1. This magazine is dedicated to the promotion of the better understanding of the
life and culture of Chile. A people proud of their long history and diverse heritage,
Chileans want to have good relations with the rest of the world.
Welcome. We hope you enjoy this presentation.
Traditional through
Modern Clothing Religious Affairs A Cult of Machismo Roles of the Family
by Rick Wolf by Gaelan Hartleip by Victoria Quaintance by Annalee Stockton
Page 9 Page 15 Page 20
Page 2

2. TRADITIONAL THROUGH MODERN CLOTHING
FORM THE CHILEAN CULTURE By Rick Wolf
 Chile has a long history of culture that has been influenced
by the Spanish, British, and Americans, along with native
cultures, Mapuche, Yaghan, and other tribes. Chile is the
only Latin American country preserving their national culture
(8). One of the cultures they are preserving is the world’s
southernmost indigenous culture in Chile, the Yaghan
language and culture (8). Another culture they are preserving
is the Mapuche culture and this can be seen in traditional
clothing and dance.

3. TRADITIONAL CHAMANTO
Chamanto is a traditional decorative garment from central Chile. The difference
between a chamanto and other ponchos is their reversibility, as both sides — one light,
one dark — are fully finished. Traditionally, the dark side of the poncho is used during
the day, while its light side is mostly worn at night.
The making of achamanto
demands great diligence,
because of the exquisiteness
involved in the weaving of the
silk and wool, plus the intricacy
of the design sketched by
crossing the threads.
The figures embellishing the
chamantos include copihues —
Chile’s national flower— barley
and wheat ears, blackberries, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation leaders
bunches of grapes, fuchsias, wearing chamantos during the 2004 summit.
pansies and various birds
Chilean businessman
representative of the national
and weapon
scientist, Carlos fauna. (1)
Cardoen, wearing a
chamanto and a
chupalla sombrero.

4. HUASOS
 Huasos in Chile are similar to the Guachosof Argentina, the
Llaneros of Venezuela and the cowboys of the United
States. The difference between the Chilean Huasos and
their similar counterparts in other regions is that the Huasos
not only deal with cattle but can also be involved in
agriculture. Most Chilean Huasos live South of Santiago
where there are a lot of cattle farms.
 Huaso is also the name used to refer to the man dancing in
the Cueca (the Chilean national dance) since he wears
their traditional clothing. The female in this dance is called
the China (with the flowery dress) or Huasaurbana (with the
elegant dress).
The essential clothing of a Huaso consists of:
A hat with a round rim which is ironing board flat. This is traditionally
black but you will find many that wear light-colored ones.
Knee-high leather boots with spurs at the heels.
A wide sash around the waist with part of it hanging towards the left. It is
usually black, grey or beige.
A jacket which is shorter around the waist than normal so that it doesn't
cover the sash.
The jacket is covered by a Poncho. This Poncho is what characterizes
each Huaso since they are each known for their own colors. (2)

5. TRADITIONAL DANCE CLOTHES
The national dance of Chile is called the
Cueca. The traditional Chilean clothing for the
dance is the men dress as a Huasos (Chilean
cowboy): hat, shirt, chamanto, riding pants,
short jacket, riding boots, and spurs. Women
wear a flowered dress with an apron. (3)
This dance is usually
performed during festivals and
national holidays. The
traditional Huasos outfit is
also worn at the rodeo events
(4)

6. MODERN CLOTHES
Business attire Casual attire
Business and casual clothes
have both a European
influence and a North
American influence.

