1. 主谓一致的原则 ㈠ 语法一致原则 : 主语为单数，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。 Jane and Mary look healthy and strong.. He likes reading stories. Some of the furniture has been moved to another room.. ㈡ 意义一致原则 Her family are all early risers. The old are taken good care of in our motherland. ㈢ 就近一致原则 Not only the students but also the teacher doesn’t know about it. There is a book and two pens on the desk.

2. 下面就从代词做主语、数词量词做主语、名词做主语等四个方面进行详细分析。

4. 4 . 疑问代词 who, what, which 作主语 时，视情况而定。 Who lives next door? It is Xiao Lin. Who live next door? Zhang and Liu. Which is(are) your book(s) ? 5. every-, some-, any-, no -, 等构成的不定代词作主语，谓语动词用 单数 Everybody obeys the rules. I’ll tell yopu something that sounds interesting. any, either, neither, none, all, some, more 等作主语 时，谓语动词有两种情况 ★ 单独作主语 All has been changed. All are present either, neither 单独作主语，谓语用单数 。 ★ 后接 of 短语， of 后宾语为不可数名词 ，动词当然用 单数 形式， of 后宾语为复数名词或代词 ，动词单复数均可。 Do(es) any of you know his address? None of them has(have) seen the film. All of the water is gone. each 单独作主语，动词用单数 。 Each of the students has a dictionary. The boy and the girl each have their own toys.

6. 1. half, the majority, the rest, some, most, (a) part, a lot, lots, plenty ， a large quantity ,masses 以及分数、百分数 +of+ 名词 / 代词 作主语 , 视情况而定。 Half of the work is left unfinished. Half of the apples are given to the children. More than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water. 但 qunatities of… 作主语 ，谓语动词一般用 复数 。 Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table..

7. 2. a (great) number of, many, a few + 可数名词复数 ，谓语动词用 复数 ； a little, much, a great deal of , + 不可数名词 ，谓语动词用 单数 。 A number of students have gone to the countryside. A great deal of waste is poured straight into the river. 3. one and a half + 复数名词 ，谓语动词用 单数 。 One and a half bananas is left on the table.

9. 3. 从句作主语 ，谓语动词用 单数 。 Whether we shall go there hasn’t been decided. What we need is more time. 但 What we need are doctors. What he said and what he did have greatly encouraged his brother. 4. 不定式、动名词作主语， 谓语动词用 单数。 Nodding the head means agreement, while shaking it means disagreement. To catch what he had said was difficult. 但 To say it and to do it are different things.

11. 2) 有些集体名词（如： people,police,cattle ， folk, mankind ）只当 复数 看待 , 谓语动词用复数。 The police are searching for him. Cattle are one cause of the problem. 3) 有些 无生命的集体名词 （如： jewellery, poetry, equipment, clothing 等）作主语时，谓语动词用 单数 。 Much of her jewellry was missing. The equipment of the lab is carried by two trucks. 注意： population 用法 : The population in our country is very large and eighty percent of the population are farmers.

12. 2. 表示 时间、金额、度量、距离 等复数名词作主语时，作整体看待，谓语动词用 单数 。 Three years has passed. Ten thousand dollars is not enough. 3. 国名、书报名、剧名、山水名、城市名、学科等 专有名词 作主语时，谓语动词用 单数 。 山脉（ the Himalayas ）、群岛 (the Philippines) 、瀑布 (the Nigara Falls) 等名词作主语时，谓语动词用 复数 。 The United Nations was founded in 1945. Maths seems to be difficult for me. TheSelected Poems of LiBai was published long ago. Wales lies to the west of England. The Philippines lie to the southeast of China.( 群岛 )

13. 4. 一些由 两个部份构成的名词 表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语常用 复数 形式，如： clothes,trousers,shoes,shorts,glasses,goods,chopstics( 筷子 ) 等，但由 a pair of, a kind of, a series of 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。 Her trousers are beautiful indeed. A pair of shoes was on the desk. 5. 单复数同形 的名词（如： means,works,Chinese,Japanese ， sheep, deer, fish 等）作单数时，谓语用单数 ; 反之谓语用复数。 The glass works was rebuilt in July,1979. The (These) glass works are near the railway station. 它们前面有 a, such a,this,that ， every 等 修饰时，谓语用 单数 ；有 all,such,these,those 修饰时，谓语用 复数 。 Means,no means,the means 前无修饰词时，谓语 单复数 均可。 Every means has been tried. （每一种办法） All means have been tried. （所有办法） There is(are) no means of getting there.

14. 6. 不定代词 each,every, no 修饰的名词，即使以 and 或逗号连接成多个并列主语，谓语的动词仍然用 单数 形式。 Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in the future. 7. 主语由 more than one… 或 many a… 构成，意义复数，谓语动词却用 单数 。 More than one student has seen the film “Titanic”. Many a ship has been damaged in the storm. 但 “ more+ 名词复数 +than one” 作主语，谓语动词一般用 复数 形式。 More young teacthers than one are against this plan 。

15. 8. the number of, a/the/this pair(kind, type) of, either/neither of + 名词复数 作主语，谓语动词用 单数 Is either of your parents an engineer? There is a pair of shoes left on the shelf. P.S. This kind of book=a book of this kind ( 这种书 ) ，其谓语用单数； this kind of men=men of this kind, 但前者谓语用 单数 ，后者谓语用 复数 。 This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous.

16. 9. 主语 +as well as ( as much as, no less than, with, along with, together with, rather than, like, but, except, besides, including ) 时，其谓语 单复数与主语保持一致 。 The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom. Nothing but stamps and envelopes is for sale. 10. 由 and, both …and 连接并列主语时，谓语动词常用 复数 Plastics and rubber never rot. Both my father and my sister are writers. 但 并列主语表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念 ，谓语动词用 单数 。 The poet and writer is gone. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habbit. A knife and fork is on the table. Bread and butter is served for the breakfast. No clothes and no food is difficult to live.

17. 11. 名词所有格之后名词被省略 的情况下，动词一般用 单数 。 My sister”s is not far from here. 12 ．由 or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but 等连接的并 列主语，谓语动词遵循 就近 原则。 Not his brothers but he wants to pay you a visit. Neither we nor she knows the stranger. Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room. there be /here be 结构类似 There is an old writing desk, a wooden bed and two chairs in his bedroom. Here are some envelopes and paper for you.

18. 13. 在 主谓倒装 的句子中， 谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致 。 Between the two windows hangs a picture. There lies a beautiful small town at the foot of the hill.

19. Ｅ xercises 1. Half of the fruit bad. A are B has C is D have 2. Who your friend, will try my best to help you with your English. A am B is C has D have 3. The rich not always happy. A are B is C has D have 4.Neither Tom nor jack and I his students. A are B am C is D was

20. 5.Every boy and every girl to attend the evening party. A wish B wishes C is like D like 6. The population of China larger than that of any other country in the world. A is B are C has D have 7. The League secretary and the monitor asked to attend the meeting this afternoon. A is B was C are D is being

21. 8.Chairman Mao’s works published. A has been B have been C was D is 9.Many a man come to help us. A have B has C is D are 10. “All present and all going on well ,” our monitor said . A is;is B are;are C are;is D is;are 11.One and a half bananas left on the table. A is B are C has D have

22. 12. Ten minutes an hour when one is waiting for a phone call. A seems B is C was D were 13. The whole class the teacher attentively. A are listening to B is listening to C are listening D is listening