Knowing the green forms of energy and their environmental effects.

1. Green
Energy
Program paid for and brought to byProgram paid for and brought to by
-Anja Bananja-Anja Bananja
-Franz the Manz-Franz the Manz
- And Just Chadrick- And Just Chadrick

2. Overview-
What is Green Energy?
Different Types?
What is sustainability?
German Green Energy
Cost and Efficiency
Recycling

3. What is Green
Energy?
-It is energy resources
that are renewable
-Can be naturally
replenished
-Clean, Safe and not
harmful to the
environment (aka
mother earth)

4. Types of Green Energy
Green Energy
going cute

5. Solar Power
• Is produced by using
photovoltaic cells,
which capture sunlight
and turns that into
energy.

6. Problems?
-The sun has got to shine
-The cost of solar panels
and the systems range
between $20k-40k
-The light from the sun
produces a very small
amount of energy

7. Wind Power
-These giant pinwheels spin from strong winds which
spins a turbine of a generator to produce energy.

8. Giant Pin Wheels?

9. Any Studies done?
• It is said that wind energy is
suppose to bring down
costs and reduce the in the
air.
• Well Forbes found a study
on this and wrote an article
about it.
• Forbes said “no”
• Bentek Energy did the Study
and used about 1/3 of the
US population for 2 years.
• The claims of cutting CO₂
emissions were actually less
than half of what was
stated.
• Subsidies (government
money) to the wind sector
is more than 200 times as
great as those given to oil
and gas sector.

10. Oh and the wind has to blow.

11. Hydropower

12. Power to the Water
• By using earth’s water
cycles and running
water used threw
mostly dams to provide
energy.
• Hydropower is about
1/3 the cost of using
fossil fuels and about
1/6 the cost of natural
gas.
• 90% energy efficient
compared to natural
gas being 50% efficient.
• The only problem is,
you need water.

14. Biofuels
• Using natural materials
to turn into fuel or
forms of combustible
energy.
• Which is mostly plants
and plant products
I Love you Plants

15. Cost Efficient?
• A study done by OSU
• Going to biofuels would
be like adding a new gas
tax. About 25 cents.
• And it is not proven to
reduce green house
gases and may even
produce more of them.
So much for the love….

16. Geothermal Energy
-By using heat from the earth’s crust in forms of
hot water and steam to power generators for electricity.

18. The Math?
• Geothermal Energy
systems are expensive
to put in.
• But they are able to pay
themselves off in 5 to
10 yrs.
• Is able to cut the energy
bills by 30 to 40%.

19. Overall
Good
• Hydropower
• Geothermal
Bad (technology not there yet)
• Solar
• Wind
• biofuels

20. Germany and Sustainability

21. Key Concepts
 Over the last 40 years, all levels of government in Germany have
reworked policies to promote growth that is more environmentally
sustainable
 Germany’s policies aimed at “greening” the economy provide several
lessons for the United States about how to make sustainability politically
acceptable in a federal system of government
 Germany's impressive feat has been less about innovation than about
implementation
 Germany has become a forerunner in promoting a greener, more
sustainable future

22. German Renewable Energy Act
(Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG))
• The Act came into force in the year 2000
• Initial spark of a tremendous boost of renewable energies in
Germany
• Proved to be the world's most effective policy framework at
accelerating the deployment of renewable energy
technologies
• The Renewable Energy Act was the central political element
of one of the greatest paradigm shifts since the start of the
industrial revolution: the shift from fossil and atomic energy
supplies to renewable energy sources.

23. Freiburg
• Freiburg is a 900 year old city of under 250,000 people,
perched in the wine growing region of southwest Germany
• Citizens have high environmental awareness
• Sunniest Region in Germany, Making it the “Solar Capital”
• The Heliotrope (the world’s first energy self-sustaining solar
building)

24. Germany and the Kyoto Protocol
• Sets binding obligations on industrialized countries to reduce
emissions of greenhouse gases.
• Between March 1998 and March 1999, 84 countries including
Germany signed the Kyoto Protocol.
• In March 2002, the Bundestag unanimously ratified Kyoto. In May
2002, the European Union submitted the articles of ratification for
all 15 of its then member states.
• Since signing and ratifying the protocol, Germany has committed to
reducing its emissions to 21% below 1990 levels between 2008 and
2012

25. RECYCLING: A Prime Example of German Sustainability

26. How it began…
• The “Green Movement” in Germany was
ignited by damaging acid rain that was ruining
their forests
• Challenging the “Throwaway Society”
• Space was becoming limited for landfills
• NIMBY syndrome was rampant and there was
an imperative need to find a solution

27. Verpackungsverordnung
The Ordinance on the Avoidance of Packaging Waste
(1991)
• Making the “Polluter Pay”
• Goal: to give private industry incentive to consider the solid
waste consequences when it designs packages
• Requires industry to take back, reuse, and/or recycle
packaging
• Major Objectives
– Packaging should be made from “environmentally responsible”
materials compatible with recycling
– Weight and volume of packaging should be minimized
– Packaging should be refillable, if feasible
– Packaging should be recycled if it cannot be refilled

