The presentation going to give the basic idea to the student pursuing B.Sc.(AG) during RAWE Programme

1. RURAL AGRICULTURAL WORK EXPERIENCE (RAWE)
2020-21
BY:
KUMARI GAYATRI PATI
3018
MITS Institute of Professional Studies (MIPS)
Sriram Vihar,Bhujabala
Kolnara-765017,Rayagada(Odisha)

2. “The Discovery of Agriculture was the first big step towards a civilized society “– Arthur
Kieth
• Agriculture is the mainstay of Indian Economy which plays a crucial role in Indian
economy development.
• The Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) programme is being conducted every
year in 7th semester.
RURAL AGRICULTURAL WORK EXPERIENCE (RAWE)
• Agricultural education is an important tool in ensuring increased agricultural productivity,
sustainability and environmental and ecological security, profitability, job security and
equity.
• In India RANDHWA Committee (1992) recommended the rural agricultural work
experience (RAWE) programme for imparting quality, practical and production oriented
education for agriculture degree programme.
INTRODUCTION

3. PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL( PRA )
• PRA is a process of involving local people in the analysis and interpretation of local situation.
• It is the process of involvement with the rural people for indigenous knowledge building exercise.
• It is a way of learning from villagers and with their support to investigate, analyze and evaluate constraints
and opportunities.
• The participation of rural people can be facilitated through PRA for planning, implementing and monitoring
of rural developing programme.
ORIENTATION PROGRAMME
• Before direct exposure to the village there was an orientation programme in an online meeting platform from
10/08/2020.
• The motto of this programme was to aware the students about the works to be done during the whole semester.
• During this week we were able to learn about the techniques of PRA.
• All the faculty members of different departments helped us to understand and practice all the exercises regarding
PRA.

4. RAPPORT BUILDING WITH THE VILLAGERS
• I’m assigned to a village i.e. Netua. That village was almost 2 km
away from my residence.
• I introduced myself as 4th yr. B.Sc ( Ag ) students from MITS
Institute of Professional studies, Rayagada and described the
motto of our visit.
• I put forward numerous questions regarding the village history,
crop grown, standard of living of the people, organizations and
institutions, available resources, problems and opportunities.
• I arrived at sensitive and important issues using open ended
questions. I requested them to help us in mapping, modeling,
transect walk and other PRA activities and they showed
enthusiastic and active participating.

5. VILLAGE NETUA- AT A GLANCE
Land Use Pattern:
 Total Geographical Area: 345 acres
 Land Under Cultivation: 190 acres
 Pasture land: 40 acres
 Residential area: 115 acres
 Total Population:2050
 Total Male:1120
 Total Female:930
Soil type:
i. Upland: Sandy loam
ii. Medium land: Sandy loam
iii. Lowland: Clay loam
 Name of village: Netua
 Gram Panchayat: Nikirei
 Block: Derabish
 District: Kendrapara
 Police Station: Chotty
 Post Office: Chotty

6. LITERATE 80%
ILLITERATE 20%
LITERACY
77%
23%
MALE
LITRATE
ILLITRATE 83%
17%
FEMALE
LITRATE
ILLITRATE
70%
25%
5%
OCCUPATIONS
FARMING SERVICE HOLDER BUSINESS

7. 5%
15%
50%
20%
10%
FARMER'S CATEGORY
LAND LESS
MARGINAL FARMER(<1ha)
SMALL FARMER(1-2 ha)
MEDIUM FARMER(2-4ha)
LARGE FARMER(>4ha)
25%
30%
35%
10%
Communication Media
Television Mobile Phone News Paper Radio

9. The survey on village NETUA provides the following findings:
1. No. of households: 368
2. Total population: 2050
Religious institutions:
 Mahapurusa Mandir
 Sai Baba Mandir
 Tarini Maa Mandir
 Shiva Mandir
 Hanuman Mandir
 Bhagabat Tungi
Social Institutions:
 NETUA PRIMARY SCHOOL (estd.1955)
 Panchayat Office

10. SOCIAL MAP
• Social map is a map which depicts the different social structures like caste structure, religion and
social institutions.

11. CROP MAP:
• It is a kind of map where different types of crops are grown in the locality are represented in a map.
• The purpose is to know the potential crop area, main crop, varieties, cropping system, pattern, etc.

12. TRANSECT WALK
• It is a systemic walk along with a definite pattern across the village with the local people to explore
different locations and distribution of resources, landscape, main land uses along a transect section.

13. RESOURCE MAP
• The Village Resource Map is a tool that helps us to learn about a community and its resource base.
• We can learn what natural resources are found in the community and how they are used from the map.

14. ENTERPRISE MAP
• It contains various enterprises those are present in the village.
• It includes various enterprises like poultry unit, fishery unit, diary unit, goat unit and various agro
industries.

15. HYDROLOGY MAP
• A hydrology map depicts the location of different water sources like pond, river, canal, tube wells etc.

16. TIMELINE MAP
• It is chronology or sequence of events that have taken place in a particular village or area or
community.
• These may relate general, historical events of the village or to specify the subject or sectors such as
health, education, agriculture, animal husbandry and allied sectors.

17. DAILY WORK PROFILE
• Daily work profile describes how villagers (male & female) spend a day of 24 hours along with different kinds
of activities and time allotted for each activity.

19. MOBILITY MAP
• It is used to understand the place travelled, resources, collected resources will be available within the PRA other on
the boundaries of the community and to identify the means of transportation.

