Applications of Dielectric material including Capacitor and transformer (solid ,liquid, gaseous )

1. Gandhinagar Institute Of
Technology
Subject :- Physics(2110011)
Topic :- Applications Of Dielectric Material
Branch :- Computer Engineering (B)
Prepared By:- Grishma Rajput (160120107122)
Submitted To :- Prof. Sanket Thakor

2. OUTLINES :
• What Is Dielectric Material?
• Examples Of Dielectric Material.
• Application Of Dielectric Material:
Introduction.
• Dielectric in Capacitor.
• Application Of Dielectric In Capacitor.
• Dielectric In Transformer.
• Application Of Dielectric In Transformer.

3. What Is Dielectric Material ?
• Insulating materials are also termed as
dielectrics. The difference in the name between
dielectric and insulator lies in the application to
which these materials are put.
• When these materials are used to prevent flow of
electricity through them on the application of
potential difference, then they are called
insulators or passive dielectrics.
• On the other hand, if they are used for charge
storage then they are called dielectrics or active
dielectrics.

4. Some Examples Of Dielectric Material
• In practice, most dielectric materials are
solid. Examples include porcelain (ceramic),
mica, glass, plastics, and the oxides of
various metals.
• Some liquids and gases can serve as good
dielectric materials.
• Dry air is an excellent dielectric, and is used
in variable capacitors.Distilled water is a fair
dielectric.

5. Application Of Dielectric Material
• Based on various properties like insulation,
temperature dependency, permittivity,
dielectric strength, dielectric material are
used as various industrial material for
manufacturing of electrical devices. Most
common uses of these material are in.
Capacitor, power Transformer, Cables, Spark
generators, transducers, etc..
• In our syllabus we have given application of
two dielectric material :-
1. Capacitor
2. Transformer

6. Dielectric In Capacitor
• There are many dielectric capacitors available
based on their applications. The advantages to
use a dielectric materials, it has higher electric
storage capacity when it is placed between two
conducting plates. However, a high permittivity
allows a greater charge to be stored at a given
voltage.

7. Applications of Dielectric In Capacitor
• The Major role of dielectric material in
capacitor is to store electric energy.
Based on the nature of the dielectric
material used, the capacitor fall into
three groups.
1. Gaseous dielectric in capacitor.
2. Liquid dielectric in capacitor.
3. Solid dielectric in capacitor.

8. 1. Capacitor with vacuum, air, or other
gases as dielectric are used in radio
frequency and low frequency
measuring circuits.
2. Capacitor with mineral oil as dielectric
are used in high voltage applications,
where large value of capacitance is
required.

9. 3. Capacitor with a combination of solid
and liquid dielectric are used in the
applications where a high value
capacitance is required.
– In electric power distribution system for
power factor correction, this type of
capacitors are used.
– Ex: Glass, mica, oil impregnated paper
dielectric, mineral oil, castor oil.
4. Capacitor with only solid dielectric like
sodium, glass and titanium oxide are used
in laboratory as standard capacitors.

11. Dielectric in Transformer
• We can say that transformer is basic
arrangement of conductors and dielectric
insulators.
• We know that transformer contains two
parts: Primary coil and secondary coil.
• Energy transforms from primary coil to
secondary coil only through magnetic
induction, not by any electrical path. So to
avoid electrical conduction we must use
dielectric insulator at all possible places.

12. Applications of Dielectric In Transformer
• In transformer, the dielectric material
are used as insulator as well as cooling
agents. Based on the applications of
dielectric in transformer they fall into
three groups.
1. Gaseous Dielectric in transformer.
2. Liquid dielectric in transformer.
3. Solid dielectric in transformer.

13. Gaseous Dielectric In Transformer
• The usage of nitrogen in transformer
prevents oxidation and reduces the rate
of deterioration.
• Sulphur hexafluoride dielectric is an
electronegative gas which is used in
transformer. It is non-toxic, non-
inflammable and chemically inert.

14. Nitrogen filled
transformer
SF6 Sulphur Hexafluoride
filled transformer

15. Liquid Dielectric In Transformer
• Transformer oil- Its is a class of
mineral insulating oil and is used
as a coolant. It also maintains the
insulation of the winding.
• Fluorocarbon liquids are used in
large transformer to give high heat
transfer rates together with high
dielectric strength.

17. Solid Dielectric In Transformer
• Fibrous materials are used in air cooled
Transformers.
• Cotton tape is used for insulating the
conductors of oil cooled transformers.
• High quality synthetic resin bonded paper in the
form of cylinders is used as an insulator
between core and coils and also between
primary and secondary windings.
• Press board or press paper is used as a filling,
and as a packing material between coil.

19. Thank you