Interdisciplinary Sparf
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5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
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Interdisciplinary Sparf
- 1. Multi-disciplinary approach to disaster resilience education and research http://www.disaster-resilience.net Faber M.H.a,1 Giuliani L.a,1, Revez A.b,2 Jayasena S.c,3 Sparf J.,4 Mendez J.M.5 1 Civil Engineering Department, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark 2 Department of Gepgraphy, National University of Ireland - Galway, Ireland 3 Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka 4 Department of social sciences, Mid-Sweden University, Sweden 5 Centre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal This presentation has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents are the sole responsibility of the Network consortium and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union.
- 2. Different perspectives TECHNICAL ASPECTS accept responsibility undertake/ enforce tasks social norms and law adapt., trust, cooperation SOCIAL ASPECTS identify causes find solutions develop tools implement solutions
- 3. Definitions of multi-disciplinarity Cross-disciplinary: reference to an aspect or method present in different disciplines e.g. expressionism in literature, music, and paintings. Multi-disciplinary: juxtaposition of non-related disciplines e.g. a school program with music, mathematics, history etc. Pluri-disciplinary: ADDITIVE juxtaposition of related disciplines e.g. the arts of quadrivium (arithmetic , geometry, music, astronomy) were intended to describe the discrete and continuous at rest and in motion. Inter-disciplinary: INTERACTIVE interaction among disciplines with an exchange of information or methods e.g. a sociologist, a structural engineer and a fireman developing a course on fire safety design of buildings. Trans-disciplinary: HOLISTIC integration of methods and concepts of disciplines into a common language and system of axioms - e.g. Piaget founded genetic epistemology from epistemology and cognitive development.
- 4. Survey on inter-disciplinary working in disaster resilience How is interdisciplinary composed? How is resilience conceptualized? What are the barriers and countermeasures? 57 answers from more than 20 countries Total number of interdisciplinary projects on disaster-resilience is unknown
- 5. Outcomes 1: countries and regions Identify possible regions of excellence possible bias in distribution National spread is insufficient, but the regional indication seems more reliable
- 6. Outcomes 1: expertise and disciplines possible bias? 18 extra several professions! categories
- 7. Outcomes 1: multidisciplinarity Logic Mathemathic s Astrophysic s Physics Chemistry Life Sc. Earth & Space Agricultural Sc. Medical Sc. Technology Anthropolog y Demographi cs Economy Geography History Law Linguistics Pedagogy Political Sc. Psychology Arts & Letters Sociology Ethics Philosophy SUM Logic 6 5 0 0 1 3 4 1 1 6 3 2 3 4 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 5 1 0 50 Mathemathics 5 13 0 2 1 5 6 1 3 9 3 3 5 9 1 0 1 2 3 2 0 7 1 0 82 Astrophysics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Physics 0 2 0 8 2 5 7 2 1 4 1 3 4 7 2 1 0 1 5 2 1 3 2 1 64 Chemistry 1 1 0 2 4 4 3 2 1 3 1 2 2 3 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 36 Life Sc. 3 5 0 5 4 18 15 6 5 10 3 6 9 15 4 3 0 2 8 3 1 10 2 0 137 Earth & Space 4 6 0 7 3 15 15 6 5 10 3 6 9 15 4 3 0 2 8 3 1 10 2 0 137 Agricultural Sc. 1 1 0 2 2 6 6 6 2 5 3 3 5 5 4 3 0 0 3 1 1 4 1 0 64 Medical Sc. 1 3 0 1 1 5 5 2 10 7 1 1 2 3 0 2 0 3 2 4 0 4 1 1 59 Technology 6 9 0 4 3 10 10 5 7 29 5 4 9 15 3 4 1 3 10 4 2 12 3 1 159 Anthropology 3 3 0 1 1 3 3 3 1 5 9 2 3 5 3 1 1 1 5 4 1 8 3 2 71 Demographics 2 3 0 3 2 6 6 3 1 4 2 6 3 6 3 1 0 1 3 1 1 5 1 0 63 Economy 3 5 0 4 2 9 9 5 2 9 3 3 16 12 4 3 0 1 8 3 1 9 1 1 113 Geography 4 9 0 7 3 15 15 5 3 15 5 6 12 30 4 5 0 1 14 4 1 17 1 1 177 History 1 1 0 2 2 4 4 4 0 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 0 0 3 1 1 3 1 0 49 Law 0 0 0 1 0 3 3 3 2 4 1 1 3 5 1 7 0 0 3 1 1 6 1 0 46 Linguistics 