20. SEASONALITY
• Seasonality is an exercise to determine seasonal pattern in rural area as related to farming practices attempts to
establish regular cycle or pattern of activity and occurrence within a community over 12 months.
• It determines the seasonal calendar as understood and practiced by the villagers.

21. • In village NETUA, the major problem in crops are pests. Pests
like stem borer, Fruit and shoot borer and fruit fly which
causes the major damage in crops like Paddy, Brinjal, Okra,
etc. causing serious damage in yield of the crops.
How does a Pheromone trap work?
• Males are attracted to a powder containing female attractant
pheromones. The pheromones stick to the males’ bodies, and
when they fly off, the pheromones make them attractive to
other males. It is hoped that if enough males chase other
males instead of females, egg-laying will be severely
impeded.
DEMONSTRATION ON PHEREMONE TRAP

22. LAND INVENTORY:
DETAILS OF HOST FARMER
• NAME OF THE HOST FARMER : - Suresh Mahapatra
• AGE: 42
• EDUCATION: 10th pass
• TYPE OF FAMILY: Joint Family
• MAIN OCCUPATON: Farming
SL.NO PARTICULARS IRRIGATION DRY LAND TOTAL
AREA IN ha Area in ha
Area
owned
Area Owned 3.4 ha NILL 3.4 ha
Leased in
/Leased
out
------------------- -------------------- ---------------------
-
--------------------
OWNLAND PARTICULARS
SL.NO TYPE OF LAND AREA (In Ha)
1 UPLAND 0.6
2 LOWLAND 2
3 MEDIUM LAND 0.8
TOTAL 3.4

23. Family Particulars :
SL.NO NAME REALTION TO H. F GENDER AGE EDUCATION
1 Suresh Mahapatra HOST FARMER MALE 42 10THPASS
2 Monaja Mahapatra WIFE FEMALE 38 10TH PASS
3 Jagabandhu Mahapatra FATHER MALE 88 8TH PASS
4 Ramani Mahapatra MOTHER FEMALE 75 7TH PASS
5 Srinivas Mahapatra BROTHER MALE 54 B.ED. PASS
6 Tulasi Rout SISTER-IN-LAW FEMALE 48 B. ED PASS
7 Akash Mahapatra Nephew MALE 24 B.Sc PASS
8 Arpita Mahapatra Niece FEMALE 14 9TH CLASS
9 Arjita Mahapatra Daughter FEMALE 13 8TH CLASS
10 Arab Mahapatra Son MALE 8 3RD CLASS
CROPPING PATTERN:
SEASON CROP AREA
KHARIF RICE (Gayatri CR1018) 2 Ha
RICE (Dhani) 0.9 Ha
RABI GREEN GRAM (PD - 54) 1.2 Ha
SUMMER COLOCASIA (Desi VAR.) 0.3 Ha
POINTEDGOURD (Desi VAR.) 0.2 Ha
TOTAL OPERATIONAL AREA = 3.4 Ha
CROPPING INTENSITY =
𝑮𝑹𝑶𝑺𝑺𝑬𝑫 𝑪𝑹𝑶𝑷 𝑨𝑹𝑬𝑨
𝑵𝑬𝑻 𝑪𝑼𝑳𝑻𝑰𝑽𝑨𝑻𝑬𝑫 𝑨𝑹𝑬𝑨
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
=
𝟒.𝟔
𝟑.𝟒
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎% = 𝟏𝟑𝟓%

24. Cropping scheme previous year
Area
(ha)
Crops
&
variety
Field preparation Irrigation
Source Weeding
Yield
Obtained
(q/ha)
2 ha
Rice
GAYATRI
(CR-1018)
Tillage,
Puddling
(Tractor)
CANAL,
BORE WELL
HAND WEEDING
1-2 times
50q/ha
0.9 ha
Rice
(DHANI)
Tillage,
Puddling
(Tractor)
CANAL,
BORE WELL
HAND WEEDING
1-2 times
45q/ha
1.2ha Green Gram
(PD-54)
Ploughing
(Tractor)
CANAL,
BORE WELL
HAND WEEDING
1 time
8q/ha
AGRONOMIC CROP PRODUCTION

25. IDENTIFICATION OF WEEDS IN CROP FIELD
SI.NO. CROP COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME
1 RICE
Deccan grass Echinochloa colonum
Yellow nutsedge Cyperus iria
Doob grass Cyanodon dactylon
Nut grass Cyperus rotundus
2 GREEN GRAM
Grass Cynodon dactylon
Garden spurge Euphorbia hirta
Amaranth Amaranthus viridis

26. AGRO-ECONOMICS OF RICE (Gayatri CR- 1018)
Area under cultivation: 2 ha
Soil type: Sandy Loam
Source of Irrigation: Canal
Cost Of Cultivation (in Rs) Rs 54,960
Yield (in quintal) 100 quintal
Main Yield (Rice) (in Rs) Rs 186,800
By Product (Straw) (in Rs) Rs 8,000
Total Return Rs 194,800
Net Income Rs 139,840
Benefit: Cost Ratio 3.54
AGRO-ECONOMICS OF RICE (Dhani)
Area under cultivation: 0.9 ha
Soil type: Sandy Loam
Source of Irrigation: Canal
Cost Of Cultivation (in Rs) Rs 25,148
Yield (in quintal) 40 quintal
Main Yield (Rice) (in Rs) Rs 74,720
By Product (Straw) (in Rs) Rs 3,500
Total Return Rs 78,220
Net Income Rs 53,072
Benefit: Cost Ratio 3.15

