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Strategic Planning Paper 7 2009
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Michael Haessly - SSBB, CQE, CRE, CQM, CSQE, CQA
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Strategic Planning – Missed Opportunity During Tough Economic Times
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Strategic Planning Paper 7 2009
1.
Strategic Planning –
Missed Opportunity During Tough Economic Times By Michael Haessly and Michael Raftery During these tough economic times companies are leaders in all roles within the company. This faced with a myriad of challenges, ranging from process encourages two very positive reactions: It changing markets and lower customer demand to provides a real self esteem boost to the employees higher operational and supplier costs. To address and it starts the buy-in of future outcomes and these issues many companies are taking drastic action plans by these individuals. One can never actions such as laying off employees, reducing predict where or from whom the next “big” idea hours, etc. will originate. All of these actions appear to be the right things to When working through the “who” to be included in do based on the current economic situation. the planning process, also think about the “how” of However these actions are reactive and only impact collecting the individual ideas and feedback. A the business bottom line in the short term. They do simple survey with questions of relevance and not focus on future-based activities such as how to importance to your company can be used. One-on- build the business, improve market share or take one or focus group sessions with an outline for advantage of the current or future markets. leading the discussion and feedback can also be effective. A key point is to match the method and The purpose of this article is to identify proactive questions with the culture of your company. actions that can be taken to plan for future Bottom line output is the collection of relevant, economic growth and reduce the impact of poor concise information on the condition of the economic times on the business in the future. This enterprise and valid ideas and feedback from the is the time where strategic planning is the most employees. useful. Depending on the size of your company or division, The basic tenants or goals of strategic planning are you may end up with a large amount of information. to provide leadership, set direction, enable In order to use this information effectively during resources, remove roadblocks and execute the plan. the actual planning session, organize the data into categories. Use a simple spreadsheet or document Provide leadership table for this process. The end result is a quick reference document of the current collective It can be very stressful in the current business wisdom that will be useful during the planning climate to pull back from the daily tactical process. responses to your business and initiate an un- scheduled strategic planning session. In fact, it’s One last and most important suggestion, invite one probably the last thing your key managers want to or two key non-senior staff personnel to the do. History shows how companies that grew strategic planning session. Think of it as succession significantly after business down-turns planned for planning in action. As you grow your company you future growth and sustainability during the slow should be growing your future leaders also. It also times. Such planning can have a highly motivating sends a very strong message of trust and cohesion to effect on the company. It sends the message that rest of the employees. The included individuals management is not going to react to the current will become the go-to people for questions and business conditions by sitting on the sidelines. comments about the action plans. They can also Rather they are going to act proactively and protect become champions for specific projects developed and build the business. during the planning process which spreads the strategic plan execution workload. As you begin the planning process, make sure you involve all key personnel. This should not be just a positional involvement but include all thought 1 of 6 © Copyright 2009
2.
Strategic Planning –
Missed Opportunity During Tough Economic Times By Michael Haessly and Michael Raftery Set direction force has the expertise and contacts in the new market to both understand and address the customer Setting the proper and possibly new direction for a needs and get in contact with the key decision business is critical to follow the ever changing makers to close the sale. Engineering needs to be direction of the market in these turbulent times. A evaluated to determine if they have the necessary company who stays along the same course as it did expertise and knowledge and resources to design, before the economic downturn may find itself develop and implement the product that the new moving in a direction not in tune with the market market customer needs. Operations needs to be when the recovery takes place. It is critical evaluated to determine if the current production therefore to read and interpret the changes in the capabilities, (i.e. capacity, equipment and market so that the company can be poised in the manpower resources), are sufficient to meet the right direction at the beginning of the recovery. needs of the new market. Quality and Regulatory needs to be evaluated to determine if there are any During these tough economic times the markets are specific industry quality or regulatory requirements dramatically shifting from what they were prior to that need to be addressed prior to release to market. these economic hardships. What used to be highly For example for medical devices one needs to be profitable markets and industries are now resulting compliant with FDA regulations to sell a product in in significantly lower profits or are totally the United States. Additional regulations apply to unprofitable. Therefore continuing to pursue the Canada, the European Union as well as other parts same market that you did prior to these economic of the world. Supply chain needs to be evaluated to times doesn’t make good business sense. determine if they have the necessary expertise to develop the appropriate supply chain for the new Revisiting the company’s strategic plan at this time business. will allow the executive management to evaluate their market strategy and determine if the existing Finally, as part of the strategic planning process the markets continue to remain profitable or have the entire company focus may be affected and need to potential for growth in the future. It also follows be updated. This could involve the development of that strategic planning will identify markets that the new company mantra, company mission should be abandoned totally. As existing markets statement and totally new business model. Once are downsized or abandoned new market this new business model has been finalized the opportunities must be identified and pursued. entire company needs to be both informed as well as trained in how the changes effect the day to day A SWOT analysis of the businesses core strengths, operations of each and every individual within the weaknesses, opportunity’s and threats should be company. performed to identify both the best opportunities for growth and where the greatest competitive threats Enable Resources are present. During this phase a thorough analysis of the competitive landscape needs to be performed The next tenant or goal of strategic planning is to to identify both existing competition as well as new enable resources. These resources can take the competition from companies also seeking to form of manpower or FTE’s (Full Time improve their market share. Employees), money, equipment and time. Once the directions of the external markets are Manpower must be evaluated to identify both areas identified, the capability of the internal Sales, where additional resources are needed and also Engineering, Operations, Quality/Regulatory and where excess resources exist. In the process of Supply Chain departments to meet these new changing the company’s market focus , business markets needs to be evaluated. Sales needs to be plan changes, resources and where those resources evaluated to determine whether or not the sales are applied is a given. If there are opportunities for 2 of 6 © Copyright 2009
3.