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 7 Pedagogy 1 2 0 1 1 2 2 0 3 3 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 5 0 2 0 2 1 1 30 Political Sc. 1 3 0 5 1 8 8 3 2 10 5 3 8 14 3 3 0 0 20 4 2 10 3 3 119 Psychology 1 2 0 2 0 3 3 1 4 4 4 1 3 4 1 1 0 2 4 8 1 5 1 1 56 Arts & Letters 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 1 3 2 2 1 23 Sociology 5 7 0 3 2 10 10 4 4 12 8 5 9 17 3 6 1 2 10 5 2 28 4 4 161 Ethics 1 1 0 2 1 2 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 4 5 2 41 Philosophy 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 3 1 1 4 2 5 24 SUM 50 82 0 64 36 137 137 64 59 159 71 63 113 177 49 46 7 30 119 56 23 161 41 24
- 9. Outcomes 2: resilience relevance of resilience in the projects most important resilience aspects
- 10. Outcomes 3: barries and countermeasures 30 20 10 0 Promoting Budget Understanding Frequency of the challenges and countermeasures Data common countermeasures identified from comments pre-defined categories
Notas del editor
- Resilience is defined in literature as the ability of a system (an infrastructure, an urban area, or a social community) to mitigate hazards and consequences of hazards, in term of loss of performances of the system and time needed for a full recovery of the initial performances. These lists are not exhaustive of course but serve the purpose of showing some differences in approach. The point is that the approaches are very distant. And that interdisciplinary projects have evolved as a response to this.
- Despite only one country could be chosen as an answer, relative frequency has not been calculated, due to the lack of representativeness of the statistical sample discussed above, and outcomes are reported in the form of a histogram chart. Even if the datum on the higher amount of UK projects seems biased by the fact that several contacts of the ANDROID networks were in UK, the fact that ca. 50% of the projects are locate in North Europe seems still indicative, from a qualitative point of view, of a high engagement of these countries in interdisciplinary work on resilience. This consideration is also supported by the fact that Northern Europe includes only few and low populated countries, in comparison with the other European regions In the right graph, extra European countries (consisting, specifically, of United States, New Zealand, and Sri Lanka) are disaggregated by the rest of the European Countries, which are in turn divided in four regions: North European Countries (consisting of Norway, Iceland, and Greenland, plus the following EU countries: United Kingdom UK, Ireland IE, Denmark DK, Sweden SW, Norway, Finland FI, Iceland, Estonia EE, Latvia LV, and Lithuania LT); Central European Countries (consisting of Switzerland and Liechtenstein plus the EU countries: France FR, Austria AT, Germany DE, Netherlands NL, Luxembourg LU, Belgium BE); East European countries (consisting of Poland PT, Czech Republic CZ, Slovakia SK, Hungary HU, Bulgaria BG, and Romania RO); South European Countries (consisting of Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro and the following EU countries: Portugal PT, Spain ES, Italy IT, Greece GR, Cyprus CY, Malta MT, Slovenia SL).
- By observing the left chart of Fig. 3, it is seen that academics are by far the professional figures most involved in the projects. However, this datum could also be biased by the fact that ANDROID network is mostly composed by academics and a privileged distribution of the questionnaire to academics could be argued. The results should be therefore regarded as indicative of a significant numbers of different professions involved in resilience-related projects, as all suggested categories got at least 10 answers. Technology, geography, earth and space, and sociology seem to be the most required area of expertise in resilience-related projects. All disciplines indicated are represented in at least one project, with the sole exception of astrophysics. In addition to this, 18 projects indicated additional areas of expertise such as: geology, urban planning, risk management, climate and environmental science, architecture and civil engineering, and others.