27. AGRO-ECONOMICS OF GREEM GRAM(PD-54)
Area under cultivation: 1.2 ha
Soil type: Sandy Loam
Source of Irrigation: Bore Well
Cost Of Cultivation (in Rs) Rs 18,396
Yield (in quintal) 9 quintal
Total Return (Rs 80/ kg) Rs 72,000
Net Income Rs 53,604
Benefit: Cost Ratio 4.17

28. HORTICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION
 Horticultural crops host farmer grows: Colocasia, Pointed Gourd,
Cauliflower, Potato.
• Total area under Horticultural Crops (in ha): 0.5 ha (1.2 acre)
Crops information:
PREVIOUS SEASON PRESENT SEASON NEXT SEASON
CROP DURATION CROP DURATION CROP DURATION
Plot 1 POINTED
GOURD
DEC - MAR COLOCASIA APR - SEPT CAULIFLOWER OCT - DEC
Plot 2 POTATO DEC - MAR POINTED
GOURD
MAR - JUL CAULIFLOWER OCT - DEC

29. Seed or planting materials
FIELD PREPARATION
TIME OF PLANTING:
•COLOCASIA (APRIL)
•POINTED GOURD (MARCH)
Crop Variety Planting materials Source of seed
Colocasia Bali saru
(Desi)
Cormels Private
Pointed Gourd Desi Root Sucker (Ganda) Own Material
Cauliflower 4051 Seeds Private
SYSTEM OF PLANTING CROP SPACING (in cm) POPULATION
RECTANGULAR
COLOCASIA 40×45 5 plant/1m2
POINTED GOURD 120×90 1 plant/1m2

30. PROTECTED CUTIVATION
Low cost Polyhouses are adopted
for raising of cauliflower seedlings.

31. Cost Of Cultivation (in Rs) Rs 15,719
Yield (in quintal) 33 quintal
Total Return (Rs 22/ kg) Rs 72,600
Net Income Rs 56,880
Benefit: Cost Ratio 4.61
HORTICULTURAL ECONOMICS OF COLOCASIA
Area under cultivation: 0.3 ha
Soil type: Sandy Loam
Source of Irrigation: Canal, Borewell

32. Cost Of Cultivation (in Rs) Rs 14,334
Yield (in quintal) 20 quintal
Total Return (Rs 25/ kg) Rs 50,000
Net Income Rs 35,666
Benefit: Cost Ratio 3.48
HORTICULTURAL ECONOMICS OF POINTED GOURD
Area under cultivation: 0.2 ha
Soil type: Sandy Loam
Source of Irrigation: Canal, Borewell

33. Monitoring the crops for Disease Occurrences and seeking of remedies
CROP DISEASE REMEDY GIVEN BY EXPERTS
RICE BLAST Use of Systematic fungicides like Tricyclazole22% + Hexaconazole 3%
COLOCASIA PHYTOPHTHORA BLIGHT Use of Systematic fungicide metalaxyl or non-systematic fungicides like
copper oxychloride, mancozeb as foliar spray.
POINTEDGOURD CEROSPORA LEAF BLIGHT Mixing Fungicides like Topsin and protectant fungicide at ¾ ratio and
sprayed.
BRINJAL
CEROSPORA LEAF BLIGHT Mixing Fungicides like Topsin and protectant fungicide at ¾ ratio and
sprayed.
PHOMOPSIS BLIGHT Use of Carbendazim 50% is effective.
LITTLE LEAF
Cypermethrin and Dimethoate used to suppress vectors. The infected plant
should be pulled out from the field to prevent infection in other plants.
OKRA Y.M. V Seed treatment followed by two spray application of imidacloprid at 15 days
interval.
CROP PROTECTION
CROP PATHOLOGY

34. Crop Diseases found during Survey:
Phytophthora Blight of Colocasia Cercospora Blight of Brinjal Phomopsis Blight of Brinjal
Yellow Mosaic Virus of Okra Blast of Rice False smut of Rice

35. Crop variety: Rice (Gayatri (CR-1018), Colocasia (Desi),
Pointed Gourd (Desi), Brinjal (Desi), Okra (Desi)
ENTOMOLOGY
Crop Common
Name
Local Name Scientific Name Damaging Stage
of Pest
RICE CASEWORM ପାଣ୍ଡେରି ଣ୍ଡପାକ Parapoynx stagnalis Larval Stage
COLOCASIA CORM BORER ଣ୍ଡ ାଳି ଣ୍ଡପାକ Haplosonyx chalybaeus Grub Stage
POINTEDGOURD WHITE FLY ଗୁେି ଣ୍ଡପାକ Bemicia tabaci
BRINJAL FRUIT AND
SHOOT BORER
କାେବିନ୍ଧା ଣ୍ଡପାକ Leucinodes orbonalis Larval Stage
OKRA FRUIT AND
SHOOT BORER
ଫଳବିନ୍ଧା ଣ୍ଡପାକ Earias vitella Larval Stage
Observation on different pest species

36. Pests found during Survey:
Corm Borer
Haplosonyx chalybaeus
White Fly
Aleyrodidae
Fruit and Shoot Borer
Leucinodes orbonalis
Okra fruit and Shoot Borer
Earias vitella
Epilachna Beetle
Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata
Case worm
Paraponyx stagnalis

