the archi-
tecture and the operations governing the LECs
while satisfying the triple sustainability principle,
i.e., financial, social and environmental.
A computing approach to the analysis of a terri-
tory drives the planning of LECs. In fact, the Smart
City Strategic Program of Istituto Superiore Mario
Boella has already designed a software planner
that leverages on the k-medoids algorithm to sys-
tematically assess different clusters of buildings to
find their optimal aggregation in LECs.
Indeed, the analysis requires the description of
the territory in terms of the energy demand of
each building and of the renewable generation
capabilities. The availability and truthfulness of
these data is the foundation of the analysis.
The development has demonstrated the feasibility
of the computing approach. The planner is scal-
able and applicable in the real-world. Moreover
the results of the first test on a small village in
the countryside of Torino (50 buildings) showed
the effectiveness of the planner. Details are avail-
able in G. Colombo, F. Ferrero, G. Pirani, and
A. Vesco, “Planning Local Energy Communities
to Develop Low Carbon Urban and Suburban
Areas,” in Proceedings of IEEE International En-
ergy Conference (Energycon 2014), Dubrovnik,
Croatia, May 2014.
The future roadmap foresees the development
of the planner to take into consideration further
technical details, costs of the infrastructure and
financial aspects governing the investment. These
developments will pave the way for the imple-
mentation of a Decision Support System and the
design of new business-oriented applications in
the local energy domain.
24 › Smart City Strategic Program
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
› SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATIONS
ITALIAN PUBLICATIONS
EDITED BOOK
A. Vesco, and F. Ferrero, “Handbook of Research on Social, Economic, and Environmental Sustain-
ability in the Development of Smart Cities,” IGI Global, pp. 1-491, 2015. doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-
8282-5
As population growth accelerates, researchers and professionals face
challenges as they attempt to plan for the future. Urban planning is a
significant component in addressing the key concerns as the world popu-
lation moves towards the city and leaves the rural environment behind, yet
there are many factors to consider for a well rounded community.
The Handbook of Research on Social, Economic, and Environmental Sus-
tainability in the Development of Smart Cities brings together the neces-
sary research and interdisciplinary discussion to address dilemmas cre-
ated by population growth and the expansion of urban environments. This
publication is an essential reference source for researchers, academicians,
investors, and practitioners interested in the urban planning and techno-
logical advancements necessary for the creation of smart cities.
CONFERENCES
G. Colombo, F. Ferrero, G. Pirani, and A. Vesco, “Planning Local Energy Communities to Develop
Low Carbon Urban and Suburban Areas,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Energy Conference
(Energycon 2014), Dubrovnik, Croatia, May 2014.
JOURNALS
•  F. Ferrero, A. Pacifici, and A. Vesco, “Smart City: Tecnologie, Architetture e Servizi,” Mondo Digi-
tale, no. 52, pp. 1–11, Jul. 2014.
•  A. Vesco, A. Attanasio, B. Caroleo, A. Pacifici, M. Simonov, and F. Ferrero,“Pianificare la Mobilità
Elettrica in Ambito Urbano,”AEIT, pp. 12–17, Nov. 2013.
•  G. Colombo, F. Ferrero, E. Ferro and G. Pirani, “La Smart City e la sfida della triplice sostenibilità”,
AEIT, pp. 6-13, Jul./Aug. 2013.
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
Smart City Strategic Program › 25
› SMART CITY AND MORE
A CROWDSOURCED FLIPBOARD MAGAZINE
Nowadays, staying up-to-date with the latest news is an imperative. This is even more fundamental
when dealing with Smart City issues. The team of the Smart City Strategic Program at Istituto Superiore
Mario Boella has started a permanent observatory of the main Smart City implementations. A crowd-
sourced Flipboard Magazine, constantly collecting the latest news on Smart City initiatives from all
over the world, is the natural outcome of this extensive activity.
