The document discusses various strategies that have been tried to address water crises around the world. It focuses on Cape Town, South Africa's current water crisis where "Day Zero", the day when most taps will be turned off, was narrowly avoided in early 2018 after mandatory water restrictions reduced consumption. The strategies mentioned as possibilities to explore include 1) water-energy exchanges where solar power from Jordan could desalinate water for Israel and Palestine, 2) protecting existing water supplies by guarding against theft, 3) fixing leaky pipes to reduce losses, 4) banning price gouging of bottled water, 5) drilling into aquifers for more water sources, and 6) increasing desalination of sea water.

1. S
Running on empty?
Exploring water
futures
Saturday 14th April 2018

2. Alan Parkinson
Geographer
Illustration:TomMorganJones

3. “Despite all our achievements we owe our
existence to a six-inch layer of topsoil and
the fact that it rains”
Illustration:WikimediaCommons

4. The Fens – a reclaimed landscape
Illustration:CarryAkroyd

5. Geneva
500 litres of water a second

6. Not everywhere is so lucky…

8. If all the world’s
water was a bucket
full, only one
tablespoon’s worth
would be drinkable
(potable)
Illustration:TomMorganJones

9. Autumn Peltier at the UN

11. A PENT COW

12. Cape Town
Eastern Cape Drought
Lasted 3 years
Theewaterskloof Dam
10% capacity

13. Cape Town
50 litres person / day
“Day Zero”
http://www.capetown.gov.za/
LA Times, March 31st 2018

14. Cape Town
April 2018
As recently as January, rationing with armed
guards for 4 million people was on the horizon.
Daily ration of just 25 litres per person / day
The most recent situation can be seen on the
City Dashboard
http://coct.co/water-dashboard/

15. Demands on water
http://coct.co/thinkwater/calcul
ator.html
See the guidance on how to save water
Stop-start showers standing in a bowl, and using the water captured in the
bowl to flush toilets.

16. Rich and Poor
The wealthy cut their water usage by
80% on average, whereas the poorer
by 40%

17. Illustration:TomMorganJones

18. Illustration:TomMorganJones
Your job is to assess the relative merits
of a number of possible solutions to
the water crisis.
These have all been tried in certain
areas.

19. Illustration:TomMorganJones
Time to scratch off your card to reveal
which particular strategy you have
been given to explore…

21. Which of these is the UN?

24. Cape Town-South
Africa Water Crisis by
@bridgetti
Cape Town Twitter

25. Futures
Possible – all scenarios which are possible
Probable – which of the possible scenarios are most likely
Preferable – of the probable futures, which one would be the most
preferable in terms of sustainability or in maintaining as close as
possible to the current quality of life for residents

26. Dotstorming
Dotstorming is a visual way of giving
feedback on ideas. Which of the ideas
will get your vote(s):
Go HERE to vote.

27. http://bit.ly/2GDOhlJ

28. Acknowledgements
S With thanks to Tom Morgan
Jones for illustrations from
Mission:Explore Water (2013)
by Explorer HQ
S Mapping on Water Security by
World Resources Institute:
http://www.wri.org/applications/
maps/
S With thanks to Ben Hennig for
Worldmapper mapping – CC
licensed for use
S With thanks to previous IB
Geographers from Ecolint 2012
who took part in my Water
workshop

29. Acknowledgements 1
S With thanks to Tom Morgan
Jones for illustrations from
Mission:Explore Water (2013)
by Explorer HQ
S Mapping on Water Security by
World Resources Institute:
http://www.wri.org/applications/
maps/
S CBC has a range of stories in a
series on Cape Town:
http://www.cbc.ca/news/topic/Ta
g/Water%20at%20Risk
S With thanks to previous IB
Geographers from Ecolint 2012
who took part in my Water
workshop

30. Further Reading
S http://www.riverthreat.net/data.h
tml - downloads of data, and
Google Earth files to see
threats to global rivers through
human water usage

31. Map from the World Resource Institute

32. 1: Water for Energy exchange
Turning sea water into potable water takes vast amounts of power. Israel's
desalination plants usually only run overnight to take advantage of lower
electricity costs.
EcoPeace, an environmental NGO made up of Jordanian, Israeli and Palestinian
activists, is floating a new idea to harness the sun-soaked deserts of Jordan, and
sell the solar power to Israel and the Palestinian Authority, who would use it to
run desalination plants.
"By advancing a water-energy exchange we're creating some stability, we're
creating an atmosphere of co-operation," said Gidon Bromberg, the Israeli
director of EcoPeace.
Bromberg said all three governments "have expressed support" for the Water &
Energy Nexus, which is projected to cost $30 billion. Despite the price tag, "not
only is it realistic but it's absolutely essential," given the region's water woes.
Bromberg said the idea could bring wider benefits: "it's certainly stability, it's
certainly security, and those are two essential ingredients for peace."

33. 2. Protecting supplies
As if the drought is not bad enough‚ the City of Cape Town is having to battle
against thieves stealing from aquifer drilling sites‚ resulting in “delays of
weeks at a time” to bring more water online.
The city said in a statement on Sunday it is something that it can “ill afford”.
Tools‚ batteries‚ vehicles and any materials considered possible scrap is being
targeted by thieves.
There are also police guarding natural springs, which residents use to

34. 3. Fixing leaky pipes

35. https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-01-31-call-to-halt-
bottled-water-price-hikes/
4. A ban on ‘price gouging’
Prices are capped to stop people profiteering from water,.
Also concerns about the source of some

36. 5. Aquifer drilling

37. 6. Desalination

38. 7.