28. How It Works
• This system requires thoroughThis system requires thorough
implementation of the legislationimplementation of the legislation
• It could not possibly work without theIt could not possibly work without the
cooperation of its citizenscooperation of its citizens
• According to a 1998 survey, about 91% ofAccording to a 1998 survey, about 91% of
German homeowners separate their waste inGerman homeowners separate their waste in
order to contribute to environmentalorder to contribute to environmental
protectionprotection

29. The Color System

30. Glas
• All glass bottles are
collected at community
“igloos”
• It is very important that
the colors are sorted
properly
• A sophisticated sorting
system processes the
glass and produces new
glass as beverage
containers

31. Papier
• All collected paper is
processed at a sorting plant
where any “mixed paper”
packaging is removed
• The paper is dissolved, pulped,
pressed, and dried
• Turned into newspaper and
the beginnings of corrugated
cardboard
Various Recyclables
• Envelopes
• Books
• Catalogues
• Cartons
• Writing Pads
• Washing Detergent Boxes
(without plastic)
• Newspapers
• Paper Boxes

32. Der Grüne Punkt
“The Green Dot”
• Established by DSD
• Manufacturers pay a fee to
become a member of DSD and
are permitted to use the
trademark on all their
packaging
• Fees are determined based on
the material, weight, and
number of items, as well as
the costs for appropriate
disposal

33. Verpackung
Metal/Other
• Aluminum foil
• Tins, Cans
• Polystyrene
• Composite Beverage
containers
• Empty spray cans
Plastic
• Plastic wrap
• Liquid Refill bags
• Yogurt cups
• Plastic bags
• Screw-top bottle tops

34. Die Anderen
Bio / Household
• Citizens are urged to keep a
compost bin at their home
• An alternative is to dispose
of old food and garden
waste in the gray bin to be
sent to the incinerator.
• Household waste includes:
ash , cigarette butts,
personal hygiene products,
nylon stockings, and others
Miscellaneous (Orange Bin)
• This newly added category
has been developed for the
collection of misc. non-
packaging items
• Frying pans
• Appliances
• Broken plastic toys
• CD’s

35. Interesting Statistics
• Germany leads European nations in recycling, with aroundGermany leads European nations in recycling, with around 70%70% of the wasteof the waste
the country generates successfully recovered and reused each yearthe country generates successfully recovered and reused each year
• In 2007, the US was able to recover only about 33% of the waste generatedIn 2007, the US was able to recover only about 33% of the waste generated
that yearthat year
• Between 1996-2007, the country has reduced its total net waste amount byBetween 1996-2007, the country has reduced its total net waste amount by
more thanmore than 37.7 million U.S. tons37.7 million U.S. tons
• In 2004, package recycling saved aboutIn 2004, package recycling saved about 73.2 billion mega joules73.2 billion mega joules of primaryof primary
energy which equals about 20 billion kilowatt hours.energy which equals about 20 billion kilowatt hours.
• In 2004, aboutIn 2004, about 5.2 million tons of packages5.2 million tons of packages were recycled, which equals 63 kgwere recycled, which equals 63 kg
per capitaper capita
• Since its implementation, recycling has prevented aboutSince its implementation, recycling has prevented about 1.06 million tons of1.06 million tons of
COCO22 from being emitted into the atmosphere.from being emitted into the atmosphere.

36. Works Cited
• Blue, Laura, and Schwandorf. "The Environment." Time. Time, 17 Apr. 2008. Web. 25 Nov. 2012.
• Bryce, Robert. "A New Study Takes The Wind Out of Energy." Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 19 July 2011. Web. 2 Dec.
2012.
• Fishbein, Bette K. Germany, Garbage and the Green Dot: Challenging a Throwaway Society. N.p.: Inform, 1994.
Print.
• "Freiburg Green City." Freiburg Green City. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2012.
• "Germany, Garbage, and the Green Dot: Challenging the Throwaway Society (Executive Summary)."
Informinc.org. INFORM, n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012.
• "Green Econometrics." Green Econometrics RSS. N.p., 15 Aug. 2007. Web. 30 Nov. 2012.
• Hansen, Holger. "Germany Eyes Cap for Support for Wind Power, Biomass." Reuters. Thomson Reuters, 11 Oct.
2012. Web. 25 Nov. 2012.
• Hickman, Leo. "A Small Town in Germany Where Recycling Pays." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 17
Mar. 2011. Web. 3 Dec. 2012.
• "Hydroelectric Power." Renewable Energy,. Alternative Energy, n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2012.
• Look, Marie. "Trash Planet: Germany." Earth911com RSS. Infinity Resources, 13 July 2009. Web. 3 Dec. 2012.
• "News & Research Communications." OSU Study Questions Cost-effectiveness of Biofuels and Their Ability to Cut
Fossil Fuel Use. Oregon State University, 30 Nov. 2011. Web. 15 Dec. 2012.
• "Picture Gallery." Facts about Germany: Environment, Climate, Energy. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2012.
• "Recycling and Waste Separation in Germany | Germany | Country Profiles." Recycling and Waste Separation in
Germany | Germany | Country Profiles. Textronics, n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2012.
• Rogers, Stephanie. "MNN - Mother Nature Network." MNN - Mother Nature Network. MNN, 25 July 2012. Web. 2
Dec. 2012.
• Watson, Stephanie. "How Geothermal Energy Works." HowStuffWorks. Discovery, n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2012.