2. Prologue/Chapter 1
1. STRUCTURALISM
Structuralism studied
through introspection
which is looking
inward. A window like
the one shown allows
one to look into a
place just as
introspections goal is
to look into the mind.
3. Prologue/ Chapter 1
2. FUNCTIONALISM
Functionalism focuses on
how mental functions are
a stream on consciousness
that can be broken down.
These toys are attached
and are a stream of pieces
which can be broken
down.
4. Prologue/Chapter 1
3. BASIC RESEARCH
Basic Research increases
the scientific knowledge
base through PURE
science. This sugar is pure
sugar which increases the
taste of the food being
made.
5. Prologue/ Chapter 1
4. DOUBLE-BLIND PROCEDURE
This is a study when neither the
participant nor the researcher
knows who has been given the
placebo. These pill bottles look
identical but one could carry a real
medication while the other could
carry a sugar pill but no one could
notice the difference.
6. Chapter 2A
5. DENDRITE
A dendrite is a neuron that receives
messages from other cells. A phone
similarly receives messages from other
phones.
7. Chapter 2A
6. MYELIN SHEATH
The myelin sheath surrounds axon to
help speed up neural impulses. The
cone surrounds my dog’s head and
helps to speed up healing.
8. Chapter 2A
7. ENDORPHINS
These are neurotransmitters
linked to pain control and
pleasure. They are released
when a person exercises. This is
why when a person puts on her
sneakers and goes on a run
afterward she may feel happier.
9. Chapter 2A
8. PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Today at track there was a spider and the
brown haired girl was freaking out. The
blonder girl in the back represents the
parasympathetic nervous system as she
was able to calm the other to help
conserve her energy for the meet.
10. Chapter 2B
9. HYPOTHALAMUS
The hypothalamus directs
maintenance activities
including eating, drinking,
body temperature. The
thermostat like a
hypothalamus for the home
as it controls the heat of the
house.
11. Chapter 2B
10. FRONTAL LOBE
The frontal lobe is involved
in making plans and
judgments. The calendar
can be compared to the
frontal lobe because one
needs to check is before
making plans.
12. Chapter 2B
11. OCCIPITAL LOBE
This is area of the brain receive information
from the visual field. Glasses likewise help
information from the visual field be
obtained.
13. Chapter 2B
12. TEMPORAL LOBE
This area of the brain focuses
on receiving information from
sound. Headphones bring
these sounds to our ears
where they then are sent to
the temporal lobes on
opposite sides of the brain.
15. Chapter 3
14. DELTA WAVES
These take place in
deep sleep. They
are large and slow
waves that take
place while
sleeping. My dog is
also large and slow
and right now is
sleeping.
16. Chapter 3
15. LATENT DREAM CONTENT This
is the underlying meaning of the
dream. In much of literature
including Huck Finn it cannot be
taken word for word because
there is an underlying meaning
which needs to be examined.
17. Chapter 3
16. NARCOLEPSY
Joe falls into a deep
sleep in spanish on the
spot. It is possible that
he suffers from
narcolepsy which is a
disorder is
characterized by sudden
sleep attacks.
18. Chapter 5
17. SCHEMAS
These are
frameworks that
organize and
interpret
information. This
frame in the picture
organizes the three
pictures within it.
19. Chapter 5
18. OBJECT PERMANENCE This is
when something is not shown but
it is still known it exists. For
example someone who lacked
this would not believe the ball
existed if it were placed in this
bowl.
20. Chapter 5
19. PREOPERATIONAL STAGE
This stage is typically when a
child is roughly from the ages
2 to 6. During this time a child
learns a language. The
dictionary relates as it helps
teach languages to people.
21. Chapter 5
20. CONSERVATION
This is when something can
change shape yet a person
still believes it is the same
amount. For example 700ml
are filled in this water bottle
if it were dumped into
another bowl of a different
shape someone without
object permanence might
think that one contained
more than the other.
22. Chapter 6A
21. PSYCHOPHYSICS
This is the study of
physical characteristic
of stimuli and
experiences on them.
The sweatshirt has a
bright intensity and
therefore may have a
different effect on the
experience one has
with it.
23. Chapter 6A
22. ABSOLUTE THRESHOLD
This is the minimal amount
of stimulation needed to
notice something half the
time. The volume shows this
as some people have high
threshold than others so
while one person can hear
fine on 17 another may need
the volume at 23.
