Lecture notes

1. Chapter 11 Structure Determination of Organic Compounds

5. Mass Spectrometry Sample eluting from GC Pressure changes to ~10- 5 torr (1 ng/M sensitivity) Electron Impact (EI ) source: W filament sends electron beams that ionize molecules (M --> M + ) High Voltage Quadrapule rod The molecules are separated according to their mass to charge (m/Z) ratio. Detector. Counts the ions as they elute by m/z. Electron multipier amplifies it To data systems

8. IR spectrometer for solids Sample Laser Path Mirrors

10. FT-IR NaCl Salt Plate holder Laser Beam

13. UV- Vis Cuvette Clear side should face beam Sample should be dilute (~10 -5 M)

15. Nuclear magnetic resonance The sample is placed between powerful magnets and a magnetic field sweeps through the sample NMR tube Magnets Sample Spinner