Access Financial | Europe

1. European Economic
Area & Switzerland
Armenia
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Gibraltar
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
The Netherlands
Turkey
United Kingdom
Edition 2015/01

2. CountrySolutions
Self
Employed
Employed
Personal
Company
Local Entity (if any)
Retentions WorkPermits
Locally
Seconded/
Posted
Minimum Maximum Capability Time Average Costs
Armenia √ 69% 71%
Austria √ 59% 66%
Belgium √ √ √ √ AFI Belgium Sprl 45% 72% Yes 4 - 6 weeks EUR 1100
Bulgaria √ 81% 81%
Croatia √ TBA TBA
Cyprus √ √ AFSS Access Financial Cyprus Ltd 75% 80%
CzechRepublic √ 62% 68%
Denmark √ AFSS Denmark ApS 52% 67% Yes 6 -8 weeks EUR 1375
Estonia √ 61% 70%
Finland √ 65% 75%
France √ √ √ √ 52% 78%
Germany √ √ √ AFI Germany GmbH 45% 78% Yes 8-12 weeks EUR 1500
Greece √ 54% 62%
Gibraltar √ 73% 76%
Hungary √ √ 48% 49%
Ireland √ √ 50% 73%
Italy √ 51% 65%
Latvia √ 74% 75%
Lithuania √ 75% 81%
Luxembourg √ 60% 74%
Malta √ 69% 69%
Netherlands √ AFI Netherlands BV 49% 64% Yes 4 - 6 weeks EUR 1500-1850
Norway √ √ 53% 73%
Poland √ 71% 74%
Portugal √ 65% 70%
Romania √ √ 69% 78%
Russia √∗ √ 72% 90% Yes∗∗ 5 - 8 weeks EUR 1500
Slovakia √ 59% 65%
Slovenia √ 56% 60%
Spain √ 65% 75%
Sweden √ √ 49% 63% Yes 4 - 8 weeks EUR 1500
Switzerland √ Access Financial Services Sàrl 70% 75%
Turkey √ 50% 78%
UnitedKingdom √ √ I-ContractsLtd 57% 68%
∗ Only Russian nationals
∗∗ Normally only for Moscow
Access Financial European Solutions Summary 2015 - 2016

3. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DenmarkFrance
GermanyNorway
Sweden
SwitzerlandNetherlands
Belgium
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DenmarkFrance
GermanyNorway
Sweden
SwitzerlandNetherlands
Belgium
Solution
Local Payroll
KeyFeatures
The contractors are employed by AFSS Denmark
ApS, the Access Financial group company in
Denmark.
Employed contractors can take the advantage of
the Danish special expatriate tax regime. This is
applicable for a maximum of 60 months for annual
gross salaries above DKK 70,600, providing the
applicants have not been taxed in Denmark in the
preceding 10 years.
AFSS Denmark is insured with €5,000,000 covers for
employers’andbusinessliabilities.
WorkPermit
Work Permit and BusinessVisa services available.
Work permit processing: 6-8 weeks; business visa
processing: 2-6 weeks.
EU and EFTA nationals are free to work in Denmark
withoutaworkpermit.
Non EU/EFTA nationals can be sponsored through
our local company, AFSS Denmark ApS to obtain the
necessary work permit.
Taxes
Taxyear:calendaryear.
Progressivemultiple taxesandcontribution
amountingto 59%.
With expatriate tax regime, the tax rates are 26%
and market contribution 8%, a total of 34%.
SocialSecurity
Social security is obligatory in Denmark except for
contractorsalreadypayingsocialcontributions
intheirhomecountryandholdingavalidsocial
security certi cate, A1 or equivalent.
Danish employee contributions amount to about
8% of the gross income plus DKK 1,080 per year
TypicalRetention
52% - 67%
Solutions
Local payroll, Seconded by an AF group company,
Self-employed,PersonalServiceCompany
KeyFeatures
Local payroll is provided by AFI Belgium Sprl, the
Access Financial Group company in Belgium.
Employed and seconded contractors can take
advantage of the special Belgian expatriate tax
regimefortemporarynon-residentworkers.
Seconded contractors are employed by an Access
Financial company in an EU country where they
can take advantage of lower social security
contributions.
AFI Belgium is insured with €5,000,000 covers for
employers’andbusinessliabilities.
WorkPermit
Work Permit and BusinessVisa services available.
Work permit processing: 4-6 weeks; business visa
processing: 1-2 weeks.
EU and EFTA nationals are free to work in Belgium
withoutaworkpermit.
Non EU/EFTA nationals can be sponsored through
our local company, AFI Belgium Sprl to obtain the
necessary work permit.
Taxes
Taxyear:calendaryear.
Progressive tax rates, top rate of 50%.
Municipalitiesmaylevysurchargesonincometax,
on average 7-7.5%
SocialSecurity
Social security is obligatory in Belgium except for
contractorsalreadypayingsocialcontributions
intheirhomecountryandholdingavalidsocial
security certi cate, A1 or equivalent.
Belgianemployerandemployeecontributions
are respectively 33% and 13.07%. Self-employed
contractorspre-paytheircontributionsquarterly
(EUR 659.61 in the rst year) and then adjusted
at year-end based on income (maximum social
security contribution is EUR 3,998.67 per quarter).
TypicalRetention
48% - 72%
DenmarkSolutionBelgiumSolution

4. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DenmarkFrance
GermanyNorway
Sweden
SwitzerlandNetherlands
Belgium
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DenmarkFrance
GermanyNorway
Sweden
SwitzerlandNetherlands
Belgium
Solutions
Local Payroll, Self-employed, Personal Service
Company
KeyFeatures
Local payroll is provided by AFI Germany GmbH, the
Access Financial group company in Germany. AFI
Germany holds an AUG Licence that allows labour
leasing to local end clients.
AFI Germany is insured with a €5,000,000 cover for
employers’andbusinessliability.
WorkPermit
Work Permit and BusinessVisa services available.
Work permit processing: 8-12 weeks; business visa
processing: 2-3 weeks.
EU and EFTA nationals are free to work in Germany
withoutapermit.
Non EU/EFTA nationals can be sponsored through
our local company, AFI Belgium Sprl. to obtain the
necessary permit before starting their work in the
country.
NationalsofAustralia,Brazil,Israel,Japan,Canada,
South Korea, New Zealand and the US can apply for
theirpermitinGermany aftertheirarrival.
Taxes
Taxyear:calendaryear.
Progressive tax rates, top rate of 45%. A solidarity
tax is calculated at a rate of 5.5% of the income tax.
Members of the Catholic or Protestant churches are
liable for an optional ChurchTax of 8-9%. Business
pro ts are subject to municipal taxes of up to 17%.
SocialSecurity
Social security is obligatory in Germany except
for employed contractors already paying social
contributionsintheirhomecountryandholdinga
valid social security certi cate, A1 or equivalent.
Germanemployersandemployeescontributions
amount to about 40% of the gross income.
Self-employed contractors are not liable for social
charges, but must take out a German health
insurancepolicyunlessalreadypayingsocial
contributionsintheirhomecountryandholdinga
valid social security certi cate, A1 or equivalent.
TypicalRetention
45% - 78%
Solution
Local Payroll, Seconded by an AF Group company,
Self-employed,PersonalServiceCompany
KeyFeatures
Local payroll is provided by AFI International SA,
registered in France as foreign employer.
Foreign contractors can take advantage of the
special French expatriate tax regime provided they
havenotbeentaxresidentsinFranceduringthe
previous veyears.
Seconded contractors are employed by an Access
Financial company in an EU country where they
can take advantage of lower social security
contributions.
AFI International is insured with a €5,000,000 cover
foremployers’andbusinessliability.
WorkPermit
EU and EFTA nationals are free to work in France
without a work permit. For the employed solution,
Croatian nationals must hold a degree equivalent to
aFrenchMaster’s.
Non EU/EFTA nationals must have a work permit
before the start of their work in the country.
Access Financial cannot sponsor work permits in
France.
Taxes
Taxyear:calendaryear.
Progressive tax rates, top rate of 45% (+4% for
incomes above a yearly EUR 500,000)
SocialSecurity
Social security is obligatory in France except for
contractorsalreadypayingsocialcontributions
intheirhomecountryandholdingavalidsocial
security certi cate, A1 or equivalent.
Frenchemployerandemployeecontributionsare
respectively 45% and 23%.
Socialsecuritycontributionforself-employed
contractors are approximately 30% of the gross
income.
TypicalRetention
52% - 78%
GermanySolutionFranceSolution

5. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DenmarkFrance
GermanyNorway
Sweden
SwitzerlandNetherlands
Belgium
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DenmarkFrance
GermanyNorway
Sweden
SwitzerlandNetherlands
Belgium
Solutions
LocalPayroll
KeyFeatures
Contractors are employed by I-Contracts, the Access
Financial Services group company registered in
Sweden.
Foreign contractors can take advantage of the
ExpatriateTax Regime which exempts 25% of the
remuneration from Swedish tax and social security
contributions.
I-Contracts is insured with €5,000,000 covers for
employers’andbusinessliabilities.
WorkPermit
Work Permit and BusinessVisa services available.
Work permit processing: 4-6 weeks; business visa
processing: 4-8 weeks.
EU and EFTA nationals are free to work in Sweden
withoutaworkpermit.
Non EU/EFTA nationals must have a work permit
before coming to the country and can be sponsored
by Access Financial.
Taxes
Taxyear:calendaryear.
Progressive income tax rates, top rate of 25%.
Municipal tax rate of 31.86%.
SocialSecurity
Social security is obligatory for all employees unless
they are already paying social charges in their own
country and hold an A1 certi cate or equivalent.
Employerandemployeecontributionare
respectively 31.42% and 7%.
TypicalRetention
49% - 63%
SwedenSolution
Solution
Local Payroll, Personal Service Company
KeyFeatures
Contractors are employed I-Contracts, the Access
Financial Services group company registered in
Norway.
Employed contractors can take advantage of the
Norwegian special expatriate tax regime that
allows a deduction of 10% of the gross income
(maximum NOK 40,000 per year) and can be used
formaximum2years.
I-Contracts is insured with €5,000,000 covers for
employers’andbusinessliabilities.
WorkPermit
EU and EFTA nationals are free to work in Norway
withoutaworkpermit.
Non EU/EFTA nationals must have a work permit
before the start of their work in the country.
Access Financial cannot sponsor work permits in
Norway.
Taxes
Taxyear:calendaryear.
Progressive tax rates, top rate of 12%. Municipal
tax rate of 27%
SocialSecurity
Social security is obligatory for all employees unless
they are already paying social charges in their own
country and hold an A1 certi cate or equivalent.
Employerandemployeecontributionsare
respectively 14.1% and 8.2%.
TypicalRetention
53% - 73%
NorwaySolution

6. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DenmarkFrance
GermanyNorway
Sweden
SwitzerlandNetherlands
Belgium
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DenmarkFrance
GermanyNorway
Sweden
SwitzerlandNetherlands
Belgium
Solution
Local Payroll
KeyFeatures
The contractors are employed by AFI Netherlands
BV, the Access Financial group company in the
Netherlands. AFI NetherlandsB.V.islicensedby
the Dutch Chamber of Commerce to provide labour
leasinginthecountry.
Employed contractors can take advantage of the
special 30% Ruling, an allowance to compensate for
orpreventexpensesoutsidethecountryoforigin.
AFI Netherlands is insured with €5,000,000 covers
foremployers’andbusinessliabilities.
WorkPermit
Work Permit and BusinessVisa services available.
Work permit processing: 4-6 weeks; business visa
processing: 2-4 weeks.
EU and EFTA nationals are free to work in the
Netherlands without a work permit.
Non EU/EFTA nationals can be sponsored through
our local company, AFI Netherlands to obtain the
necessary work permit.
AFI holds a KMR (Knowledge Migrant Ruling)
licenseto hirehighlyskillednon-EU/EFTA nationals
underaspecialresidencepermit.
Taxes
Taxyear:calendaryear.
Progressive tax rates, top rate of 52%.
SocialSecurity
Social security is obligatory for all employees unless
they are already paying social charges in their own
country and hold an A1 certi cate or equivalent.
Employers and employee contribute each 7.75%
to the health service and employers pay a further
11.45% for other social charges. In addition,
employer has to contribute 2.67% to StiPP on behalf
of the contractor.
ContractorslivingorworkingintheNetherlands
are obliged by law to take out a health insurance
to protect against the nancial risks of illness and
hospitaladmission.
TypicalRetention
49% - 64%
TheNetherlandsSolution
Solution
Local Payroll
KeyFeatures
Contractors are employed by Access Financial
Services (AFSS) Sàrl, the Access Financial group
headquarters. AFSS holdsalabourleasinglicence
that allows labour leasing to local end clients.
AFSS is insured with €5,000,000 covers for
employers’andbusinessliabilities.
WorkPermit
EU and EFTA nationals (with the exception of
Bulgarians, Croatians and Romanians) are free to
work in Switzerland with a temporary residence
permit.
Bulgarians,CroatiansandRomaniansaresubjectto
immigrationquotasandtogetherwithnonEU/EFTA
nationals must have a work permit before the start
of their work in the country.
AccessFinancialcannotsponsorworkpermits.
Taxes
Taxyear:calendaryear.
Swiss tax rates are progressive at both federal and
cantonal levels.The taxes tables differ from canton
to canton. In addition, municipal taxes are levied as
a multiple of cantonal taxes. Overall the annual tax
rate is lower than in many EU or EFTA countries.
SocialSecurity
Federal old age and disability insurance is
obligatory for all employees.Total social security
contributionsare12.5%, equallydividedbetween
theemployerandemployee.
In addition, contractors living or working in the
country must by law take out a Swiss health
insurance within three months of arrival.
TypicalRetention
70% - 75%
SwitzerlandSolution

7. Access Financial is the leading international management company headquartered in Nyon, Switzerland providing
unique workforce management solutions for recruitment companies; contractors and end clients throughout the
whole of Europe, Africa, Asia and Russia.
Countries served
in Asia
• China
• Hong Kong
• India
• Indonesia
• Singapore
• Vietnam
Countries served
in Africa
• D R Congo
• Egypt
• Ghana
• Kenya
• Morocco
• Mozambique
• Nigeria
• South Africa
• Tanzania
• Tunisia
• Zimbabwe
We also provide services in Russia.

8. Contact us
We would be delighted to hear
from you and tell you more about
our services and how we can
help you and your agency with
contracting matters in Europe and
elsewhere.
Access Financial International SA
(Head O翿 ce)
Chemin de Précossy 7,
Case Postale 2123,
CH-1260, Nyon
Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 365 4620
Facsimile: +41 22 365 4621
Email: info@access nancial.ch
www.access nancial.ch
United Kingdom o翿 ce
Barbican House,
24-36 Old Street,
London,
EC1V 9QQ
Telephone: +44 20 7017 3110
Fax: +44 20 7017 3119
Cyprus o翿 ce
Suite 402, Pavlides Court,
Corner of Ayiou Andreou &
Archbishop Kyprianou Street,
3036 Limassol
Telephone: +357 25 820 640
Fax: +357 25 341 027