If you want to benefit from our work, look for “Smart City and More” on Flipboard or visit
flipboard.com/section/smart-city-e-non-solo-b7gYlH
For the Italian speakers, there is also an Italian edition of the magazine called “Smart City e non solo”.
A preview is available at
flipboard.com/section/smart-city-and-more-bPpvuL
26 › Smart City Strategic Program
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
› NOTES
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
Smart City Strategic Program › 27
Smart City
ISMB
SMART CITY STRATEGIC PROGRAM
Francesco Ferrero
Head of the Smart City Strategic Program
+39 011 22 76 805
fferrero@ismb.it
› ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA
via Pier Carlo Boggio 61
10138 Torino, Italy
info@ismb.it | www.ismb.it

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Brochure_SmartCity_A5_Final

  • 3. › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA Smart City Strategic Program › 3 › CONTENT LIST INDEX ISMB’s Smart City Strategic Program SIMUL@ CS-VisualLab Smart Parking AURORA Local Energy Communities Scientific Publications Smart City and More PAGE 4 7 10 15 19 22 24 25
  • 4. 4 › Smart City Strategic Program › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA › ISMB'S SMART CITY STRATEGIC PROGRAM Francesco FERRERO Head of the Smart City Strategic Program Istituto Superiore Mario Boella fferrero@ismb.it +39 011 22 76 805 www.ismb.it/en/smart_city
  • 5. › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA Smart City Strategic Program › 5 The term “Smart City” is not new, and not an easy one to characterize. There is no universally accepted definition, but an authentic multitude of definitions, not always consistent, which tend to highlight different aspects of a problem with many facets. Despite this proliferation of interpre- tations, the essence of the Smart City issue is for us relatively simple: since we are in the presence of a strong concentration of the human popula- tion in urban areas (a growing phenomenon in Europe and even more so in emerging areas of the world), cities are the place of the world where the bulk of the consumption of energy and non- renewable resources is concentrated. This implies that the innovations that must guide us towards a new model of sustainable development should be experimented first of all within cities, where they may cause more benefits. A Smart City will be therefore a city that is able to activate an integrat- ed and interdisciplinary approach to its planning and management, with the aim of reaching the target of triple sustainability, i.e. social, economic and environmental sustainability at the same time. or coordinators, into several EU, national and regional projects, approaching the Smart City issue from different angles. We recall as an example: ALMANAC, to develop an adaptive, scalable and secure platform to realize Internet of Things (IoT) applications for smart cities, BUTLER (uBiquitous, secUre inTernet-of-things with Loca- tion and contEx-awaReness), to model bundles of applications, functions and services exploiting IoT in real-life scenarios, including smart cities, GAIN (Galileo for Interactive Driving), to create a system enabling real-time traffic optimization to reduce noxious emissions and fuel consump- tions, GOLDEN-ICE, to apply EGNOS / EDAS technologies to salt-spreading to obtain environ- mental and economic benefits and better safety, GreenCom, to develop a management and con- trol platform to measure and balance the load in the low-voltage energy grids, SEEMPubS (Smart Energy Efficient Middleware for Public Spaces), to improve energy saving and reduce the carbon footprint of public spaces through a smart use of ICTs, without actual refurbishing of buildings. In 2011 ISMB launched its Smart City Strategic Program to realize a quality leap in its approach to the issue, designing a multi-disciplinary re- search program that merges the traditional tech- nological skills of the Institute with new ones, such as urban planning and socio-economic analysis. Our aim is to promote the use of ICT as an enabling factor for an integrated and in- Well before the launch of the official “Smart Cit- ies” calls, ISMB managed to become a cham- pion of applied ICT R&D projects on smart cities, as it is testified by our participation, as partners › SMART CITY: AN OPERATIONAL DEFINITION › WHAT IS THE SMART CITY STRATEGIC PROGRAM
  • 6. 6 › Smart City Strategic Program › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA terdisciplinary approach to urban planning and management. We approach cities as complex systems of systems, with the final objective to pur- sue the triple sustainability target. Our effort has been carried from the beginning with a multi-level approach, trying to study the global best practices and to adapt them to the lo- cal contexts in which we operate. We are active members of several international forums for the exchange of best practices in the Smart City do- main, such as the Smart Cities and Communities Market Place, the World Smart Capital Initiative, the European Energy Research Alliance, the Re- newable Heating & Cooling platform and many others, and we work with several cities to help them define their roadmap towards the triple sus- tainability target. Shortly after its creation, the Program launched a research effort with the aim to develop methods and tools for “Scientific Urban Management”. In short, we are developing open source Decision Support Systems integrating different Modeling & Simulation (M&S) techniques, to better predict and measure the impact of alternative smart city initiatives on the path towards the triple sustain- ability target. We believe that these tools will al- low urban decision makers, solution providers and investment managers to predict, on the basis of a scientific approach, what initiatives will better con- tribute to implement the local smart city strategies, and to satisfy the real needs of the citizens, thus reducing the risks associated with the deployment of large-scale innovations in the urban context. In the following pages you will find a short descrip- tion of the tools that we are developing.
