1.
Semantic Web Methodologies, Best
Practices and Ontology Engineering
Applied to Internet of Things
IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)
December 14-16, 2015 // Milan, Italy.
Ghislain Atemezing, Mondeca, France
Amelie Gyrard, Insight, Ireland
Martin Serrano, Insight, Ireland

2.
Agenda
• Motivation
– Semantic Web vs IoT standards
• Existing efforts for interoperability
– LOV in Semantic Web
– IERC AC4: Semantic Interoperability for IoT
• Proposed Best practices
– Start by publishing your ontology on the Web
• Application Use cases
– M3M Framework
– Fiesta-IoT project
• Conclusion
2
IEEE
World
Forum
on
Internet
of
Things.
14-­‐16
December,
2015
//
Milan,
Italy

3.
Domain knowledge to build IoT applications is already
designed and available on the Web.
Classify
Interoperability
Collect
How to exploit the domain knowledge
available on the Web
and make it interoperable?
3
IEEE
World
Forum
on
Internet
of
Things.
14-­‐16
December,
2015
//
Milan,
Italy

4.
Basics: Semantic Web Technologies
• Domain knowledge already structured and designed
• Ontologies used to share and reuse the domain
knowledge
• RDF model (1999)
• Linked Data (2008)
The Semantic Web Layer Cake
W3C Recommendations on RDF:
http://www.w3.org/standards/techs/rdf#w3c_all
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IEEE
World
Forum
on
Internet
of
Things.
14-­‐16
December,
2015
//
Milan,
Italy

5.
Linked (Open) Data Cloud vs IoT
• Datasets interconnected à LOD cloud
• “Things” interconnected à IoT
• Data generated by “Things” interconnected àL(IoT)D?
• More interoperability == More interconnections
5
IEEE
World
Forum
on
Internet
of
Things.
14-­‐16
December,
2015
//
Milan,
Italy

6.
Bridging the gap between SemWeb and IoT standards
6
IEEE
World
Forum
on
Internet
of
Things.
14-­‐16
December,
2015
//
Milan,
Italy

7.
Basics: Ontology catalogues
• Linked Open Vocabularies (LOV)
• Highly curated vocabularies (528)
• Interconnected vocabularies
• Access to data in API, SPARQL and Dump
• Ready4SmartCities
• Ontologies about smart cities and energies
• Many ontologies not available on the Web for reuse
• Link: http://smartcity.linkeddata.es/
7
Vandenbussche PY; Atemezing G., Poveda M.; Vatant B.:
Linked Open Vocabularies (LOV): a gateway to reusable
semantic vocabularies on the Web. In Semantic Web Journal, 2015
IEEE
World
Forum
on
Internet
of
Things.
14-­‐16
December,
2015
//
Milan,
Italy

8.
Basics: IERC AC4 Semantic Interoperability for IoT
• Syntactical Interoperability
Ø Heterogeneity of data formats (e.g, JSON, XML, RDF)
• Technical Interoperability
Ø Heterogeneity of devices
• Semantic Interoperability
Ø Meaning of the information exchanged (e.g., t, temp,
temperature, heterogeneity among ontologies)
• Organizational Interoperability
Ø Structure of the knowledge (e.g., web services)
h3p://www.internet-­‐of-­‐things-­‐research.eu/pdf/IERC_Posi@on_Paper_IoT_Seman@c_Interoperability_Final.pdf
8
IEEE
World
Forum
on
Internet
of
Things.
14-­‐16
December,
2015
//
Milan,
Italy

9.
Popularize and Applying Semantic Web Best Practices
to Internet of Things
• Most of the ontologies relevant for IoT are not
referenced yet! Why?
– Lack of best practices
– Do we have best practices to design ontologies?
Of course!
=> This is exactly the purpose of this work: survey to
popularize best practices
9
IEEE
World
Forum
on
Internet
of
Things.
14-­‐16
December,
2015
//
Milan,
Italy