24. Chapter 6A
23. DIFFERENCE THRESHOLD
This is the amount of change
needed for it to be noticed half the
time. When someone gets her hair
highlighted she must get the color
to be a certain shade different
than her hair in order for it to be
noticed.
26. Chapter 6B
25. RODS
These retinal
receptors take in
black, white, and
gray making them
key in seeing
newspapers.
27. Chapter 6B
26. BLIND SPOT
This is a part of the eye
where there are not receptor
cells so one cannot see. In a
car there is parts where the
mirrors create no reflection
leaving areas where one
cannot see.
28. Chapter 6B
27. PLACE THEORY
At this kitchen table each of my family
members has a place. When my mom
makes dinner she links the place we sit to
which plate goes where. This is like the
place theory as the place the sound goes
correlates to the pitch heard.
29. Chapter 6B
28. HUMAN FACTOR PSYCHOLOGY
It is evident that a human factor
psychologist made this steering
wheel with the radio button in it so
that it will be easier and safer to
use.
30. Chapter 7A
29. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
When the doorbell rings my mother usually
responds by saying “I’ve got it.” Now when
the doorbell rings I anticipate hearing her
response, which displays classical
conditioning.
31. Chapter 7A
30. EXTINCTION
Occasionally these two lights
flicker. At first when they flickered I
checked the power box to see if a
fuse had blown. As I kept looking
the fuse never blown. My
response became extinct as the
condition stimulus of the flickering
lights did not follow the
unconditioned stimulus of a fuse
being blown.
32. Chapter 7A
31. OPERANT CONDITIOING
When I receive a good grade
on my report card my Nana
gives me money. This
therefore strengthens the
likelihood of me studying.
33. Chapter 7A
32. LAW OF EFFECT
When it came time for
midterms my sister did not
study for her history exam
instead she played a game on
her phone and she received a
decent grade. Now before
tests she does not study but
rather plays games on her
phone. This demonstrates the
law of effect as the effect of a
good grade influenced her to
play on her phone more.
34. Chapter 7B
33. FIXED-RATIO SCHEDULE
This card is under a fixed-ratio
schedule as reinforcement is given
after a certain amount of responses.
35. Chapter 7B
34. VARIABLE-RATIO SCHEDULE
On my cousin’s video game he
gets coins from these mysteries
boxes after receiving them an
unpredicted number of times
which describes a variable-
ration schedule.
36. Chapter 7B
35. FIXED-INTERVAL SCHEDULE
My paycheck is on a fixed-interval
schedule as I receive my check
after a set period of time: a week.
37. Chapter 7B
36. VARIABLE-INTERVAL SCHEDULE
I receive mail in this fashion because I
do not receive mail everyday yet after a
random amount of time I will find mail
in my mailbox.
38. Chapter 8
37. PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE
Math is and example of proactive
interference as growing up X
symbolized multiplication but now is
a variable. When switching students
may try multiplying when a variable
is actually what is intended.
39. Chapter 8
38. RECALL
This test required my sister to
retrieve information learned
earlier rather than recognize it.
40. Chapter 8
39. IMPLICIT MEMORY
Typing demonstrates
implicit memory as it is a
how to task that is
independent of conscious
recollection.
41. Chapter 8
40. CHUNKING
A phone number is an example
of chunking as people typically
break it down into three
groupings rather than trying to
memorize it as a whole.
42. Chapter 10A
41. FACTOR ANALYSIS
The SAT uses factor analysis to
get a score organizing it into
three factors: Math, Critical
Reading, and Writing.
43. Chapter 10A
42. WAIS
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence
Scale is an intelligence test that
includes many different factors
including a timing.
44. Chapter 10A
43. GARDNER
Gardner believed that there are
multiple intelligence. Feehan
acknowledges this as it takes into
account students can be talented in
more than just academia; students
could have Musical, Body-
kinesthetic, or spatial intelligence.
45. Chapter 10A
44. STERNBERG Sternberg also
acknowledges that intelligence is
more than just academia. He
broke it down into three groups:
analytical, practical, and creative.
This picture shows creative as a
temporary collar was made when
one was lost, this is reacting
adaptively to novel situations.