  • 7. › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA Smart City Strategic Program › 7 › SIMUL@ A SIMULATION-BASED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SMART AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY Andrea VESCO Smart City Strategic Program Istituto Superiore Mario Boella vesco@ismb.it +39 011 22 76 610
  • 8. 8 › Smart City Strategic Program › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA The key to climate change control lies in improved technology. We need to find new ways to pro- duce and use energy and transport ourselves that will allow us to cut back on the climate-changing greenhouse gases (GHG). In the EU, the trans- port sector causes 26% of all GHG emissions due to human activities. Furthermore, the trans- port sector is the fastest growing source of green- house gases, and of the total from transport, over 85% are due to CO2 emissions from road vehi- cles. Therefore, they are considered a major sec- tor to target for a limitation of GHG emissions. It is worthwhile noting that the demand for new forms of mobility is spreading all over the world and electric mobility has long been advertised as the “green and sustainable” answer. (Source: DG CONNECT, ICT for the Fully Electric Vehicle, Research Needs and Challenges Ahead). However the impact of electric mobility on the urban system and on the energy distribution net- work needs to be analysed. Since mobility is a complex urban system the problem must be ana- lysed taking into consideration all the aspects linked together. The Smart City Strategic Program of Istituto Superiore Mario Boella designed with this aim a Decision Support System (DSS), which is definitely the tool to optimize the introduction of this new mode with a holistic approach. The DSS analyses the problem with at least three tiers of simulation. The three tiers analyse (i) socio- economic data to estimate the diffusion of the electric vehicles over time, (ii) urban mobility, in general, and mobility of electric vehicles in a mi- croscopic fashion and (iii) the energy distribution network and the charging infrastructure. The goal of providing support to decision-making processes requires to estimate very accurately the diffusion of the electric vehicles (EVs) taking into account all the enablers and inhibitors to the adoption of the new technology and simulating in great detail the complex urban mobility sys- tem, in terms of real maps and traffic data, and the energy distribution network considering the real topology and implementation in the target urban scenario. We developed a proof-of-concept prototype. The first tier is implemented in accordance to the Bass Diffusion Model (BDM). The basic premise of BDM is that adopters can be classified as in- novators or as imitators and the speed and tim- ing of adoption depends on their degree of in- novativeness and the degree of imitation among adopters. The BDM has been widely used in technology forecasting. The second tier is devel- oped around DLR’s Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) tool customized to simulate EVs and the battery discharging models as a function of the simulated driving cycle. The urban maps are re- trieved from the OpenStreetMap portal whereas traffic data could be imported and simulated from different open-data sources.