10.
Linked Open Vocabularies for Internet of Things
(LOV4IoT)
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• A dataset of almost 300 ontology-based projects relevant
for IoT
– Ontologies, Datasets, Rules, Technologies, Sensors and
Domains
– Extension of Linked Open Vocabularies (LOV)
http://www.sensormeasurement.appspot.com/?p=ontologies
A second life for ontologies!
IEEE
World
Forum
on
Internet
of
Things.
14-­‐16
December,
2015
//
Milan,
Italy

11.
Linked Open Vocabularies for Internet of Things
(LOV4IoT)
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http://www.sensormeasurement.appspot.com/?p=ontologies
IEEE
World
Forum
on
Internet
of
Things.
14-­‐16
December,
2015
//
Milan,
Italy

12.
Proposed best practice 1:
Publish your ontology on the Web!
• Reference your ontologies/datasets:
– Ontology Catalogue
• LOV
• LOV4IOT
• Ready4SmartCities
– Semantic Search Engines
12
IEEE
World
Forum
on
Internet
of
Things.
14-­‐16
December,
2015
//
Milan,
Italy

13.
Proposed best practice 2: Adding metadata to ontology
• Metadata allows automatic discoverability
– Description
– Licenses
– Authors
– Creation Date
– Last update
– Publisher
– Versions
=> Useful for bots to retrieve the domain knowledge, etc.
h3p://lov.okfn.org/Recommenda@ons_Vocabulary_Design.pdf
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IEEE
World
Forum
on
Internet
of
Things.
14-­‐16
December,
2015
//
Milan,
Italy

14.
Proposed best practice 3: Checking Ontology Quality
• Avoiding common pitfalls when designing ontologies.
• Use online tool like OOPs.
h3p://oops.linkeddata.es/
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IEEE
World
Forum
on
Internet
of
Things.
14-­‐16
December,
2015
//
Milan,
Italy

15.
Proposed best practice 4:
Encourage ontology/dataset reuse
h3p://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/WatsonWUI/
h3p://www.sindice.com/
h3p://swoogle.umbc.edu/
h3p://ws.nju.edu.cn/falcons/objectsearch/index.jsp
• Semantic Search engines
– Don’t reinvent the wheel
each time!!
– Encourage the reuse of
existing ontologies/datasets
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IEEE
World
Forum
on
Internet
of
Things.
14-­‐16
December,
2015
//
Milan,
Italy

16.
Proposed best practice 5:
Namespace management
• Check that the namespace chosen is available with a
common service such as prefix.cc
• Ensuring the sustainability of the URI with PURL
– E.g., in case you change the server you can keep the
same URI.
h3p://prefix.cc/
h3ps://purl.org/docs/index.html
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IEEE
World
Forum
on
Internet
of
Things.
14-­‐16
December,
2015
//
Milan,
Italy

17.
Interoperable
semantic-based
IoT applications
Interoperable
IoT knowledge
base
Interoperable
reasoning
Use Case 1: The Machine-to-Machine
Measurement (M3) Framework
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Interoperable
security
knowledge base
Lessons learnt from this
catalogue of domain
knowledge
h3p://sensormeasurement.appspot.com/
IEEE
World
Forum
on
Internet
of
Things.
14-­‐16
December,
2015
//
Milan,
Italy

18.
Use Case 2:
FIESTA-IoT H2020 EU project
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h3p://www.fiesta-­‐iot.eu/
Check interoperability among all layers:
IEEE
World
Forum
on
Internet
of
Things.
14-­‐16
December,
2015
//
Milan,
Italy

19.
Conclusion & Future work
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• Disseminate the semantic web best practices to the IoT
community à More interoperability!
• Encourage the reuse of the domain knowledge already
designed and available on the Web.
• A set of concrete tools and best practices have been
presented in this work.
• Future Work:
Ø M3 Validator to integrate all existing tools and automatically
check the interoperability and reusability of the domain
knowledge available on the Web.
IEEE
World
Forum
on
Internet
of
Things.
14-­‐16
December,
2015
//
Milan,
Italy

20.
Thank you!
• ghislain.atemezing@mondeca.com
• Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/ghislainatemezing
• Twitter: @gatemezing
IEEE
World
Forum
on
Internet
of
Things.
14-­‐16
December,
2015
//
Milan,
Italy
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