This document discusses several key concepts related to geography: 1) Futures looks at predicting trends and their social, economic, and environmental consequences, as well as understanding how change is constant. 2) Uneven development examines the uneven distribution of geographical phenomena and its implications, including differences in development. 3) Globalization considers the growing interconnections between countries through increased transfer of information, ideas, and goods. 4) Interdependence describes the links and connections between places through trade, ecosystems, and production chains. 5) Sustainability is about developing places today with future generations in mind through responsible use of resources without long-term damage or depletion.

1. FUGIS

2. FUTURES This concept looks at predictions and trends , and the social, economic and environmental consequences of these trends. What might happen if? What will happen? What could happen instead? To predict the future, we need to have an understanding of the past. By doing this we get an understanding of the constant presence of change.

3. UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT This concept looks at the uneven distribution of geographical phenomena in space and over time. It is concerned with difference and diversity. What physical and human features account for these differences? What are the consequences of these differences? What is good about difference? What should change about differences? Uneven development creates richer and poorer , winners and losers, ‘haves’ and ‘ have-nots’

4. GLOBALISATION This concept considers the growing inter-connections between countries. It is about the growing ease of transfer of news, information, fashion, ideas, culture, people, goods and money around the world . It is about the consequences of these things merging. It looks at how our lives are bound more and more tightly together with those of other countries.

5. INTERDEPENDENCE This concept is about links and connections. There are many connections between places - whether we move, or buy things from different parts of the world. Many connections are complex and involve chains, such as ecosystems, and industrial production. The concept is also about relationships: trust, dependency, support. Interdependence can also be used to describe the relationships between countries at different stages of development . There are gains and losses to be considered with interdependence.

6. SUSTAINABILITY This concept is about developing places today with tomorrow in mind. It is about using resources without damaging them or exhausting them in the long term. We have to consider change with a view to the consequences. We need to consider solutions to problems, and to consider what problems we may face in the future that will need solutions