  • 9. › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA Smart City Strategic Program › 9 The last tier describes the energy distribution network and the recharging infrastructure geo- referenced coherently with the urban maps. This representation allows the system to simulate the recharging operations in accordance to different models and to analyse the impact of EVs on the distribution network. In order to go further the proof-of-concept, the re- cent activities aimed at designing a traffic model for the city of Bologna in Italy. The traffic model comprises the real map of the city road network and a traffic dataset of the morning rush-hour (about 25,000 vehicles). The model was success- fully simulated and validated using an innova- tive procedure that exploits Google Maps travel information. The validation concerns both (i) the correct route length, and (ii) the travel times. Both metrics result in simulation coherent with the Google data. The future activities will be devoted to the valida- tion of the DSS when dealing with the introduc- tion of electric mobility in a real urban setting. In details the DSS will be experimented •  to assess the impact of the electric vehicles on the energy distribution network, •  to design the charging infrastructure as a function of the likely EV diffusion. Beside the aforementioned operations, instru- mental for the validation, the DSS has been also conceived •  to plan the charging infrastructure for the in- troduction of an electric car-sharing service, while managing its future developments, •  to analyse the impact of EVs on the city traf- fic, air quality and noise, in order to optimize the mobility policies and rules in urban areas, •  to optimize the mobility services in general, facilitating opportunities for multimodality.
  • 10. 10 › Smart City Strategic Program › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA › CS-VisualLab A SOLUTION TO IMPROVE THE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF CAR SHARING PROVIDERS Valeria CAIATI Smart City Strategic Program Istituto Superiore Mario Boella caiati@ismb.it +39 011 22 76 809
  • 11. › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA Smart City Strategic Program › 11 A variety of factors, such as the constantly growing fuel prices, the global warming, the in- creased parking demand and traffic congestion, challenge the current mobility patterns. Under these circumstances, the demand for alternative and sustainable transportation modes increases. Car sharing is a sustainable mobility concept. It is considered as a solution to reduce the wasteful use of cars, being a real alternative to private car ownership and being complementary to eco- friendly transport solutions. Many car sharing providers (both private and public) are emerging all around the world. In 2009, the number of cities with car sharing systems surpassed 1,000. As of October 2012, 1.79 million customers were sharing nearly 43,550 vehicles in car-sharing systems across 27 countries and five continents, indicating that the rate of growth for this relatively young industry is increasing rapidly (Source: Embarq). Some of the key questions that need to be answered to develop an efficient car-sharing service are: •  What are the target markets for the service? •  What are the best locations to place vehicles? •  What is the best service model to adopt? •  What is the most efficient strategy to relocate the vehicles? In order to develop an efficient strategic and op- erational planning, it would be extremely helpful if the car sharing provider had a valuable deci- sion-making tool able to assess the performance The Smart City Strategic Program of Istituto Supe- riore Mario Boella has developed a Car Sharing Decision Support System (DSS). The DSS is based on real data (about clients and trips) coming from a real station-based car sharing service, which is one of the most innovative and ecological car sharing services in Italy. This service is available in a big city of Southern Italy, with a fleet of about 80 electric vehicles. The central goal of the DSS is to provide key infor- mation to optimize the car sharing service and sup- port the strategic decisions of the operator. The main strength of the DSS is its flexibility for use by users from a wide range of expertise and its ex- cellent adaptability to different car sharing services: •  station-based or free-floating; •  traditional vehicles or electric vehicles. The DSS is a web-based tool with a simple dy- namic graphic interface. It supports the car shar- ing provider with: •  specific infographics based on historical data showing the evolution of the car sharing ser- vice. With a single glance at the infograph- ics, complex data and information are easier to understand; › BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION › THE APPROACH OF THE SMART CITY STRATEGIC PROGRAM › THE TOOL AND THE RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS of the car sharing system.