Strategic Planning –
Missed Opportunity During Tough Economic Times By Michael Haessly and Michael Raftery growth, where higher profits or more business time. If anyone figures out how to change this law stability can be achieved, personnel should be then the authors would like to partner with that assigned to those areas. In addition, areas where the person in the development of a new business. market has significantly decreased or where However, all is not lost. What can be managed is strategic planning has indicated no future business the use of that Time by the application of the other exists resources in those areas either needs to be three resources in this section of this article. Simply reduced or assigned to those areas where resources put the amount of Time required to complete a task are necessary. is usually inversly proportional to the amount of other resources applied to the problem. Obviously, Money or more specifically the flow of money there comes a point where excess resources cause needs to be evaluated to determine if there is gridlock and bring the project to a grinding halt. sufficient projected cash flow and is there sufficient This rarely occurs now since most companies do not internal allocation of revenue to foster the growth in have excess resources to cause this phenomenon. In the new markets the company is attacking. This is that case you probably wouldn’t be reading this analogous to a farmer ensuring there is sufficient article. water to supply his crops and redirecting the irrigation network to the field where the water is Overall the resources; Manpower, Money and most needed to foster the growth of new and Equipment need to be balanced and optimized to profitable crops. It does no good to keep funneling meet the demands of the new market. In addition to money into a shrinking business than it does to be balanced the resources also now need to be more continue to pump water into flooded fields; that is flexible today than they were for past markets when unless you’re raising rice or cranberry’s where a company set up a machine and an operator and let flooded fields are a necessity. them make the same part for the next few decades. Today’s markets demand flexibility of resources An equipment resource, with regards to type, and hence the development of cellular capacity and capability, is the final resource that manufacturing and one piece flow. needs to be enabled. As the markets change the company may find that the equipment that it Remove Roadblocks currently utilizes does not meet the needs of the new market. The equipment may simply be the One of the last steps prior to executing the plan is to wrong type and no longer needed. If it is needed identify and remove roadblocks which, by somewhere else in the company, move it to where it definition, will adversely impact on the successful is needed. If it is no longer needed convert the completion of the strategic planning process. Equipment resource in to the Money resource and get the correct equipment. If the equipment is the One of the first roadblocks is negative thinking correct type but just doesn’t have enough capacity which tries to derail the strategic planning process then some Money resources need to be converted by highlighting all the reasons why the plan won’t into some Equipment resources to raise the capacity work. This is not to say that all reasons for the up to a level to meet the market demand. Finally, if failure of the plan have been eliminated. On the the current equipment is not capable of producing contrary, there may be valid reasons for a plans the product to the necessary precision and/or quality failure, however these are recognized by the plan requirements then the need for improving or and managed throughout the execution of the plan, acquiring new equipment needs to be evaluating; again converting money into equipment. Roadblocks may range from the opinion that the proposed plan will “never work” to “we tried that Finally the last resource is Time. Unfortunately, before and it did work then”. Both of these Time flows forward at a constant rate and no opinions may stem from past history or possible bad amount of planning will change the level or flow of experiences caused by poorly laid or executed 3 of 6 © Copyright 2009
4.
