2017 Global Agricultural Productivity Report (GAP Report)
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Global Harvest Initiative's annual 2017 GAP Report: A World of Productive Sustainable Agriculture explores the diversity of challenges farmers face and how they seek to surmount them. Please credit downloaded or clipped slides, graphics, charts or images. Credit: 2017 GAP Report/Global Harvest Initiative
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2017 Global Agricultural Productivity Report (GAP Report)
- 2. MEMBER COMPANIES CONSULTATIVE PARTNERS
- 3. A World of Productive Sustainable Agriculture #GAPReport
- 5. WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE? Satisfies human needs Enhances environmental quality and the natural resource base Sustains the economic vitality of food and agriculture systems Improves the lives of producers and society as a whole
- 6. SUSTAINABLE GROWTH Sustainable growth meets the needs of the present while enabling future generations to meet their own needs. -United Nations Improving productivity helps farmers manage risk and builds their capacity to balance current demands with future needs.
- 7. SUSTAINABLE GROWTH Improving productivity helps farmers manage risk and builds their capacity to balance current demands with future needs.
- 8. PRODUCTIVITY IS DIFFERENT FROM… OUTPUT GROSS AMOUNT OF CROPS OR LIVESTOCK PRODUCED YIELD AMOUT OF OUTPUT PER UNIT OF PRODUCTION
- 9. TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY MEASURES CHANGES IN THE EFFICIENCY INTO OUTPUTS ARE TRANSFORMED WITH WHICH INPUTS
- 10. WHY PRODUCTIVITY? TFP is an indicator of INNOVATION ADOPTION TFP is an indicator of SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE USE
- 11. SUSTAINABLY MEETING INDIA’S MILK DEMAND 54% of the increase in global milk demand over the next 10 years will be in India India will need an additional 56 million gallons of milk to meet demand
- 12. SUSTAINABLY MEETING INDIA’S MILK DEMAND
- 13. STRATEGIES FOR MEETING GLOBAL DEMAND LAND EXPANSION INTENSIFICATION OF INPUTS EXTEND IRRIGATION PRODUCTIVITY
- 14. GLOBAL SOURCES OF GROWTH IN AG OUTPUT
- 15. SOURCES OF GROWTH IN AG OUTPUT HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES
- 16. SOURCES OF GROWTH IN AG OUTPUT LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
- 18. FOOD DEMAND GAP 2030
- 20. CONSUMERS CONSIDERATIONS How do I ensure my food is safe and nutritious? I like convenience and selection, but price is important too. What is the environmental impact of the food I eat?
- 22. Improved crop genetics, including biotechnology & new gene-editing technologies Mechanization and precision agriculture systems No-till system of cropping Improved pork genetics and health products, care practices PRODUCTIVE SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES AND TECHNOLOGIES
- 23. JERRY AND EMMA’S SUSTAINABILITY IMPERATIVE Diversify with multiple crops and quality pork products Rotate crops and plant cover crops Invest in new barns and adopt best-care practices Advance new trade opportunities Connect with consumers
- 24. PARTNERSHIPS FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND SUSTAINABILITY Advanced Seed Breeding 4R Nutrient Stewardship 4R Advocates Soil Health Partnership Precision Agriculture
- 25. PARTNERSHIPS FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND SUSTAINABILITY Animal Care and Reducing Emissions Animal-Use-Only Antibiotics
- 27. PRODUCTIVE SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES AND TECHNOLOGIES Bt Cotton Radio Extension Programs Drip Irrigation Diversification
- 28. Access to Finance Mechanization Climate Change Storage and Marketing KRISHNAAND GITA’S SUSTAINABILITY IMPERATIVE
- 29. PARTNERSHIPS FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND SUSTAINABILITY Balanced Crop Nutrition & Water ManagementMechanized Rice Farming Mobile Digital Platforms for Agronomic & Market Advice Transforming Higher Education
- 31. PRODUCTIVE SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES AND TECHNOLOGIES Improved barn and milking area Co-operative member Nutritious fodder Veterinary services
- 32. Inconsistent payments Insufficient cold storage Animal disease Additional research and partnerships ESTER AND DALMANI’S SUSTAINABILITY IMPERATIVE
- 33. PARTNERSHIPS FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND SUSTAINABILITY Collaborative Research for Africa Access to Veterinary Care and Medicine Dairy Market Development
- 34. Minh and Trang Vietnam Rice, Shrimp and Corn Doña Rosa and Don Julio Colombia Silvopastoral System
- 35. POLICIES FOR PRODUCTIVE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Notas del editor
- The 2017 GAP Report explores the many challenges farmers around the world face and how they seek to surmount them. Producers and consumers want food and agriculture products that are safe, nutritious and affordable, and are produced in ways that deliver economic, health and environmental benefits for families and communities. The individuals we describe in the GAP Report are composites of many people. Their stories are not intended to represent the opinions of particular groups of farmers or consumers. Instead they provide insight in the complex and difficult choices that farmers and consumers face.