37. Observation of control methods
Sl. No Insect Type of Control Method
Adopted
Control Measure
1 Caseworm Chemical LETHAL SUPER 505
DOSE: 100 ml /5ltrs of water
2 Corm Borer Chemical LETHAL SUPER 505
DOSE: 100 ml /5ltrs of water
3 Brinjal fruit and shoot
Borer
Chemical E-MATE
DOSE:100ml/5ltrs of water
4
Okra fruit and shoot
Borer
Chemical
E-MATE
DOSE: 50gm/5ltrs of water
5 White Fly Chemical
SHARP (Acetamirphid 20%)
DOSE:50gm/15 ltrs of water

38. POPULATION:
HYDROLOGICAL SOURCE:
VILLAGE DEMOGRAPHY:
FAMILY CLASSIFICATION:
RURAL ECONOMICS
SL.NO OCCUPATION NO. OF FAMILIES INVOLVED
1 FARMING/ AGRICULTURE 243
2 GOVT.JOBS 110
3 PRIVATE SECTOR 32
4 AGRI LABOURS 15
5 BUISNESS 3
TOTAL 403
SEX TOTAL
NO.
% OF POPULATION
MALE 1120 54.63%
FEMALE 930 45.36
TOTAL 2050 100%
SL.NO SOURCE NO. OF AVALIABLE SOURCE
1 CANAL 1
2 BOREWELL 5
3 POND 2

39. MARKET FACILITIES
AGRO-BASED INDUSTRIES:
SL.NO AGRO-BASED
INDUSTRY
AVALIABLE IN
VILLAGE
NEAREST AREA
1 RICE MILL NO CHATTA (1.3Kms)
2 FLOUR MILL NO CHATTA (2 Kms)
3 OIL MILL NO TINIMUHANI
(8Kms)
SL.NO MARKET TYPE AVALIABLE
IN VILLAGE
NEAREAST
PLACE
DISTANCE
1 WEEKLY HAAT NO NIKIREI 4.5Kms
3 DAILY NEED YES CHATTA 2 Kms
4 MANDI NO DERABISH 1.5Kms

40. EXISTING PLAN
COST OF CULTIVATION OF RICE [GAYATRI (CR 1018)] ACCORDING TO COST CONCEPT
PARTICULARS QUANTITY/Ha RATE COST / Ha
(In Rs)
Seed 100kg Rs 32/KG Rs 3200
Plant
Protection
Rs 1000
Manure (FYM) 3 TON. Rs 700/TRIP Rs 700
Fertilizer
(UREA,
GROMMER,
MOP)
UREA-65kg
GROMMER- 107kg
MOP- 50kg
Rs 390/65KG UREA
Rs2890/107KG GROMMER
Rs 800/50KG MOP
Rs 4080
Hired human
labour
LABOUR CHARGE Rs300/DAY
FIELD PREPARATION- ----------------5NOS
NURSERY RAISING [1000sq.mt] ----6NOS
TRANSPLANTING----------------------8 NOS
APPLICATION OF FYM--------------- 3 NOS
AND FERTILIZER
WEEDING AND INTERCULTURE----7 NOS
HARVESTING---------------------------10NOS
BAGGING AND OTHER----------------7NOS
Rs 1500
Rs 1800
Rs 2400
Rs 900
Rs 2100
Rs 3000
Rs 2100
Rs 13800
Machinery
labour (hired)
USED FOR 4 HRS Rs 800/hr Rs 3200
Irrigation
charges
Rs 300/hr Rs 1500
Land revenue Rs 310
Cost A1 = Rs 27,790
Cost A2 = Cost A1 + rent paid for leased-in land.
= Rs 27,790 + NILL = Rs 27,790
Cost B1 = Cost A1+ interest on value of owned capital assets (excluding
land).
= Rs 27,790 + NILL = Rs 27,790
Cost B2 = Cost B1+ rental value of owned land (net of land revenue)
= Rs 27,790 + Rs 310 = Rs 28,100
Cost C1 = Cost B1 + Imputed value of Family labour.
= Rs 27,790 + Rs 900 = Rs 28,690
Cost C2 = Cost B2 + Imputed value of Family labour.
= Rs 28,100 + Rs 900 = Rs 29,000
COST OF CULTIVATION FOR 2 Ha OF LAND (GAYATRI CR-1018) is Rs 58,000

41. •RETURNS:
price/2Ha QUANTITY/2Ha
MAIN YIELD (GRAINS) Rs 186,800 10,000 kg (100 qtl), Rs 1868/qtl
BY PRODUCT (STRAW) Rs 8000
TOTAL Rs 194,800
INCOME = Rs 194,800
EXPENDITURE = Rs 58,000
NET INCOME = Rs 194,800 – Rs 58,000 = Rs 136,800
𝑩𝑬𝑵𝑬𝑭𝑰𝑻 𝑪𝑶𝑺𝑻 𝑹𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑶 =
𝑹𝒔 𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟎
𝑹𝒔 𝟓𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎
= 𝟑. 𝟑𝟓