  • 12. 12 › Smart City Strategic Program › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA •  mathematical models for demand forecasting, operational decisions and service optimization, presented in a transparent and intuitive way. The DSS is composed of three main sections as described below. This section collects and displays information about the clients. This section provides an overview at a glance of the performance of the car-sharing service. Distribution by age: it splits by age all the users registered to the service. Behavior: it splits clients by number of car rentals made. Clusters: it creates distinct groups of clients based on age and number of rentals. The aim of this analy- sis is to develop a more focused marketing campaign customized to each of those segments. Geographic Distribution: it provides the distribution of clients based on their residential address. Station Usage: it gives information about the most used station by each client. This information could be used to obtain a better planning of car sharing stations, both in terms of opening new stations or closing some that are in operation. › THE CLIENT SECTION › THE SERVICE SECTION
  • 13. › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA Smart City Strategic Program › 13 Rentals: it gives information about the number of monthly car rentals and the relative cumulative statistic since the beginning of the service. Service Usage: it provides an overview of the station usage data with specific statistical measures on a station-by-station basis. This section is a sort of performance dashboard that displays the most important information to de- cision-makers, so they can monitor and manage the service more efficiently. For example, using the information given in this section, the users could optimize the location and size of car sharing stations. Furthermore, this section is built to be regularly updated (e.g. monthly), depending on the needs of end-users. This section provides an intuitive tool to support the decision-making process related to the relocation strategies. It gives information about the probability for a station to be used in a specific time slot. The aim of this tool is to predict the number of vehicles required to meet the demand for each of the most stressed stations. In this way the service provider could efficiently manage the relocation of vehicles. The overall aim of the car-sharing DSS is to improve the decisions made by the stakeholders of the service, optimizing their overall performance in an easy and efficient way. Built on empirical data, the DSS aims at becoming a support model for any new car sharing service pro- vider (both public and private) in starting a new car sharing pilot and in optimising their business strategy. › THE RELOCATION SECTION › THE ROADMAP
  • 14. 14 › Smart City Strategic Program › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA However, the car sharing DSS could be a power- ful and useful tool for a wide range of organiza- tions, including local governments, not-for-profit organizations and universities. For example, a future application of the DSS could consist in using the results of the model to help cities analyze the potential demand for car sharing services under a future scenario charac- terized by sustainable actions on transport policy. From an academic point of view, the collabora- tion with other research groups could enrich the DSS with different analysis (e.g. with regard to economic and environmental sustainability) by adding extra variables and constraints.
  • 15. › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA Smart City Strategic Program › 15 › SMART PARKING Andrea PACIFICI Smart City Strategic Program Istituto Superiore Mario Boella pacifici@ismb.it +39 011 22 76 807
  • 16. 16 › Smart City Strategic Program › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA Parking is an essential component of urban mo- bility. In Italy the issues related to parking are particularly felt by the municipalities and by al- most all citizens. According to AIPARK, whose investigation is downloadable from the EPA sec- tion of their web site, in Italy there is a lack of about 650,000 parking spaces that could be converted in about 3,000 km of streets occupied by cars. In a municipality a perfect control of parking slots (on street and not) integrated with other services could be the key to transform the municipality it- self in a good example of a Smart City. There are a lot of incentives that could drive a municipality to implement a Smart Parking solution, such as: •  Reduction of traffic congestion: with a Smart Parking solution cars could find the nearest parking more easily, thus reducing traffic con- gestion. •  Reduction of pollution: with a reduction of traffic congestion also the pollution levels would decrease. •  Reduction of the maintenance costs of park- ing machines: “smart” parking machines re- quire less maintenance and allow for better maintenance scheduling. •  Reduction of frauds: with a central control of parking slots frauds could be strongly re- duced. In 2013 the Smart City Strategic Program of Istituto Superiore Mario Boella (ISMB) started a focused investigation of Smart Parking solu- tions. Exploiting the technological competences of ISMB and the contacts with some of the most important cities in which Smart Parking solutions have been implemented (e.g. Amsterdam), at the end of 2014 ISMB created its own proof-of- concept of a Smart Parking Solution. This proof- of-concept was presented to some municipalities (in Italy and abroad) and is currently being ex- amined. The solution offered by ISMB is modular and highly scalable to better fit the demands of mu- nicipalities. The solution is based on: •  the replacement of the old parking machines with new paperless ones, where the insertion of the plate number is mandatory •  the introduction of sensors (cameras or low cost underground sensors) to verify the occu- pation of parking slots •  the development of a mobile application for the parking payments •  the introduction of a specific OCR scanner for payments check •  the creation of a central framework with all the information connected to vehicles and parking. The main advantages of the solution could be divided in two categories, those that benefit the public administration/parking manager and those that benefit the users. In detail:
  • 17. › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA Smart City Strategic Program › 17 For the public administration/parking manager: •  Parking machines reduction: thanks to the paperless “smart parking machines” and to the smartphone application it is possible to reduce up to 40% the number of parking ma- chines in a given zone. •  Remote control of parking slots with identifi- cation of irregular vehicles: through sensors and the central framework it is possible to receive alerts when a car is parked without paying. •  Maintenance cost reduction: with a reduction of parking machines and the remote control of payments it is possible to reduce the main- tenance costs and to improve the service. •  Payment verification with scanners or cars with cameras: the verification of payments is easier and quicker and faults are reduced. •  Integration with police and insurance da- tabases: in this way it is possible to control stolen vehicles or vehicles without insurance. •  Dynamic pricing: it is possible to introduce a dynamic pricing based on city zone, time of the day or specific events.
  • 18. 18 › Smart City Strategic Program › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA •  Automatic fines: through the central frame- work it is possible to issue automatic fines in accordance to national laws. For the users: •  Easyer payment: users can pay for the effec- tive time of occupation of the parking slot in different ways (smart parking machines or mobile application). •  Remote extension of the parking duration: it is possible to extend the duration of the parking from the mobile app or from any parking ma- chine, without having to reach one’s vehicle. •  Information on nearest parking spot avail- able: could be provided with road signs or with the mobile app. ISMB’s smart parking solution could also be adapted to specific use cases such as: •  disability parking permits: the solution could alert if reserved parking slots are occupied by unauthorized vehicles. •  parking permits for (un)loading goods: the solution could alert if this kind of slots are occupied by unauthorized vehicles and could allow a better scheduling for different users of the same parking slot.
  • 19. › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA Smart City Strategic Program › 19 › AURORA A SOLUTION TO IMPROVE THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONS Edoardo CALIA Deputy Director, Strategic Programs Istituto Superiore Mario Boella calia@ismb.it +39 011 22 76 210
  • 20. 20 › Smart City Strategic Program › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA There are around 60 million streetlights in Eu- rope and most of them have been lighting up the roads for at least 25 years. These lights are usu- ally not energy efficient, which accounts for be- tween 20% and 50% of local government energy bills (source: European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities). In 2010 the Istituto Superiore Mario Boella (ISMB), being aware of this issue, started the AURORA project, still in progress. AURORA is a project for reducing the energy consumption of Public Admin- istrations (PAs). This is obtained by: •  remotely controlling public lighting systems with a hardware that (de)activates the lights based on an adjustable astronomical clock or on a manual input, replacing crepuscular sensors. •  monitoring the energy consumption of build- ings and lighting systems, based on the au- tomated reading and analysis of the bills received by the PAs. The initiative was conceived from the necessity to create awareness on the energy consumptions, in order to understand how to increase energy efficiency with targeted interventions, supported by real data. The present lack of a structured energy account- ing system in the PAs is a critical issue and its drawbacks are high energy consumptions and inadequate support to the “decision-makers”. The proposed solution starts with a preliminary phase during which the monitored buildings are profiled and the registration of the consumptions is extracted from the energy invoices and stored in a cloud-based system. The system is able to provide concise and easy to understand reports, thanks to smart data analysis algorithms, related to specific target parameters. This allows the identification of potentially abnormal situations. The project leverages on low-cost embedded devices for the smart management of the public lighting electrical lines, through the direct control of the “on” and “off” periods. There are a lot of tools with similar features, but AURORA has some benefits that differentiate it from its competitors: 1. it is based on a very simple and low-cost hardware which makes its payback period very short (about 6-8 months on average, based on the initial consumption levels and the dimension of the installation); 2. all the data are stored in the “cloud” with all the associated advantages (no need to buy server and application, reachable with all sort of devices, higher security for the stored data, easy to expand and with a low-cost ser- vice maintenance); 3. it is very simple to install and highly scalable. In 2011 a first generation of AURORA devices were tested in a small municipally with about 7,000 inhabitants and 700 lamps, reducing the annual costs of public lighting by about 100,000€