- Transition slide – Kasey Kelly to share some of the farmer and consumer stories from the Gap Report
- Consumers have significant influence over our food and agriculture systems. Demand for livestock and other high-value foods is rising globally. A growing number of consumers want food that is sustainably produced, but may not have a clear understanding of what makes something “sustainable.” Many consumers are concerned about the safety, price and availability of nutritious food. Yet the number of people struggling with hunger, malnutrition and obesity is again on the rise. Meeting the needs of nearly 10 billion people by 2050 presents both a challenge and an opportunity for farmers around the world. [CLICK TO NEXT SLIDE]
- Jerry is a row crop farmer in the U.S. Midwest. He grows alfalfa, corn, oats and soybeans, along with cover crops. His daughter Emma graduated from a state agricultural university. She is developing their family’s pork production business, while preparing to manage the entire farm after Jerry retires. [CLICK TO NEXT SLIDE]
- Today Jerry’s farm benefits from decades of collaborative research between federal and state government, and agro-industry partners. Public and private research into crop genetics have boosted the yield of Jerry’s corn, soybeans, alfalfa and oats. Mechanization and the adoption of precision agriculture systems help him use seeds, crop nutrients and crop protection products in a no-till system. This helps him grow more and improve soil health, while using less fuel and labor. Agricultural research has enabled Emma’s pigs to produce more meat per animal, improving each pig’s productivity as well as protecting the health of her pigs with better feed and care practices. [CLICK TO NEXT SLIDE]
- While Jerry and Emma have been successful so far, they face uncertainty in the future. Jerry has managed risks by diversifying his farm, and by improving the quality of his crops and pork business while also cutting costs. His focus now is on restorative farming practices to improve the soil and water quality on his farm and reduce risk so his business remains stable. Jerry rotates his crops, plants cover crops, uses best practices for crop nutrient application and has installed saturated buffers in his fields to protect water quality. He has also placed less productive, erodible land into conservation. Emma has stabilized her income by becoming a contract grower for a pork production company, and has invested in a new state-of-the-art barn that includes group housing for the pigs. Much of the pork, corn and soybeans grown on their farm are exported. Jerry and Emma face uncertainty over future market access to Mexico, Japan and Canada, top markets for their products. Ensuring that trade agreements allow fair market access is essential to their farm’s success. They also seek to bridge the information gap with consumers, particularly people in urban markets who care about what they eat, but have a limited understanding of how food is produced. Emma wants consumers to know how she manages her pork production business, so she creates a live weekly web chat from her barn and interacts with consumers at the local farmer’s market. [CLICK TO NEXT SLIDE]
- The GAP Report highlights how partnerships between public and private-sectors, along with farmers and conservation organizations are improving the productivity and sustainability of agriculture. The stories include~ DuPont’s research to develop new higher-yield, gene-edited products for farmers to diversify the crops they grow; The Soil Health Partnership, supported by Monsanto and other partners, in which farmers test and learn on demonstration farms about how to boost soil health; Farmers and retailers work together in the 4R Nutrient Stewardship Certification Program to apply best crop nutrient practices, keeping fertilizer in the crops and soils and out of streams. These partnerships are supported by The Mosaic Company and Mosaic Company Foundation and other partners like the Nature Conservancy; Examples of how machinery and software developed by John Deere bring the benefits of precision agriculture, to farmers like Jerry, improving his soil management and crop production. [CLICK TO NEXT SLIDE]
- The report also shows how livestock well-being and health are foundational to the farming systems of the future. Companies such as Smithfield requires their contract farmers to abide by best animal-care practices, including the installation of group housing systems for pregnant sows. Smithfield also works with its feed supply chain to help farmers use best crop production practices lowering the greenhouse gas emissions of their pork production. Elanco Animal Health helps livestock farmers focus on keeping their animals healthy during their entire life-cycle, as well as during particularly vulnerable times, such as the weaning phase. Elanco’s investment in research and development for animal-use-only antibiotics prescribed by veterinarians reduces the incidence and severity of disease. Keeping pigs healthy also makes better use of all resources throughout the livestock value chain, while reducing unnecessary loss and waste. [CLICK TO NEXT SLIDE]
- The GAP Report also provides insight into a farming family in India. Krishna and Gita own a five-hectare farm in Northern India’s cotton belt. His wife Gita has developed her own business selling tomatoes at the local market. [CLICK TO NEXT SLIDE]
- Like most of India’s cotton farmers, Krisha plants Bt cotton seeds which contain a protein that is toxic to bollworm, a pest that can destroy cotton crops. According to independent studies, Indian farmers planting Bt cotton have increased their profitability by 85 percent and reduced their food insecurity by15 to 20 percent,. Through radio agricultural extension programs, Krishna learned about leveling his fields to prevent erosion. He received a grant to install a drip irrigation system, which gives him enough water for two cotton rotations, even when the monsoon rains are low. To diversify the family’s income, Gita grows tomatoes to sell to traders and local markets. She received training on the proper use of nutrients and crop protection so she can grow the quality of tomatoes that bring the best prices. [CLICK TO NEXT SLIDE]