42. PARTICULARS QUANTITY/Ha RATE COST / Ha
(In Rs)
Seed 90kg Rs 40/KG Rs 3600
Plant
Protection
Rs 1000
Manure (FYM) 3 TON. Rs 700/TRIP Rs 700
Fertilizer
(UREA,
GROMOR,
MOP)
N(Urea)-62kg
N&P(Gromor)-110kg
K(MOP)-50kg
Rs 372/62KG UREA
Rs2970/110KG GROMOR
Rs 800/50KG MOP
Rs 4142
Hired human
labour
LABOUR CHARGE Rs 300/DAY
FIELD PREPARATION- -----------------5NOS
NURSERY RAISING [1000sq.mt] ----6NOS
TRANSPLANTING-----------------------8 NOS
APPLICATION OF FYM--------------- 3 NOS
AND FERTILIZER
WEEDING AND INTERCULTURE----7 NOS
HARVESTING---------------------------10NOS
BAGGING AND STORAGE------------7NOS
Rs 1500
Rs 1800
Rs 2400
Rs 900
Rs 2100
Rs 3000
Rs 2100
Rs 13800
Machinery
labour (hired)
USED FOR 4 HRS Rs 800/hr Rs 3200
Irrigation
charges
Rs 300/hr Rs 1500
Land Revenue Rs 310
Cost A1 = Rs 28,252
Cost A2 = Cost A1 + rent paid for leased-in land.
= Rs 28,252+ NILL = Rs 28,252
Cost B1 = Cost A1+ interest on value of owned capital assets (excluding
land).
= Rs 28,252 + NILL = Rs 28,252
Cost B2 = Cost B1+ rental value of owned land (net of land revenue)
= Rs 28,252 + Rs 310 = Rs 28,562
Cost C1 = Cost B1 + Imputed value of Family labour.
= Rs 28,252+ Rs 900 = Rs 29,152
Cost C2 = Cost B2 + Imputed value of Family labour.
= Rs 28,562 + Rs 900 = Rs 29,462
COST OF CULTIVATION OF RICE (DHANI var.) FOR 0.9 Ha OF LAND is Rs 26,516
COST OF CULTIVATION OF RICE (DHANI Var.) ACCORDING TO COST CONCEPT

43. •RETURNS:
RATE/0.9 Ha QUANTITY/0.9 Ha
MAIN YIELD (Grains) Rs 74,720 40 qtl (Rs 1868/qtl)
BY PRODUCT (Straw) Rs 3500
TOTAL Rs 78,220
Gross Return = Rs 78,220
Cost Of cultivation = Rs 26,516
Net Income = Gross Return – Cost Of cultivation
= Rs 78,220 – Rs 26,516 = Rs 51,704
𝑩𝑬𝑵𝑬𝑭𝑰𝑻 𝑪𝑶𝑺𝑻 𝑹𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑶 =
𝑮𝑹𝑶𝑺𝑺 𝑹𝑬𝑻𝑼𝑹𝑵
𝑪𝑶𝑺𝑻 𝑶𝑭 𝑪𝑼𝑳𝑻𝑰𝑽𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵
𝑩𝑬𝑵𝑬𝑭𝑰𝑻 𝑪𝑶𝑺𝑻 𝑹𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑶 =
𝑹𝒔 𝟕𝟖, 𝟐𝟐𝟎
𝑹𝒔 𝟐𝟔, 𝟓𝟏𝟔
= 𝟐. 𝟗𝟒

44. PARTICULARS QUANTITY/Ha RATE COST / Ha
(In Rs)
Seed 30kg Rs 80/KG Rs 2400
Plant
Protection
Rs 500
Manure (FYM) 4 TON. Rs 700/TRIP Rs 700
Fertilizer
(DAP, MOP)
N&P(DAP) = 90 kg
K(MOP)-35kg
Rs 2070/90KG DAP
Rs 560/35KG MOP Rs 2630
Hired human
labour
LABOUR CHARGE Rs300/DAY
FIELD PREPARATION- ----------------3NOS
SEED SOWING -------------------------3NOS
APPLICATION OF FYM--------------- 3 NOS
AND FERTILIZER
WEEDING AND INTERCULTURE-- --5 NOS
HARVESTING----------------------------5 NOS
BAGGING AND STORAGE-------------4NOS
Rs 900
Rs 900
Rs 900
Rs 1500
Rs 1500
Rs 1200
Rs 6900
Machinery
labour (hired)
USED FOR 2 HRS Rs 800/hr Rs 1600
Irrigation
charges
Rs 300/hr Rs 600
Land Revenue Rs 310
TOTAL Rs 15,640
Cost A1 = Rs 15,640
Cost A2 = Cost A1 + rent paid for leased-in land.
= Rs 15,640+ NILL = Rs 15,640
Cost B1 = Cost A1+ interest on value of owned capital assets (excluding
land).
= Rs 15,640 + NILL = Rs 15,640
Cost B2 = Cost B1+ rental value of owned land (net of land revenue)
= Rs 15,640 + Rs 310 = Rs 15,950
Cost C1 = Cost B1 + Imputed value of Family labour.
= Rs 15,640+ Rs 900 = Rs 16,540
Cost C2 = Cost B2 + Imputed value of Family labour.
= Rs 15,950 + Rs 900 = Rs 16,850
COST OF CULTIVATION OF Green Gram (PD-54) FOR 1.2 Ha is Rs 20,220
COST OF CULTIVATION OF Green Gram (PD-54) ACCORDING TO COST CONCEPT