7. CASUAL VS. BUSINESS
I think this picture sums up
the modern style. On the
right you have the business
man in a suit, the man in the
middle is wearing a casual
style suit jacket, dress shirt
and jeans, while the man on
the left, is younger and
wearing t-shirt and jeans
with a retro rolled up pant
legs and tennis shoes. (7)

8. SOURCES
(1) Chamanto From Widipediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamanto
(2) Huasos, South America: Chile http://www.southamerica.cl/Chile/Huasos.htm
(3) Chile’s National Dance: The Cueca, Pepe’s Chile, Joes Kitchen
http://www.joeskitchen.com/chile/2007/08/24/chiles-national-dance-the-cueca/
(4) Images of The Cueca, Google images
http://www.google.com/search?q=The+Cueca&hl=en&biw=1782&bih=872&prmd=imvns&tbm=isch&t
bo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=yn_BTrCoJIGNigL-0PyxAw&ved=0CDcQsAQ
(5) Business and Modern clothing, Google images
http://www.google.com/search?q=business+clothing+of+Chile&hl=en&biw=1623&bih=872&prmd=im
vns&source=lnms&tbm=isch&ei=bHLBTsDuH6qsiAKv6JT-
Ag&sa=X&oi=mode_link&ct=mode&cd=2&sqi=2&ved=0CDUQ_AUoAQ#q=business+clothing+of+Ch
ile&hl=en&sa=X&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&fp=252180ee14dd8f86&bi
w=1782&bih=872
(6) Clothing, Zazzle.com http://www.zazzle.com/kiss_me_im_chilean_tshirt-235295886910203409
(7) ―A good moment for Chilean cinema‖ This is Chile.cl http://www.thisischile.cl/6189/2/a-good-
moment-for-chilean-cinema-says-director-matias-bize/News.aspx

9. Religious Affairs
By Gaelan Hartliep
 Throughout this article we will explore the effects
of religion on the culture of Chile. The article will
also look at the obstacles generated by religious
differences and ways to get around them.

10. The Religious Demographic
 An estimated 73% of the population
in Chile claim to be catholic (Silva,
2011).
 15% of the Chilean population are
associated with the protestant church
(Silva, 2011).
 8% of the Chilean population abstain
from religion (Silva, 2011).
 The remaining 4% claim some other
religion (Silva, 2011).
 Religion is a very important aspect of
the Chilean culture.
 Chileans hold the upmost respect for
others religious affiliations, and
expect to be treated the same.

11. Walls and Barriers
 Certain differences create large gaps to be
vaulted when it comes to adapting to another
culture.
 One barrier can be a difference in religious
beliefs.
 Ethnocentrism is assuming that one’s cultural
traditions are better then someone else’s
(Beebe, S. A., Beebe, S. J., Ivy, Lane,
Redmond, 2011, p. 157)
 This concept can be applied to religious beliefs
as well. Belief that your religion is better or
more correct.
 Stereotyping and prejudice form two other
barriers that go hand in hand. Making
assumptions about a person because of their
affiliations, religious or not, and then judging
them based on those assumptions.

12. Building Bridges
 Religious tolerance is a necessity when trying to
adapt and effectively communicate with others
that have different beliefs.
 You do not need to compromise your own
beliefs, but accept that someone has a different
viewpoint.
 This can be done through a form of
Ethnorelative cultural perspective, which is ―an
appreciation for and sensitivity to cultural
differences‖ (Beebe et al, 2011, p. 162). Simply
take this concept and apply it to religious
differences.
 A way to combat stereotyping and prejudice is to
seek information. Do not go into another culture
or religion with preconceived notions. Look to
truly learn and understand about them, rather
then going on what you think you may know.

13. Adapting to Others
 While some will have no issue
adapting to the religious aspect
of Chile, others need to
understand how it comes into
play in the culture and how to
adapt to it.
 Intercultural Communication
Competence is defined as ―The
ability to adapt one’s behavior
toward another person in ways
that are appropriate to the other
person’s culture‖ (Beebe et al,
2011, p. 161)
 It is important to be able to
change one’s behavior to honor
another persons culture,
especially when it pertains to
religion.