- Krishna would like to expand his farm but financing is a challenge. Without affordable finance, many emerging farmers struggle to access mechanization. For them, family and hired labor is cheaper, even if it is less efficient. Drip irrigation system and drought -tolerant seed traits enable Krishna to withstand dry seasons, but the number of dangerously hot days is increasing. By the end of the century, the mean summer temperature in India could increase by 5 degrees Celsius, causing agricultural productivity to decline by 25 to 50 percent. Small-scale farms in India will be especially vulnerable. Gita would like to expand her tomato business, but does not have storage on her farm. She must deliver the tomatoes to market as soon as she harvests them and must accept the price that the trader offers to her. [CLICK TO NEXT SLIDE]
- The GAP Report highlights partnerships and investments in India that are helping farmers improve their productivity and sustainability. The Mosaic Villages Project is a collaboration between The Mosaic Company, its foundation and the S M Sehgal Foundation. It provides agronomic training in balanced crop nutrition and water management to 26,000 farmers in 60 remote villages. The average income has grown as much as $90 per acre and the communities are using a portion of their additional income to improve their schools. John Deere India helps small-scale rice farmers in Tamil Nadu transition to an integrated mechanized approach that saves time and labor while improving rice yields and incomes. Participating farmers have seen cost reductions and yields have increased by 40 percent per acre. John Deere also invests in the community schools and skills development classes for adults. Monsanto’s FarmRise Mobile Farm Care program is a mobile digital platform used by 4 million farmers growing maize, cotton and vegetables. The service is free and available to any farmer. Through their mobile phone they can contact a trained expert that speaks their local language. The World Bank is making an $85 million investment to transform India’s agricultural university system and builds human and institutional capacity.
- Ester is a successful dairy farmer in western Kenya, home to 47 percent of the country’s dairy production. She is a medium-scale producer with 15 head of cattle producing 105 liters of milk per day. Her daughter, Dalmani, is studying agriculture and seed science at the university, focusing on dryland crops. [CLICK TO NEXT SLIDE]
- Ester is a member of the local women’s dairy co-operative. With financing she received through the co-operative, she improved her cowshed and created dedicated milking and feeding stations. She also accesses veterinary and insemination services through the co-operative. To ensure that her cattle have nutritious fodder, Ester grows brachiaria grass, developed through research at the Center for International Tropical Agriculture, or CIAT [SEE – OTT]. These grasses are easy for cattle to digest which improves their milk productivity and reduces the amount of methane they produce. Dalmani is studying how sorghum and millet can be improved to increase their resistance to heat and disease, and how these crops can be biofortified with essential nutrients to improve nutrition. [CLICK TO NEXT SLIDE]
- Ester faces several challenges to improving the productivity and sustainability of her farm. The co-operative does not have enough cold storage for all the milk it receives, so some of the milk Ester sends to the co-operative is lost before it is processed and sold. She is also concerned that her cattle will be exposed to zoonotic diseases, which are endemic in areas near her community. Inspired by her mother’s success, Dalmani wants to help women farmers succeed. She would like to see additional investment in research and development, and more public private partnerships to bring new technologies to farmers. [CLICK TO NEXT SLIDE]
- Public and private partnerships in Kenya and across Africa are advancing productivity and sustainability. DuPont’s Africa Regional Technology Hub is accelerating the development of seed products that meet the specific needs of African farmers and comply with government regulations in the region. DuPont’s Advanced Maize Seed Adoption program has helped 250,000 Ethiopian farmers access improved maize seed, agronomic training, postharvest storage and markets for their maize. Elanco is partnering with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation on the East African Growth Accelerator, which helps small-scale farmers in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda improve the health and productivity of their poultry and cattle. The East African Dairy Development Project aims to provide sustainable livelihoods and food security for one million dairy farmers in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania by 2018. [CLICK TO NEXT SLIDE] .
- The GAP Report also shares the stories of farmer challenge and success in Vietnam and in Colombia. We hope that you take the time to learn more about the stories of Minh and Trang, who produce rice, shrimp and corn in Vietnam, and Dona Rosa and Don Julio, who live in a rural region of Colombia and who are transitioning their ranch to a silvopastoral system for meat and milk production. We will hear a bit more about silvopastoral systems from our guest panelist from Colombia, Juan Jose, who is with us today. [CLICK TO NEXT SLIDE]
- Finally, the GAP Report lays out a call to a action for effective public policies that improve agriculture. Each farmer story contains public policy recommendations for the USA, India, Kenya, Vietnam and Colombia that will advance sustainable, productive agriculture. GHI has identified five strategic policy goals: Invest in Public Agricultural Research, Development and Extension Embrace Science-based and Information Technologies Enhance Private Sector Involvement in Agriculture and Infrastructure Development Cultivate Partnerships for Sustainable Agriculture and Improved Nutrition and Foster Capacity for Regional and Global Agricultural Trade