45. •RETURNS:
RATE/1.2 Ha QUANTITY/1.2 Ha
MAIN YIELD Rs 80,000 10 qtl ; Rs 80/Kg
TOTAL Rs 80,000
Gross Return = Rs 80,000
Cost Of cultivation = Rs 20,220
Gross Income = Gross Return – Cost Of cultivation
= Rs 80,000 – Rs 20,220 = Rs 59,780
𝑩𝑬𝑵𝑬𝑭𝑰𝑻 𝑪𝑶𝑺𝑻 𝑹𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑶 =
𝑮𝑹𝑶𝑺𝑺 𝑹𝑬𝑻𝑼𝑹𝑵
𝑪𝑶𝑺𝑻 𝑶𝑭 𝑪𝑼𝑳𝑻𝑰𝑽𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵
𝑩𝑬𝑵𝑬𝑭𝑰𝑻 𝑪𝑶𝑺𝑻 𝑹𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑶 =
𝑹𝒔 𝟖𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑹𝒔 𝟐𝟎, 𝟐𝟐𝟎
= 𝟑. 𝟗𝟓

46. EXPENDITURE QUANTITY & RATE/Ha COST
(Rs)/1Ha
1. Inputs (1 ha)
a. Planting material (Cormels) 1500kg/ha; Rs12/kg Rs 18,000
b. FYM 160q/ha; Rs 700/trip Rs 2800
c. Fertilizers
GROMOR
UREA
MOP
89kg/ha; Rs 1350/50kg
120kg/ha; Rs 271/45kg
167kg/ha; Rs 800/50kg
Rs 2403
Rs 723
Rs 2672
d. Irrigation (electric motor, pipe etc.) Rs 300/hr Rs 1800
e. PP chemicals Rs 2500
f. Weedicides Rs 500
g. Others Rs 1000
2. Ploughing (tractor) Rs 1200/hr Rs 6000
3. Weeding, earthing up, training, pruning etc. 7 Man; Rs 300/day;
For 3days
Rs 6300
4. Labours in irrigation 2 Man; Rs 300/day; For 2 day Rs 1200
5. Harvesting cost 5 Man: Rs 300/day: For 5 days Rs 4500
6.Miscellaneous Rs 2000
7. Land Revenue Rs 310
TOTAL EXPENDITURE Rs 52,708
Cost A1 = Rs 52,708
Cost A2 = Cost A1 + rent paid for leased-in land.
= Rs 52,708+ NILL = Rs 52,708
Cost B1 = Cost A1+ interest on value of owned capital assets (excluding
land).
= 52,708 + NILL = Rs 52,708
Cost B2 = Cost B1+ rental value of owned land (net of land revenue)
= Rs 52,708 + Rs 310 = Rs 53,018
Cost C1 = Cost B1 + Imputed value of Family labour.
= Rs 52,708 + Rs 900 = Rs 53,608
Cost C2 = Cost B2 + Imputed value of Family labour.
= Rs 53,018 + Rs 900 = Rs 53,918
COST OF CULTIVATION FOR 0.3Ha OF LAND = Rs 16,175
COST OF CULTIVATION OF COLOCASIA ACCORDING TO COST CONCEPT

47. •RETURNS:
RATE QUANTITY/0.3Ha
MAIN
PRODUCT
Rs 22/kg 33q/0.3Ha
TOTAL Rs 72,600
INCOME = Rs 72,600
EXPENDITURE = Rs 16,175
NET INCOME = Rs 72,600 – Rs 16,175 = Rs 56,425
𝑩𝑬𝑵𝑬𝑭𝑰𝑻 𝑪𝑶𝑺𝑻 𝑹𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑶 =
𝑹𝒔 𝟕𝟐𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝑹𝒔 𝟏𝟔𝟏𝟕𝟓
= 𝟒. 𝟒𝟖

48. EXPENDITURE QUANTITY & RATE COST
(Rs)/1ha
1. Inputs (1 ha)
a. Planting material (Root Suckers) 120kg/ha; Rs150/kg Rs 18,000
b. FYM 60q/ha; Rs 700/trip Rs 1400
c. Fertilizers
GROMOR
UREA
MOP
214 kg/ha; Rs 1350/50kg
65 kg/ha; Rs 271/45kg
100 kg/ha; Rs 800/50kg
Rs 5,778
Rs 391
Rs 1600
d. Irrigation (electric motor, pipe etc.) Rs 300/hr Rs 1000
e. PP chemicals Rs 2500
f. Weedicides Rs 500
g. Others Rs 1000
2. Ploughing (tractor) Rs 1200/hr Rs 6000
3. Weeding, earthing up, training, pruning
etc.
10 Man; Rs 300/day; For3days Rs 9000
4. Labours in irrigation 5 Man; Rs 300/day; For 1 day Rs 1500
5. Harvesting cost 10 Man: Rs 300/day: For 7 days Rs 21000
6.Miscellaneous Rs 2000
7 . Land revenue Rs310
TOTAL EXPENDITURE Rs 71,979
Cost A1 = Rs 71,979
Cost A2 = Cost A1 + rent paid for leased-in land.
= Rs 71,979 + NILL = Rs 71,979
Cost B1 = Cost A1+ interest on value of owned capital assets (excluding
land).
= Rs 71,979 + NILL = Rs 71,979
Cost B2 = Cost B1+ rental value of owned land (net of land revenue)
= Rs 71,979 + Rs 310 = Rs 72,289
Cost C1 = Cost B1 + Imputed value of Family labour.
= Rs 71,979 + Rs 900 = Rs 72,879
Cost C2 = Cost B2 + Imputed value of Family labour.
= Rs 72,289 + Rs 900 = Rs 73,189
COST OF CULTIVATION FOR 0.2Ha OF LAND =14,638
COST OF CULTIVATION OF POINTED GOURD ACCORDING TO COST CONCEPT

