1. Empires of the Sea
by
Roger Crowley
Evan Gravlin
History 150
10/31/10

2. The Western Leaders
Spain:
• King Charles V
 Feb. 24, 1500 – Sept. 21, 1558
 Reign: 1516 – 1556 (abdicated)
Titles: King of Spain, Holy
Roman Emperor, King of Italy, etc.
• King Philip II
 May 21, 1527 – Sept. 13, 1598
 Reign: 1556 – 1558 (death)
Titles: King of Spain, King of
Naples, King of England and
Ireland, etc.
The Knights of St. John:
• Grand Master Philippe
Villiers de L’Isle-Adam
 1464 – 1534
 Reign: 1521 – 1534 (death)
Led the defense of Rhodes
against the Ottomans
• Grand Master Jean de la
Valette
 1494 – 1568
Reign: 1557 – 1568
 Led the defense of Malta
against the Ottomans

3. The Eastern Leaders
The Ottomans:
• Suleiman I
 Nov. 6, 1494 – Sept. 1556
Reign: 1520 – 1566 (death)
 Titles: The Magnificent, Sultan
of the Ottomans, Caliph of Islam,
Lord of Europe, etc.
Conqueror of: Transylvania,
Hungary, Rhodes, Baghdad, etc.
• Selim II
 May 15, 1524 – Dec. 1574
Reign: 1566 – 1574 (death)
Titles: The Drunkard, Sultan of
the Ottomans, Caliph of Islam,
etc.
The Corsairs:
• Oruch Reis
 1474 – 1518
 Barbary Pirate, Corsair, Ottoman
Admiral
 Titles: Barbarossa (Redbeard),
Governor of Algiers and the West
Mediterranean
• Hizir Reis
 1478 – 1546
Barbary Pirate, Corsair, Ottoman
Admiral
 Titles: Barbarossa (after his
brother Oruch’s death), Pasha of
Algiers, Grand Admiral of the
Ottoman Navy

4. The Siege of Rhodes
• June 26, 1522 – January 1, 1523
• Aggressors: Ottomans with 100,000 troops
– Commanded by: Sultan Suleiman I and Mustapha Pasha
• Defenders: Knights of St. John with 7,500 troops
– Commanded by: Grand Master Philip deL’ Isle-Adam
• Major area of battle: Rhodes
• Result: Ottoman victory
• Losses: Ottomans - 20,000 men
Knights of St. John – 2,000 men

5. The Siege of Malta
• May 18, 1565 – September 11, 1565
• Aggressors: Ottomans with 48,000 troops
– Commanded by: Lala Kara Mustapha Pasha, Piyale Pasha, Turgut Reis, Salih
Reis, Uluc Ali Reis
• Defenders: Knights of St. John, Spain, Maltese
– Commanded by: GrandMaster Jean de Valette, Melchior deMonserrat,
various Knights
• Major areas of battle: Saint elmo’s fort and Birgu
• Results: Knights of St. John victory
• Losses: Ottomans - 10-250,000 men, including Turgut Reis
Knights of St. John –250 knights, about 7,000 Milanese, etc.

6. The Battle of Lepanto
• October 7, 1571
• Ottoman andCorsairfleet: 250 ships with31,000 men
- Commanded by: AliPasha, Barbarossa,Uluc AliReis,and various Corsairs
• Holy League Fleet (Venice, Spain,the Papal States, Genoa, Malta, Savoy, and
variousadventurers):210 ships with23,000 men
-Commanded by:Don Juan, Johnof Austria,Marc’ AntonioColonna, Sebastiano
Venier,etc.
• Results: Holy Leaguevictory
• Losses: Ottoman –137 ships,25,000 men
Holy League – 17 ships, 7,500 men