5. IMPRESSIONISM
The Salon , or rarely Paris Salon (French: Salon de Paris),
beginning in 1725 was the official art exhibition of the Academie
des Beaux-Arts in Paris, France.
Between 1748–1890, it was the greatest annual or biannual art
event in the Western world. From 1881 onward, it has been
organized by the Societe des Artistes Francais.
6. IMPRESSIONISM
Claude Monet
Frederic Bazille
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Edgar Degas
They called themselves the Anonymous Society of
Painters, Sculptors, and Printmakers.
The show opened at about the same time as the
annual Salon, May 1874.
The Impressionists held eight exhibitions from 1874
through 1886.
7. IMPRESSIONISM
Claude Monet's Impression, Sunrise (Musée Marmottan
Monet, Paris) exhibited in 1874, gave the Impressionist
movement its name when the critic Louis Leroy accused it of
being a sketch or "impression," not a finished painting.
8. IMPRESSIONISM
It demonstrates the techniques many of the independent artists
adopted:
--short, broken brushstrokes that barely convey forms
-- pure and bright unblended colors
--mostly opaque, no glazes
--emphasis on the effects or play of natural light
--shadows and highlights rendered in color rather than neutrals, no
black pigment
-- loose brushwork gives an effect of spontaneity and effortlessness
that masks their often carefully constructed compositions
--casual style
15. IMPRESSIONISM
Rouen Cathedral: the portal 1800s
The critics didn't understand that this painting wasn't
about the cathedral, it was about the sunlight and
time of day the painting was made in.
Monet focused on the lighting of the object to create a
better understanding of the form.
It was more like a study of light and color. Critics
said he was destroying the form of art.
32. POST - IMPRESSIONISM
Post-Impressionists: A term that was coined by Roger Fry, an
artist and art critic (1866-1934) in his seminal exhibition
Manet and the Post-Impressionists installed at the Grafton
Galleries in London in 1910.
33. POST - IMPRESSIONISM
Georges Seurat
Vincent van Gogh
Paul Gaugain
Paul Cezanne
== a group of young painters who broke free from the
naturalism of Impressionism and pursued independent
approaches and styles in art.
44. POST - IMPRESSIONISM
Paul Gauguin
1848-1903
French artist Paul
Gauguin's bold colors,
exaggerated body
proportions and stark
contrasts helped him
achieve broad success
in the late 19th century.
Symbolism
50. POST - IMPRESSIONISM
He epitomized the reaction against it when he declared: ‘I wanted
to make of Impressionism something solid and enduring, like
the art in museums.’
Believing colour and form to be inseparable, he tried to
emphasize structure and solidity in his work, features he thought
neglected by the Impressionists.
51. POST - IMPRESSIONISM
For this reason he was a central figure in Post-Impressionism. He
rarely dated his works (and often did not sign them either), which
makes it hard to ascertain the chronology of his oeuvre with any
precision. Until the end of his life he received little public success and
was repeatedly rejected by the Paris Salon.
In his last years his work began to influence many younger artists,
including both the Fauves and the Cubists, making him a precursor of
20th-century art.
56. POST - IMPRESSIONISM
SUMMARY
According to the present state of discussion, Post-
Impressionism is a term best used within Rewald's
definition in a strictly historical manner, concentrating
on French art between 1886 and 1914, and re-
considering the altered positions of Impressionist
painters like Monet, Pissaro, Renoir, and others—as
well as all new brands at the turn of the century: from
Cloisonnism to Cubism. The declarations of war, in
July/August 1914, indicate probably far more than the
beginning of a World War—they signal a major break
in European cultural history, too.
58. JAPONISME
Japonisme, or Japonism, is a French term that was first
used by Jules Claretie in his book L’Art Francais en 1872.
It refers both to influence and style of Japanese art on
Western art.
Vincent Van Gogh
Portrait of Pere Tanguy
1887-1888
59. JAPONISME
Precedents:
Re-opening of Japanese trade with the West in 1854.
Introduction of Japanese arts and crafts in Europe like fans,
porcelains, woodcuts and fans.
60. JAPONISME
In 1862, a shop opens in Paris called “The Chinese Gate.”
The shop sold Japanese prints made from woodblocks,
which appealed greatly to 19th century artists. The best
Japanese prints could be found in Paris.
Kinryusan Temple at Asakusa: From the
series One Hundred Famous Views of Edo,
Edo period (1615–1868), 1856
Ando Hiroshige (Japanese, 1797–1858)
Oban format, woodblock print; ink and color
on paper
61. JAPONISME
Articles on Japanese prints and art techniques of the Edo
era were featured in French magazines and newspapers.
In 1867, Paris saw a formal exhibition of Japanese arts
when it joined the World Fair in Paris.
In the late 1800s, there were many French artists and
collectors that went to Japan.
Japanese Satsuma
pavillion at the French
Expo 1867.
63. JAPONISME
What did French artists admire about Japanese prints?
Its foreignness/exotic appeal.
Its uniqueness that comes from specific elements employed
by Japanese painters.
64. JAPONISME
One of these elements is the lack of distinction of shading
in Japanese prints. Artists, like Manet, who were influenced
by Japanese prints, began to break down distinctions
between depth.
Emphasis on flatness
65. JAPONISME
Another element is Japanese artists’ disregard for
symmetry, something that had defined a lot of western
European art. Japanese techniques were so different from
the Greco-Roman art that has been a primary influence on
western art for centuries.
66. JAPONISME
Other features include emphasis on nature, and recording
nature in an almost picturesque fashion, stressing the
verticality of their painting, and painting from aerial
perspective.
67. JAPONISME
There were so many artists influenced by Japanese prints,
like, van Gogh, Mary Cassatt, Gauguin, Whistler, Degas,
Monet, Gustav Klimt, and even the architect Frank Lloyd
Wright.
73. JAPONISME
The color harmonies, simple designs, asymmetrical
compositions, and flat forms of Japanese wood
block prints strongly influenced the composition of
Impressionist & Post-Impressionist art, graphic
design and even industrial products.