Rio+20 Peter Eisenberger Presentation
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Global Thermostat Presentation at Rio+20 Conference -- Peter Eisenberger
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Rio+20 Peter Eisenberger Presentation
- 1. Closing the Carbon Cycle for Sustainability A Key Strategy for Environmental Protection, Energy Security, and Economic Development Peter Eisenberger Columbia University & Global Thermostat Rio+20 June 18, 2012
- 2. Table of Contents • Closing the Carbon Cycle • Current Approaches • A Sustainable Solution: Energy from Atmospheric CO2 • Global Thermostat Global Thermostat - CONFIDENTIAL 2
- 3. 3
- 4. Closing the Carbon Cycle You need to know where you are going to get there… • Sustainability Requires Humans Close the Carbon Cycle – Climate Sustainability – Energy Security – Economic Development • A Human System that Closes The Carbon Cycle – Flexibility in location of sources and sinks – Connectivity between different components – Serve both todays fossil fuel and tomorrows renewables – Consistent with existing infrastructure – Provide net carbon negative technologies to offset carbon emitters – Value carbon so as to support positive feedbacks – New types of cooperation between countries and companies Global Thermostat - CONFIDENTIAL 4
- 5. Current Approaches to Climate Change “Wedges” approach a good start… – Sensible, diversified strategy based on existing pathways – Portfolio of renewable energy and efficiency technologies – Potential to keep CO2 below 500ppm (still 2x pre-indust. level) But may not be enough to avoid climate change… – Depends on continued net natural absorption rate – Does not address 2000’s already elevated emissions – Underestimates projected growth rate by factor of two – No solution past 2055 Climate will change destructively on its own – Earth history has many climate disasters – New York City under a 1 mile high ice sheet A safe, effective, and affordable solution to climate change is still urgently needed Global Thermostat - CONFIDENTIAL 5
- 6. Emissions Scenarios… 6
- 8. What Carbon Negative Can Achieve… 8
- 9. The Cost of Atmospheric CO2… 9
- 10. The Need for Going Carbon Negative… Business as usual Carbon Neutral is not enough – Neutralizing new and existing emissions Wedges (aggressive 7 does not prevent atmospheric concentration of CO2 renewable energy use, from further increasing efficiency, point-source sequestration) – It doesn’t solve the climate risk problem (reducingCarbon Negative atmospheric concentrationsGlobal (such ppm) below 500 Technology as Carbon-Negative Required Thermostat) with aggressive – To reduce atmospheric concentrations renewable energy faster than the natural absorption rate – To achieve a safe level of CO2 concentration Air Capture Can Make Going Carbon Negative Possible Pacala and Socolow, Science, Vol 305, 8/13/2004, Pg 969. Note: 7 Wedges refers to the seven stabilization wedges, created by Wigley, Richels & Edmonds, necessary to achieve an atmospheric concentration of Global Thermostat - CONFIDENTIAL ppm by 2125. CO2 of 500 10
- 11. A Sustainable Solution Close the carbon cycle – CO2 from air to make the energy we need- ENERGY SECURITY FOR ALL ̶AIR AND WATER MORE EQUABLY DISTRIBUTED CONTROL HUMAN CO2 INPUT TO CARBON CYCLE ̶TEMPERATURE CONTROL GREEN ENERGY FUND STIMULATES ECONOMIC GROWTH ̶STIMULATES TRANSITION TO CLOSING THE CARBON CYCLE ̶MONETIZE THE CO2 SO IT IS A VALUABLE AND NOT A POLLUTANT Global Thermostat - CONFIDENTIAL 11
- 12. Applications & Markets for Captured CO2 Storage Enhanced Algae- Hydroge Products Oil Based n-Based cement, Recovery fertilizer, Biofuels Fuels plastics, greenhouses Global Thermostat - CONFIDENTIAL 12
- 13. Renewable 95: Closing the Carbon Cycle CONVERTING CO2 FROM AIR & HYDROGEN FROM WATER TO 95 OCTANE GASOLINE Water Vapor and CO2 CO2 Capture & Hydrogen Conversion 95 Octane Global Thermostat - CONFIDENTIAL 13
- 14. GT Project with Algae Systems GT is developing a fully-integrated biorefinery through a partnership with Algae Systems • Produces carbon negative transportation fuels (diesel, jet, etc) • Treats municipal wastewater and produces drinking water • Generates green electricity and biochar fertilizers Fuels, CO2 Electr Algae Fuel icity Solar Dewatering Production Production & Energy Bioch Waste Treat ar Drin water ed king Wast Desalination Wate ewat r er This unique combination of technologies provides critical municipal services while producing energy in an embodiment that is As Green As It Gets Global Thermostat - CONFIDENTIAL 14
- 15. Geothermal Electricity + CO2 Collaboration with Green Fire Energy – Uses CO2 instead of water – 10-20% of circulating CO2 sequestered Using CO2 captured by Global Thermostat – Location flexibility of air capture – Economic advantage of locating near use – Increased geothermal locations accessible Produces Carbon Negative electricity Global Thermostat - CONFIDENTIAL 15
- 16. CLOSING THE CARBON CYCLE FOR ENERGY, ECONOMIC, AND CLIMATE SUSTAINABILITY 16
- 17. Global Thermostat Our goal is to provide technology to: ̶Facilitate the transition to a renewable future • Our Carburetor Technology to Clean Fossil Fuel Sources ̶Provide carbon for the renewable energy future • Our Direct Air Capture Technology to Close the Carbon Cycle ̶Provide a common technology platform • Connects air and concentrated CO2 sources ̶Make money by doing good We seek and welcome partners ̶They have already been essential to our efforts We are committed to broad dissemination ̶Licensing model Global Thermostat - CONFIDENTIAL 17