49. •RETURNS:
RATE QUANTITY/0.2
MAIN
PRODUCT
Rs 25/kg 20q/0.2Ha
TOTAL Rs 50,000
INCOME = Rs 50,000
EXPENDITURE = Rs 14,638
NET INCOME = Rs 50,000 – Rs 14,638 = Rs 35,362
𝑩𝑬𝑵𝑬𝑭𝑰𝑻 𝑪𝑶𝑺𝑻 𝑹𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑶
𝑹𝒔𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑹𝒔𝟏𝟒𝟔𝟑𝟖
= 𝟑. 𝟒𝟏

50. ALTERNATE PLAN
PARTICULARS QUANTITY/Ha RATE COST / Ha
(In Rs)
Seed 60kg Rs 35/KG Rs 2,100
Plant
Protection
Rs 700
Manure (FYM) 4 TON. Rs 700/TRIP Rs 700
Fertilizer
(UREA,
GROMMER,
MOP)
UREA-104kg
DAP- 65kg
MOP- 50kg
Rs 625/104KG UREA
Rs1625/65KG DAP
Rs 800/50KG MOP
Rs 3050
Hired human
labour
LABOUR CHARGE Rs300/DAY
FIELD PREPARATION- ----------------3NOS
NURSERY RAISING [1000sq.mt] ----4NOS
TRANSPLANTING---------------------2 NOS
APPLICATION OF FYM--------------- 3 NOS
AND FERTILIZER
WEEDING AND INTERCULTURE----5 NOS
HARVESTING---------------------------10NOS
BAGGING AND OTHER----------------8NOS
Rs 900
Rs 1200
Rs 600
Rs 900
Rs 1500
Rs 3000
Rs 2400
Rs 9300
Machinery
labour (hired)
USED FOR 4 HRS Rs 800/hr Rs 3200
Irrigation
charges
Rs 300/hr Rs 1500
Land revenue Rs 310
TOTAL Rs 20,860
Cost A1 = Rs 20,860
Cost A2 = Cost A1 + rent paid for leased-in land.
= Rs 20,860 + NILL = Rs 20,860
Cost B1 = Cost A1+ interest on value of owned capital assets (excluding
land).
= Rs 20,860 + NILL = Rs 20,860
Cost B2 = Cost B1+ rental value of owned land (net of land revenue)
= Rs 20,860 + Rs 310 = Rs 21,170
Cost C1 = Cost B1 + Imputed value of Family labour.
= Rs 20,860 + Rs 900 = Rs 21,760
Cost C2 = Cost B2 + Imputed value of Family labour.
= Rs 21,170 + Rs 900 = Rs 22,070
COST OF CULTIVATION FOR 2 Ha OF LAND (KALA CHAMPA) is Rs 44,140
COST OF CULTIVATION OF RICE (KALA CHAMPA) ACCORDING TO COST
CONCEPT

51. •RETURNS:
RATE/2Ha QUANTITY/2Ha
MAIN
PRODUCT
Rs 196,140 (105 qtl), Rs 1868/qtl
BY PRODUCT Rs 8000
TOTAL Rs 204,140
INCOME = Rs 204,140
EXPENDITURE = Rs 44,140
NET INCOME = Rs 204,140 – Rs 44,140= Rs 160,000
𝑩𝑬𝑵𝑰𝑭𝑰𝑻 𝑪𝑶𝑺𝑻 𝑹𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑶 =
𝑹𝒔 𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟏𝟒𝟎
𝒓𝒔 𝟒𝟒𝟏𝟒𝟎
𝟒. 𝟔𝟐

52. EXPENDITURE:
Family Particulars
HOUSEHOLD BUDGETING
SL.NO NAME GENDER AGE RELATION
TO HOST
FARMER
OCCUPATION ANNUAL
INCOME
1 Suresh Mahapatra Male 42 Host Farmer Farming Rs 475,620
2 Monaja Mahapatra Female 38 Wife Home Maker NIL
3 Jagabandhu Mahapatra Male 88 Father Farming NIL
4 Ramani Mahapatra Female 75 Mother Home Maker NIL
5 Srinivas Mahapatra Male 54 Elder Brother Govt. Service Rs 550,038
6 Tulasi Rout Female 48 Sister-in-Law Govt. Service Rs 569,822
7 Akash Mahapatra Male 24 Nephew Student NIL
8 Arpita Mahapatra Female 14 Niece Student NIL
9 Arjita Mahapatra Female 13 Daughter Student NIL
10 Arab Mahapatra Male 8 Son Student NIL
SL.NO Expenditure Expenditure/year % of Total
1 FARMING Rs 170,000 19.83%
2 EDUCATION Rs 250,000 33.06%
3 FOOD Rs 75,000 9.91%
4 HEALTH Rs 50,000 6.61%
5 CLOTHING Rs 25,000 3.30%
6 ELECTRICITY Rs 6,070 0.80%
7 COMFORTS Rs 150,000 19.83%
8 OTHERS Rs 50,000 6.61%
TOTAL EXPENDITURE Rs 776,070 100%

53. Annual Income:
 From Agriculture and allied sectors:
From Main product: Rs 475,620
From By product: Rs 11,500
 From Govt jobs., Service: Rs 1,119,860/an
___________________________________
Total Income per year = Rs 1,606,980
Total Expenditure Per Year: Rs 776,070
Surplus: Rs 1,606,980 - Rs 776,070
= Rs 830,910
Conclusion: They are spending their income on educating their children
followed by equal investment on comforts and farming activities.