14. Sources
Beebe, S. A., Beebe, S. J., Ivy, D. K., Lane, S. D., Redmond, M. V. (2011). The Blue
Book of Communication Studies. Boston, MA: Pearson Learning Solutions.
Image of the Bridge. Retrieved November 11, 2011, from
http://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla%3Aen-
US%3Aofficial&hl=en&source=hp&biw=1440&bih=706&q=building+bridges&gbv
=2&oq=building+bridges&aq=f&aqi=g8g-
m2&aql=&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=1043l3400l0l3550l16l14l0l2l2l0l173l1169l6.6l12l0
Image of Church. Retrieved November 11, 2011, from
http://thegreatamericandisconnect.blogspot.com/2010/11/catholic-church-
screams-we-are.html
Image of Cats. Retrieved November 11, 2011, from
http://cheezburger.com/Roanna/lolz/View/2994248704
Image of The Great Wall of China. Retrieved November 11, 2011, from
http://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla%3Aen-
US%3Aofficial&hl=en&source=hp&biw=1440&bih=706&q=building+bridges&gbv
=2&oq=building+bridges&aq=f&aqi=g8g-
m2&aql=&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=1043l3400l0l3550l16l14l0l2l2l0l173l1169l6.6l12l0
Library of Congress Country Studies. (n.d.) Chile: Religion and Churches. Retrieved
November 5 2011, from http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-
bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field%28DOCID+cl0067%29
Silva, P., (2011). Chile. Retrieved November 4, 2011, from
http://www.everyculture.com/Bo-Co/Chile.html

15. A CultVictoriaMachismo
By
of Quaintance
Machismo pervades all aspects of life in Chile,
including relationships and interactions with Machismoism: prominently
other cultures. Realizing the similarity of the exhibited or excessive masculinity or
domination and mistreatment of less powerful manliness. Ranging from a sense of
minorities in our own culture to those treated virility to male chauvinism,
that way in Chile could lead to better, more machismo characteristics include
nuanced communication.(Beebe, et. al.) domination, fierceness,
aggressiveness and bravado in ways
“I was born in ancient times, at the end of the that are showily and histrionically
world, in a patriarchal Catholic and tough. (Dictionary.com)(Farlex)
conservative family. No wonder that by age
five I was a raging feminist - although the term
had not reached Chile yet, so nobody knew
what the heck was wrong with me.”
Isabel Allende, Chilean human rights advocate
(Allende)

16. Where is machismo found in Chile?
• Chilean men often believe that they can demonstrate their love
though violent behavior and so perpetuate an environment
where violence against women can thrive. Nearly a third of
college age women report being the victim of sexual assault
since age 14, with 17% being victimized in the last year alone.
(Lehlear, et. al.).
Why do you make me hurt you?
• Media- Camila Vallejo, the 23 year old student president of the nation’s largest university, leads protests
again political corruption and ill treatment of the poor. The paternalistic and sexist media reported "she
would fit better on a models' runway than at the barricades," and when she refused to dance at a
demonstration; "Camila won't move her butt”.(Vergara)
• Politics- Female representatives make up only 15% of the government, one of the lowest in Latin
America. Women have little influence in making policy or working on social, economic and political
changes that effect communities as a whole.(VelosoOlguin)
• Gangs- Chileans have set up and are joining criminal organizations for drug trafficking.(Gallardo) A
macho based code of ethics and a standard of behavior based on bravado pervade gangs who fight for
turf control and rights. Overlords exploit the machismo culture for power and wealth.
• Catholic Church- An ideal of women’s purity achieved through acting as the Virgin Mary in their daily
lives has made them valuable as “mothers”. Women are expected to be selfless, devoted to family, and
to always put off career or personal goals in favor of other family members. Their moral and sexual
immaculacy is directly tied to the honor of male family members.(Chappelle)