46. Chapter 10B
45. STANDARDIZATION
Divisionals of track are evident of
standardization as a persons times
are considered good or bad,
qualifying or not qualifying, based
on the pretested group, last years
qualifiers.
47. Chapter 10B
46. CONTENT VALIDITY
This test shows content validity
because it was a vocab quiz as
noted up top and it assessed
vocabulary terms.
48. Chapter 10B
47. SPLIT-HALF RELIABILITY
This test would have bad split half reliability if
it were split by odds and evens. Each of the
odds were wrong and evens rights so it would
appear that the test does yield consistent
results.
49. Chapter 10B
48. TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY
This can be used in sporting
events to show that the game
was won by skill not a fluke. This
keychain shows that the state
meet had good test-retest
reliability as a team was able to
win two years in a row.
50. Chapter 11
49. DRIVE-REDUCTION THEORY
This theory focuses on the fact that a
physiological need creates a drive that
an organism attempts to satisfy. Here
the hungry student satisfies that need
by eating crackers and drinking a water.
51. Chapter 11
50. I/O PSYCHOLOGY
An I/O psychologist might
consider this setup when
creating a workplace as the
comfort could possibly
optimize human behavior in
the workplace.
52. Chapter 11
51. OPTIMUM AROUSAL THEORY
This theory states that some
people need and search for more
arousal than others to reach a state
of optimum arousal. For example
some people might find the action
of this book unnecessary while my
dad reads them in order to reach a
state of optimum arousal.
53. Chapter 11
52. INCENTIVE
My family and I use incentives to get my dog
outside when we have guests over. We do this
by giving dog bones at the door.
54. Chapter 12A
53. CANNON-BARD TOE
This theory of emotion says that
the the physiological response
and experienced emotion
happen at the same time. If one
were to view this as a race the
two aspects would come in a tie.
55. Chapter 12A
54. SCHACHTER’S TWO-FACTOR TOE
If Schachter’s two-factor TOE was used to
describe the picture to the right it would
be said that the physiological aspects, the
smile, as well as the label “I’m happy,”
allow her to experience the emotion of
happiness.
56. Chapter 12A
55. FACIAL FEEDBACK
This picture could displays
facial feedback that by
smiling the girl is therefore
becoming happier.
57. Chapter 12A
56. PAUL EKMAN
Paul Ekman studied smiles.
He would quickly notice my
sister’s feigned smile as her
eyes are not slightly squinted
and her cheek bones are not
raised.
58. Chapter 12B
57. ADAPTATION-LEVEL PHENOMENON
This is when something is judge in relation to a
neutral level defined by our prior experiences.
The coldness to one from this ice cube would be
determined by comparison of the heat his or
her skin was previously at and then they would
adjust.
59. Chapter 12B
58. GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME
This is the process in which the body
deals with stress it begins with alarm,
resistance, and ends with exhaustion.
Right now I am faced with the stress of
preparing for AP exams at first I was
alarmed, next I resisted procrastinating
and studied, lastly I will hope to succumb
to the exhaustion step in my bed pictured
to the right.
60. Chapter 12B
59. TYPE A
This type of personality describes a a
person who is competitive, hard-
driving, impatient, verbally aggressive,
and anger prone. A person who is
extremely aggressive in a basketball
may have a type A personality.
61. Chapter 12B
60. TYPE B
This type of personality
describes a person who is
relaxed and easygoing. The
boy in the slide to the right
displays a type B personality
as before a big meet is
unstressed and relaxing.
62. Chapter 13
61. FREE ASSOCIATION
This is when a person says whatever
comes to mind no matter how
embarrassing or personal. A diary is like
this in a way that people write whatever
comes to mind.
63. Chapter 13
62. EGO
The ego is the middle man between the
superego and the id. It is needed to find a
balance. This door separates and outdoor
room and an indoor room. In the winter it
can be like the ego as it can be opened just
a little to balance the heat.
64. Chapter 13
63. REACTION FORMATION
This is when a person finds an impulse
unacceptable so it changes it to the
opposite which is something
acceptable. A blender is similar as it
changes something such as
strawberries, and bananas to a
smoothie.
65. Chapter 13
64. SPOTLIGHT EFFECT
This is when a person
overestimates others noticing;
it is as if they think the
spotlight is on them. This
happens to me with
presentations as
demonstrated in the index
card which has been crumpled
in a sweaty hand.
