1) Augmented reality definition 2) Basic Characteristics of Augmented reality 3) Where it’s been really used? 4) Key components of Augmented Reality technology 5) Working principle of AR 6) Conclusion

2. contents
 Augmented reality definition
 Basic Characteristics of Augmented reality
 Where it’s been really used?
 Key components of Augmented Reality technology
 Working principle of AR
 Conclusion

3. Augmented reality definition
“Augmented reality (AR) is a blend of elements of
the virtual environment with the user’s environment in
the real-time”.
 In other words, Augmented reality (AR) is a live direct
or composite view of a physical, real-world environment
superimposed with virtual elements, which have augmented
(enhanced) by computer-generated sensory input such as
sound, video, graphics or GPS data.

4. Here, the giraffe is a virtual object, while the tree is the real
one. With the use of AR, you can see the superimposition of
both in the real-time. In other words, your actual view has
augmented (enhanced) with a virtual giraffe in the real-time.

5. Basic Characteristics of Augmented reality:
“Three Basic Characteristics of Augmented reality (AR)”
are –
Overlay of Real and Digital world
Real-time interaction
Registration and Alignment in 3D

6. The live telecast of any cricket match on TV, where you see
a virtual line or curve representing the path of a ball?
Is this an example of AR?
Now the Answer would be Yes.
In this example, virtual line or curve has created in the real-
time by using the live feed from the match and thus meeting
all the three basic characteristics of Augmented reality
technology. Thus, Augmented reality definition is
incomplete without these three basic characteristics.

7. Virtual path of a ball

8. Examples of AR- Use of Augmented Reality
technology in the Real World
AR has already been used in many areas. Some of
the Augmented reality examples can
be mentioned as below:
AR Business card:

9. AR Business card:
 During any conference or in any business meeting,
sharing business card is one of the preferred ways to increase
social networking contacts.
 Conventional business cards typically contain a name, job
title, phone number, address and website address.
However, in AR business cards, an AR code is also present
along with other useful information.
 You can easily scan this AR code through
your Smartphone. This enables you to get extra digital
contents, like 3D or 360 degree videos of the relevant
products.

10. Alive app by Times Group in India:
 Alive, an AR-based application, is used to see
exclusive content like animation, videos, photo shoots.
 You can scan any printed image of newspaper,
brochures, pamphlets, magazines.
 It works by recognizing images, logos, location, QR
codes, and objects in the real-time.

11. Alive app by Times Group in India:

12. Virtual furniture app:
 For purchasing of home furnishing items, a lots of AR-based
shopping applications are available on the internet.
 These applications work by digitally adding virtual furniture to
the real space available in the room
 So, before buying actual furniture, you can place a photo-
realistic virtual furniture in your room. Thus, you can have a
feeling of “how it would look afterward?”

13. Virtual furniture app:

14. Trial Kart (an online dressing room app)
 Using this, you can choose and try any product listed
online to visualize how the piece of clothing or accessory
would look on you.
 To get a more realistic picture, zoom in, readjust and
reorient options are also available

16. Augmented reality Technology- Responsible for great
experience
 Hardware, Software and a Remote server are the three
major components of the Augmented Reality technology.
 Key hardware components in AR-based devices are a
processor, display, input devices and sensors. The display is
either a monitor, handheld device, eyeglass or Head
Mounted Displays (HMD).

17.  Virtual images, used for overlapping over the real live
image, can be generated using 3D software. Software can
be AutoCad3D, StudioMax or Cinema4D. CT and MRI data
can also be added to the real world.
 The input device is either the camera of a Smartphone or
a webcam connected to the internet. Sensors are gyroscope
or accelerometer of a mobile device or it could be an infrared
sensor. Nowadays, a Smartphone consists of all hardware
requirements of augmented reality.
 Software plays a key role in the functioning of any
device based on Augmented reality technology.

18.  Also, to experience Augmented reality, the end-user has to
download a software application or browser plug-in.
 Apart from this hardware and software, a web or cloud
server plays an important role in storing the database of virtual
images.
 Based on the request received from AR application, virtual
images are retrieved from the web or cloud server and sent to
the application.

19. The below figure illustrates the key components of Augmented
reality

20. How does Augmented reality (AR) work?
Basic understanding of working principle
Augmented reality based applications work on the basis of
two types of approaches, named as Marker-
based and Location-based.
Location-based:
When camera of a Smartphone having Location-based
Augmented reality application is pointed towards a real scene,
inbuilt GPS software recognizes the location of the device in
the world.

21. Based on this recorded location and orientation of device
recorded through inbuilt sensors, like accelerometer and
gyroscope of the device, the application offers data, relevant
to that specific location, towards which user is looking for.
These digital informative data are then superimposed to the
real scene, visible to device camera. Most widely
implemented AR applications are having location-based AR
approach. Below figure can effectively illustrate the working
principle of Location-based AR applications.

23. Marker-based:
You must have heard about QR code.
This is the most common type of Marker-based Augmented
reality. 2D bar-code is the simplest type of AR markers.
And, more complex type consists of bright color and meaningful
pictures.
When a Smartphone having Marker-based AR application
scans a pattern such as a bar-code or a symbol through the
camera on it, the software recognizes it and superimposes a
digital image on the screen. 3D or animated digital image is
used for a better experience.

24. The Marker-based AR approach is also called as Recognition-
based Augmented reality.
The below figure can effectively illustrate the working principle
of Marker-based type of AR applications.

26. Conclusion:
 Augmented reality is not a term from science fiction movie
rather this technology exists in our Real world.
 Three Basic Characteristics are the inherent parts of the
Augmented reality definition.
 A lot of AR-based applications are already available both
in Android and iOS platform.
 The Technology used in AR combines Hardware,
Software and Web server.

27.  Augmented Reality works based on two approaches,
named as Marker-based and Location-based. These two
approaches are the backbone of many AR-based
applications.
 Augmented reality is the real world enhanced with virtual
objects where as Virtual reality is a full immersion into the
virtual world.
 Augmented reality is not a new technology. Due to recent
growth in Digital marketing, companies and software
developers have started to develop AR-based Hardware and
applications.