17. Machismo in America?
• Sexism: Sexual harassment is simply an everyday part of life for middle and high school students. Half of
American students, grades 7-12, report being sexually harassed while in school. (Hill, et. al.) “Sexism in
American society seems more tolerated than racism, and certainly more acceptable or forgivable,” Katie
Couric, CBS news anchor.(Frid, et. al.)
• Every 45 seconds in the US someone is sexually assaulted. 14% of women in college have been raped,
however 9 out of 10 women raped on campus never tell anyone. (Crisis Connection)
Cost to Chilean Society The Catholic Bishops’ Conference of Chile issued a
• Suppression of Women statement rejecting any legislation that would
– Abortion is illegal in Chile yet is the highest rate decriminalize Chile’s restriction on abortion by
in South America: 43 unsafe abortions per 100 live allowing exceptions in the cases of rape, to save
births, one of the highest in the world. (WHO) the life of the mother, or fetal deformity. (Ertelt)
• Victims are forced to patronize the under-
ground medical system with unregulated facilities that are unsanitary, unlicensed and
undertrained which results in back ally and self-induced “coat-hanger” abortions.
• Results: unwanted children which overwhelmingly
affects the poor
• Women in the Work Force
– Women earn far less than men for the same employment
– Subject to rampant discrimination and sexual advances at
work
• Women do all housework. If working outside the home they
essentially pull a double shift every day unless earning enough Women protesting violence.
to pay for domestic help. Concepcion, Chile

18. • Domestic Violence
– Women are trapped in abusive relationships
– Despite increased record keeping there is little tangible support
from the state.
– Rape- Most women can not afford or do not have access to
emergency contraceptives.
– Femicide (term for the murder of women) averages 50 per year
• Suppression of Children and Aged
– Women are tasked with care of other oppressed classes resulting in
further stress on the fabric of society
– Disasters (natural or manmade) strike especially hard at women
with already stretched resources and those who rely on them.
• Human trafficking – Chile is a known route and has no laws against this
abuse. Women and girls are lured into responding to false ads for jobs A Chilean woman looks at an
and forced into prostitution and labor enslavement for domestic use and “empty shoe” femicide exhibit
for shipment to other countries.(Pratt) displaying the names of victims.
Power exchanges
The similarities between life in the US and Chile are striking. Both
cultures value women and the feminine as lesser than men.
These are just the facts while the reasons behind them are much
more convoluted and difficult to understand. Power exchanges in
common interactions will shape outcomes so it is important to
have a working knowledge of how the practice of machismoism
Where is she? permeates life in Chile when dealing with that culture.
Thanks for reading this article.

19. References
Allende, I. (2009) Isabel Allende tells tales of pasion, Video, http://www.ted.com/talks/isabel_allende_tells_tales_of_passion.html
Beebe, S. J., Beebe, S. A., Ivy, D. K., Lane, S. D., Redmond, M. V., Assuming Differences pg. 158 (2011) The Blue Book of
Communication Studies, Tacoma Community College Custom Edition, Pearson Publishing
Chappell, D.; Women’s Influence in Chile (the last 150 years)http://www.spotlightchile.com/women.htm
Crisis Connection (11-2011), http://www.crisisconnectioninc.org/sexualassault/rapestatistics.htm
Dictionary.com, 11-9-2011 http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/machismo
Ertelt, S. Catholic Bishops of Chile Oppose Weakening Abortion Ban (1-2011) LifeNews.com
http://www.lifenews.com/2011/01/04/catholic-bishops-of-chile-oppose-weakening-abortion-ban/
Lehrer, J., Lehrer, V., Lehrer, E., and Oyarzún, P., (2007) Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Sexual Victimization in College Women in
Chile, International Family Planning Perspectives Vol. 33, No. 4, Dec. 2007: Guttmacher Institute
The Free Dictionary by Farlex, 11-9-2011 http://www.thefreedictionary.com/machismo
Frid, Y.; There’s only one Katie Couric – and now she’s in Israel, Harretz.com 7-22-2008 http://www.haaretz.com/print-
edition/features/there-s-only-one-katie-couric-and-now-she-s-in-israel-1.250186
Gallardo, E.: Chile Fears Influx of Drug Gangs, The Seattle Times, 11-9-2011,
Hill, C., Holly, K.; Crossing the Line, Sexual Harassment at School (2011): AAUW
http://www.aauw.org/learn/research/upload/CrossingTheLine.pdf
Patt, M., (11-2011)"Human Trafficking & Modern-day Slavery - Chilehttp://gvnet.com/humantrafficking/Chile.htm
Unsafe abortion: global and regional estimates of the incidence of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2008 -- 6th ed. (2008)
pg. 19. World Health Organization http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501118_eng.pdf
Vergara, E. Pressure grows as Chile student leader opens talks, The Guardian, Associated Press, 10-05-2011
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/9879980
VelosoOlguin, J.F.; Women demand greater representation in Chilean politics, The Santiago Times, 11-3-2011
http://www.santiagotimes.cl/chile/politics/22809-women-demand-greater-representation-in-chilean-politics