  • 21. › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA Smart City Strategic Program › 21 (with overall savings of about 8-10% after a very small upfront investment). From 2011 to 2014 the devices were updated and at the end of 2014 a new phase was start- ed to test the new AURORA devices in a bigger municipality with 50,000 inhabitants and 4,000 streetlamps. This test is still ongoing and not all the devices are installed but the first results are better than those obtained in 2011, showing sav- ings for public lighting of about 15%. At the end of 2014 ISMB won a call of the Pied- mont Region with the LEO (Local Energy Optimi- zation) project, a proposal to provide additional features to AURORA, that will be implemented by mid 2015. The main goal of LEO is to create a Living Lab to experiment energy observation and savings in two municipalities through the involve- ment of citizens. The project addresses two specific aspects: •  Outdoor Monitoring and Tuning: The project aims to improve the current solution of public lighting control by adding to AURORA some controls to further reduce energy consumption (voltage regulation and flow lines). Moreover the new hardware implemented in AURORA will also feature some environmental sensors (such as air-quality and pollution sensors) in order to collect and analyze all the important data in a smart city perspective. •  Indoor Monitoring and Tuning: The project aims to introduce all the advantages of the AURORA system also in public buildings with control and monitoring of their electrical and thermal energy. In this way the PAs will re- duce consumption and gather some impor- tant information about the buildings and their efficiency in order to eventually plan some focused energy requalification actions.
  • 22. 22 › Smart City Strategic Program › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA › LOCAL ENERGY COMMUNITIES A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR PLANNING LOCAL ENERGY COMMUNITIES Andrea VESCO Smart City Strategic Program Istituto Superiore Mario Boella vesco@ismb.it +39 011 22 76 610
  • 23. › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA Smart City Strategic Program › 23 There is a direct link between energy production and GHG emissions. The main producers and distributors are spending effort in developing the so called Smart Grid both directly, by using new technologies, and indirectly, by making re- newable energy and efficiency programs more affordable and potentially larger. However, a dif- ferent approach based on the distributed micro generation of renewable energy and the smart organisation of local users is also possible. The underlying idea is to aggregate local users into energy communities. In accordance to this para- digm a Local Energy Community (LEC) is a set of users that share renewable sources and storage resources to satisfy energy demand while mini- mising carbon emissions and operating costs. In accordance to the last analyses 475,000 LECs are deployable in Italy by 2020. If LECs will develop only 5% of their potential market they could generate a turnover of about 29 Billion € and they could contribute to the national energy saving targets with an amount varying from 10 to 30%. (Source: OSSERVATORIO GDF-SUEZ 2014 - Final Report). Thus, the main challenge is to design the archi- tecture and the operations governing the LECs while satisfying the triple sustainability principle, i.e., financial, social and environmental. A computing approach to the analysis of a terri- tory drives the planning of LECs. In fact, the Smart City Strategic Program of Istituto Superiore Mario Boella has already designed a software planner that leverages on the k-medoids algorithm to sys- tematically assess different clusters of buildings to find their optimal aggregation in LECs. Indeed, the analysis requires the description of the territory in terms of the energy demand of each building and of the renewable generation capabilities. The availability and truthfulness of these data is the foundation of the analysis. The development has demonstrated the feasibility of the computing approach. The planner is scal- able and applicable in the real-world. Moreover the results of the first test on a small village in the countryside of Torino (50 buildings) showed the effectiveness of the planner. Details are avail- able in G. Colombo, F. Ferrero, G. Pirani, and A. Vesco, “Planning Local Energy Communities to Develop Low Carbon Urban and Suburban Areas,” in Proceedings of IEEE International En- ergy Conference (Energycon 2014), Dubrovnik, Croatia, May 2014. The future roadmap foresees the development of the planner to take into consideration further technical details, costs of the infrastructure and financial aspects governing the investment. These developments will pave the way for the imple- mentation of a Decision Support System and the design of new business-oriented applications in the local energy domain.