54. PROBLEM FACED BY THE FARMERS OF NETUA:
SL.NO PROBLEM IDENTIFIED SUGGESTION TO FARMER
1 Mainly they buy the planting material from private organizations
with a high price.
To follow Govt. guidelines and buy seeds from Govt. source to get proper
subsidy for seeds or any planting material
2 He uses local or desi varieties. To use FS, CS etc to get a higher yield than desi variety.
3 Farmer doesn’t practice summer ploughing. To practice summer ploughing for beneficial effect from it.
4 Farmer grows cauliflower seedlings only in a low-cost poly house
structure.
To grow different crops under protected structures as Govt. supplies
different subsidy on protected cultivation.
5 Soil testing is not done To go for soil testing for the proper knowledge on the nutrient and other
ingredient present in his soil.
6 He doesn’t practice Green Manuring. To be trained about the beneficial effect of Green manure and green leaf
manure.
7 He doesn’t spray weedicides on the field. He mainly practices
manual hand weeding.
To be trained about different types of herbicides so that the labour he
implies would be reduced.
8 He is unaware about the mulching practice and benefits from it. To be trained about different mulching practice so that he can be
benefited from the yield and weed aspects.
9 He sells their yield to the middleman where he couldn’t get
proper price of its yield.
To sell to the Govts. Farmers market where he could directly sell his
goods to the consumers in a better price.
10 Unavailability of proper storage facilities for the farmer’s harvest.
11 Marketing Facilities are improper, less markets a too problematic
for the farmers to sell their yield

55. AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTIONAL ATTACHMENT
KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA(KVK), KENDRAPARA
Dr. Surya Narayan Mishra (Sr. Scientist & Head)
• It was established in 1996 at Jajanga, Post: Kapaleshwar, Dist:
Kendrapara under OUAT, Bhubaneswar occupying about 11.23 ha
of land..
OPERATIONAL AREA OF KVK.The operational area of this Krishi
Vigyan Kendra, Kendrapara encompasses nine blocks of district
namely Kendrapara, Derabish, Pattamundai, Aul, Rajkanika,
Rajnagar, Marshaghai, Mohakalapara, Garadpur.

56. Seed production and production of technological products
KVK supports farming community and government providing quality seeds,
planting materials and other technological products which produced at this Centre
as given below:
Commodity Technological product
Rice Foundation seeds of high yielding varieties
Pulses Foundation and Certified seeds of HYV of black gram and green gram
Vegetable and fruits Seedling of good varieties
Fish Fry’s, fingerlings, yearlings, stunted yearlings
Organic manure Vermicompost
Mushroom Spawn

57. AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
INDIAN FARMERS FERTILISER COOPERATIVE LIMITED (IFFCO)
PARADEEP UNIT
PLANT HEAD: Mr. K. J PATEL
It is situated at Paradeep (the deepest natural port on the east coast of
India) at the Bhubaneshwar – Paradeep National Highway No. 5A which is
about 110 km away from Bhubaneshwar. The plant was started on October
year 2005. The plant mainly produces about 2 million tons of fertilizer per
year. The plant spreads around 2270 acre of land.
Functioning:
IFFCO is a multi-state cooperative society engaged in the business of
manufacturing and marketing of the fertilizers which is headquartered in
New Delhi, India. Around 35,000 members cooperative reaching over 50
million Indian Farmers which is the biggest cooperatives by today.

58. The details of the products produced are as follows:
Production Data:The plant produces:
 Sulphuric Acid Plant: 23,10,000 MTPA
 Phosphoric Acid Plant: 75,000 MTPA
 DAP Plant: 19,20,000 MTPA
SL.NO PRODUCTS MANUFRACTURED CONSTITUENTS PRICE
1 DAP (Diammonium Phosphate) Nitrogen – 18;
Phosphorous - 46
Rs 1200/50 kg Bag
2 N:P: K (GRADE I)
Nitrogen – 10;
Phosphorous – 26
Potassium - 26
Rs 1175/50 kg Bag
3 N:P: K (GRADE II)
Nitrogen – 12;
Phosphorous – 32
Potassium - 16
Rs 1185/50 kg Bag
4
NP
Nitrogen – 20
Phosphorous – 20
Sulphur - 13
Rs 925/50 kg Bag
5 Neem Coated Urea Nitrogen- 46 Rs 266/45Kg Bag

59. FEEDBACK
 This RAWE programme really helps me to know about real practical field problem and village situation. The knowledge and skill of
both me and farmers developed.
 The training programme help farmers to know about new techniques and create venture for self-employment.
 The farmers of the villagers know many technologies, but not adopting. Thus, helps from block office or KVK benefited them to a
great extent for adoption of technologies.
 The villagers are loving towards me and also very supportive.
CONCLUSION
 This village attachment programme to villages Netua provides a practical oriented opportunity and hands on experience in acquiring
knowledge and skill. The real socio-economic situation of village and problems at field level known to us.
 The farmers of village Netua are prosperous and developed as they came in contact with government officials frequently and their
production is more due to more knowledge and availability of irrigation water.

60. Harvesting of Colocasia Breaking of fingers from the
mother corm
Seed sowing of cauliflower
Transplanting of Paddy Pest Identification in Paddy Pest Identification in cauliflower
Learning Action Photography:

61. Fertilizer application in
Cauliflower
Plantation of Seedlings on the
main field.
Harvesting of Okra
Harvesting of Pointed Gourd
Disease Identification of Okra Disease Identification of
Pointed Gourd