20. Family Roles
By Annalee Stockton

21. • Extended family is very important in the Chilean culture.
In fact, it is a central idea.
• Many businesses in Chile are family owned and operated.
• Family is seen as a safety network in case something goes
wrong, which is why the family remains so close.
• Weekends and holidays are spent with the family.
Family as a Network

22.  In Chile nowadays, immediate families are normally made up of a
husband, wife, and two to three children. Many generations ago,
immediate families could have been made up of a husband, wife, and six
to seven kids.
 The family members that are considered to be “extended” family are
Aunts, Uncles, cousins Grandparents, and in some cases, very close
family friends. “It is also common for close friendships among adults to
lead to links that are family-like. For example, children often refer to their
parents' friends as „uncle‟ or „aunt.‟” (Chile-family structure and 1994)
Family Structure

23. Men: The men of Chile were considered to be
the primary providers for the household. They
still do most of the working today, although it Women:
is becoming more accustom for women to help Women in the Chilean Culture were
with the work. The men are never expected to expected to just stay home and
do any of the housework. take care of the children and
household. However, nowadays
many women go to school so
they can work and help provide
for the family.“By 1990 about
half the students in the nation's
primary and secondary schools
were female.” (Lewis, J. J.1994)
Women are still expected to
perform the duties of the house
such as cooking and cleaning.
Family Roles

24.  Children: The role of the children of a Extended Family: The role of the
family in Chile is actually gender specific. extended family is to be around for
The female children stay home and work support. Often, if both parents work or
on „wifely‟ skills with their mothers (if their are gone for any reason, the children of
mothers don‟t work). If the mother does that couple go to the care of the extended
work, then they girls are home with a family during the time of the parents‟
female maid. The male children leave for absence. Although, as previously stated,
the day with their father and help with the the role of the extended family in that
work. This way, each gender of children respect has lately been turned over to
can learn from their parents how to maids. The main role of the extended
behave when they grow up and run their family is and remains to this day, to
own household. provide strong support for one another.
Roles Continued

25.  Chile-family structure and attitudes toward gender roles. (1994,
March). Retrieved from
http://www.mongabay.com/history/chile/chile-
family_structure_and_attitudes_toward_gender_roles.html
 Chile - language, culture, customs and etiquette . (n.d.).
Retrieved from
http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-
etiquette/chile.html
 Have you met any chilean people?. (2009). Retrieved from
http://www.chile-attractions.com/chilean-people.html
 Lewis, J. J. (1994, March). Chile- family and gender issues.
Retrieved from
http://womenshistory.about.com/library/ency/blwh_chile_gender
_family.htm
Sources

26. We hope you take away from this presentation
a better understanding of the culture of a country
so far away from ours yet with many similarities. These common elements
can lead to better communication and friendship between our peoples.
Please consider responding to these questions. Thank you.
Questions
• My question is about the modern clothing. What style do you think influenced the
most for the modern clothes of Chile?
• How is religion relevant in Chilean culture today and how do religious differences
affect communication within the population of Chile?
• How do you react to macho, sexist domination when you find it in your culture and
what do you think such an encounter would feel like if you found it in a different
form, just as ingrained, in another society? How could cooperation between Chile
and America make a difference to women in both countries?