  • 24. 24 › Smart City Strategic Program › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA › SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATIONS ITALIAN PUBLICATIONS EDITED BOOK A. Vesco, and F. Ferrero, “Handbook of Research on Social, Economic, and Environmental Sustain- ability in the Development of Smart Cities,” IGI Global, pp. 1-491, 2015. doi:10.4018/978-1-4666- 8282-5 As population growth accelerates, researchers and professionals face challenges as they attempt to plan for the future. Urban planning is a significant component in addressing the key concerns as the world popu- lation moves towards the city and leaves the rural environment behind, yet there are many factors to consider for a well rounded community. The Handbook of Research on Social, Economic, and Environmental Sus- tainability in the Development of Smart Cities brings together the neces- sary research and interdisciplinary discussion to address dilemmas cre- ated by population growth and the expansion of urban environments. This publication is an essential reference source for researchers, academicians, investors, and practitioners interested in the urban planning and techno- logical advancements necessary for the creation of smart cities. CONFERENCES G. Colombo, F. Ferrero, G. Pirani, and A. Vesco, “Planning Local Energy Communities to Develop Low Carbon Urban and Suburban Areas,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Energy Conference (Energycon 2014), Dubrovnik, Croatia, May 2014. JOURNALS •  F. Ferrero, A. Pacifici, and A. Vesco, “Smart City: Tecnologie, Architetture e Servizi,” Mondo Digi- tale, no. 52, pp. 1–11, Jul. 2014. •  A. Vesco, A. Attanasio, B. Caroleo, A. Pacifici, M. Simonov, and F. Ferrero,“Pianificare la Mobilità Elettrica in Ambito Urbano,”AEIT, pp. 12–17, Nov. 2013. •  G. Colombo, F. Ferrero, E. Ferro and G. Pirani, “La Smart City e la sfida della triplice sostenibilità”, AEIT, pp. 6-13, Jul./Aug. 2013.
  • 25. › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA Smart City Strategic Program › 25 › SMART CITY AND MORE A CROWDSOURCED FLIPBOARD MAGAZINE Nowadays, staying up-to-date with the latest news is an imperative. This is even more fundamental when dealing with Smart City issues. The team of the Smart City Strategic Program at Istituto Superiore Mario Boella has started a permanent observatory of the main Smart City implementations. A crowd- sourced Flipboard Magazine, constantly collecting the latest news on Smart City initiatives from all over the world, is the natural outcome of this extensive activity. If you want to benefit from our work, look for “Smart City and More” on Flipboard or visit flipboard.com/section/smart-city-e-non-solo-b7gYlH For the Italian speakers, there is also an Italian edition of the magazine called “Smart City e non solo”. A preview is available at flipboard.com/section/smart-city-and-more-bPpvuL
  • 26. 26 › Smart City Strategic Program › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA › NOTES
  • 27. › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA Smart City Strategic Program › 27
  • 28. Smart City ISMB SMART CITY STRATEGIC PROGRAM Francesco Ferrero Head of the Smart City Strategic Program +39 011 22 76 805 fferrero@ismb.it › ISTITUTO SUPERIORE MARIO BOELLA via Pier Carlo Boggio 61 10138 Torino, Italy info@ismb.it | www.ismb.it