- 18. How GT Technology Works “GT CARBON SPONGE” Patented Carbon Sponge: porous block coated with proprietary amine sorbents Ambient air and/or flue gas goes through and binds to sorbent Carbon Sponge lowers into sealed chamber Low temperature process heat releases pure CO2 gas for collection Pipes to oil well, algae, etc. And the cycle restarts… 18 18
- 19. Technology Operation Ambient air OR Monolith Contactors Step 1 Air-flue gas blend + Sorbent Air Input “Cartridge” GT Module •GT uses Corning Adsorption monolith contactors Phase similar to those in your cars tailpipe •Contactors provide high surface contact areas at low pressure drop Regeneration •Enables movement of Phase large volumes of air with effective contact of CO2 at low cost •40 minute cycle 19 19
- 20. Technology Operation Ambient air OR Monolith Contactors Step 2 Air-flue gas blend + Sorbent CO2 “Cartridge” GT Module Capture •GT sorbents proven Adsorption highly effective by Phase Georgia Tech - confirmed by SRI, BASF, and NETL •BASF process to deposit immobilized Regeneration amines in pores of the Phase contactor walls at high loading •Dramatically reduces heat required compared to liquid based CCS 20 20
- 21. Technology Operation Monolith Contactors Step 3 + Sorbent “Cartridge” GT Module Regenerati •CO2-rich sorbent is on Adsorption heated with low- Phase temperature process heat (90-105C) steam •CO2 is collected and sorbent is regenerated Regeneration •CO2 can be stored or Phase used in multiple commercial applications •4 - 10 minute cycle 105C Steam CO2 Collection 21 21
- 22. Technology Partners Partner Activity Relationship Terms SRI International Pilot plant operation and R&D; lab testing Contract R&D BASF Sorbent development/supply; lab testing Strategic Supplier Corning Monolith development/supply Strategic Supplier Linde Carburetor Pilot/EPC Contractor/Customer EPC Contractor/Customer Georgia Tech Sorbent R&D; contactor testing Contract R&D Virgin Atlantic Renewable jet fuel Commercialization partner, customer Carmagen System design, engineering, optimization Contract consulting Engineering Summit Power Project engineering Project development fee 22 22
- 23. Closing the Carbon Cycle is Key For Sustainable Carbon-Based Life: Close the Carbon Cycle… Need Direct Air Capture ̶Carbon for a sustainable renewable energy future ̶Flexibility to provide sources and sinks Need Negative Carbon ̶Climate Security Need Carburetor for transition ̶Short term carbon free products ̶Long term carbon negative products Need a Green Energy Fund ̶Global Economic Sustainability Global Thermostat - CONFIDENTIAL 23
- 24. The Global Thermostat Carbon dioxide concentration decreasing CO2 ENER GY CAPTURE Atmosphere 800
- 25. Contact Graciela Chichilnisky Managing Director chichilnisky1@gmail.com Peter Eisenberger Managing Director peter.eisenberger@gmail.com Global Thermostat Confidential 25
Notas del editor
- The main message of my presentation is that one cannot have sustainability without us hunans Closing the Carbon Cycle , by which is meant the carbon in our fuel comes from the air just as the carbon for the energy of life comes from the air. This promotes sustainability because there is no net impact on the planets carbon balance , the input to energy being the air is more equitably distributed promoting energy security and economic development. The green power fund can provide the market stimulus to trigger this virtuous cycle.
- Read it – 1 what does it mean practically to close the carbon cycle 2 review the current view of how to address the threat of climate change – conservAationand renewables –will not avert climate risk 3 nor will it address the underlying poor distribution of fossil fuel sources and the lck of energy security anmd conflict that arise form it 4 we propose to address all thoise conbscerns by being able to get co2 form the air as input to making our hydrocarbon fuels 5 describe our technology to do that
- Snapshot of carbon cycle Note positve input of humans of 6 gigatonnes of carbon about 24 gigatonnes of co2 Note large fluxes of co2 between the land and air and the sea and air – natural balance today is to reduce co2 –global cooling period Note today 3-2 gigatonnes of our contribution adsorbed by rest of system that will change over time could aggravate problem grealty –would effecively double the rate of increase- nature changes the balance on its own and destructively so But even in this fortunate situation our current approach will not work
- Point out –three virtous feedbacks A human system that mimics the natural carbon cycle would have the attributes listed
- 2005 pacala and socolow As a detailed analysis shows will not prevent co2 from increasing –bathtub model
- Too small Maybe bullet or two
- Bathtub explanation –will not solve climate problem or address underlying energy security and economic development components of sustainability
- What are the options? What are the useful products and fuels we can create
- Intro slide to the options Key transition slide – need to find a way to begin process of transition to a sustainable solution Monetize the co2 by either making it into carbion nuetral by making products from flue gas sources or carbon negative energy and products with co2 from the air-the same infrastructure works for both making the cost of the transition to a ustainable future less costly allowing money to be used for more broad based economic development the stimulus of the green power fund
- Tech pathways to harvest atmosphere—create value in closed loop
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