Strategic Planning –
Missed Opportunity During Tough Economic Times By Michael Haessly and Michael Raftery plans. Negative opinions may also be due to the unprofitable, where unprofitable may mean no net “not invented here” or “not invented by me” cash flow or a business that is running below the syndrome. In either case all ideas need to be desirable profit margin that the company has evaluated based on their merit and not on past targeted for customers. In these instances, part of history or who came up with the idea. Some of the the strategic plan needs to deal with the divestiture best ideas are those that have been tried before and of these customers in order to support the new failed due to different market and business factors at business direction. This does not mean to the time or have been proposed by the lowest level summarily drop the current customer and as a result of the organization which has direct day to day negatively impact their business. As part of this experience with the operation or processes needing plan, the company must consider the needs of the improvement. Another reason for these negative customer and work with the customer in opinions may just be a simple fear of change (i.e. transitioning to a new supplier. This additional it’s better to stay with something we know, even effort will pay off in good will and also leave the though it is less than optimal, rather than take a risk door open to possible future business with not only on something new) this customer but other customers as well. Word of this type of transition support will go throughout the Another roadblock is continuing to maintain and industry as fast as the new of poor supplier service carry unprofitable businesses or operations. Many but will lead to future opportunities within the times these are sacred cows which cannot be killed industry. due to either past customer history or who decided to pursue this business or implemented this process Unproductive/unqualified personnel are another long, long ago. (See previous roadblock). The internal roadblock to executing the strategic plan. author has seen problematic product designs which As new markets, processes and businesses are were maintained even though the rest of the pursued by the company there may be some industry had made improvements and moved on. personnel who are no longer capable for supporting This resulted in the waste of millions of dollars. It that plan and direction. In many cases retraining is was only after the retirement of the senior executive possible to bring personnel up to speed with new that the design group was free to pursue the best technologies and new practices. However, if there practices of the industry. As a result of this design is a significant shift in strategic direction, there may freedom, quality went up, costs went down and be a need to identify and recruit new personnel who there was an overall increase in customer are capable of supporting the vision and the plan satisfaction. Again, base the decision to eliminate and divesting those whose capabilities and strengths unprofitable processes or businesses based on sound do not support the plan. economic data and not on ancient history or what executive made the decision to pursue this path long One final roadblock is conflicting business ago. To be fair with senior executives, many of the priorities. An example is a plant with two strategic plans and the resultant processes or supervisors. One supervisor is in charge of raw businesses may have made sound strategic sense, materials and subassembly manufacture. Their goal one, five, or ten years ago. But with the is to reduce inventory. The second supervisor is in dramatically changing markets and global economy charge of finished product assembly and delivery. those that no longer make economic sense need to Their goal is to maximize manufacturing efficiency be jettisoned. and improve on-time delivery. In other words, the first supervisor is rewarded by reducing inventory Perhaps one of the more difficult roadblocks to deal and is not rated on their effect on finished product with is the unprofitable customer who may have a delivery. In effect, the first supervisor is successful long history with the company. This customer may when they impact the second supervisor’s goal and have started out as profitable and either through the overall performance of the company. This is an market changes or other effects has become example of conflicting business priorities which 4 of 6 © Copyright 2009
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Strategic Planning –
Missed Opportunity During Tough Economic Times By Michael Haessly and Michael Raftery pull in opposite directions and adversely impacts complete the projects. Or they may be able to offer the business. Another more sinister example of insight into identifying other associates who are conflicting business priorities is when there are two capable and willing to take on an extra project. or possible three number 1 priorities. In these cases there is a constant battle between the multiple "You get what you measure. Measure the wrong number one’s, and sometimes, multiple two’s and thing and you get the wrong behaviors." - John H. three’s. Although it appears to be obvious, there Lingle. should only be one number one priority, one number two and so on for each business group, Before releasing your three to five projects or individual, etc. In this way the allocation of initiatives to the prospective leaders, make sure you resources becomes very clear and unarguable and have answered: What is the number one measurable the projects move forward in priority order. result you need to achieve from this plan that will drive all the other desired outcomes? Or what is the Execute the Plan key weakness in your business model that must be fixed? After determining what this result must be, At this point in the process, you should have a list decide how each of the quarterly initiatives or of projects and initiatives that will propel your projects will contribute to attaining this desired business over the next months. The real key to result. What is the key result that each must successful execution is prioritizing the planning provide to make the plan successful? If a key result items into a chronological list that will provide is not in alignment with the number one measurable maximum impact for the enterprise. The first rule result, why not? Has the team defined the correct of strategic plan execution is to only pick the top outcome for the initiative or project (measured the three to five items on the list. Three is better and right thing)? Is it a stand-alone key project or five is the maximum any company can hope to initiative? If yes, does it need to be included in the complete within an effective time frame. strategic plan in order to be completed? Could it Remember, less is more. If you have large or place strategic projects at risk by tying up finite complex initiatives, it’s best to break them into company resources? Do not allow scope creep to manageable sub-projects so you can assess just how devour precious company resources. This process much time should be allocated to their completion. of aligning the projects with the number one This exercise leads to the second rule of execution: measurable result provides a framework for prioritize the initiatives, projects or sub-projects departments and personnel to define and execute into quarterly time buckets. Determine what needs appropriate tasks or small projects that will support to be completed in the next 90 days in order to and enhance the strategic plan. successfully execute the strategic plan. In today’s fast-changing business world, the three month Now you have your plan, you have your initiatives window provides the company with a series of or projects and you have your corporate alignments quick, planned successes and the opportunity to in place. All that’s left is to complete it right? make strategic course corrections in a disciplined Statistics say it probably will not go as planned. So manner. At the beginning of each quarter the team you need to set up one final and essential reviews the last quarter’s projects and results and framework to ensure success. Set up weekly and sets the next quarter’s strategic path by establishing monthly feedback sessions where the individuals the next set of projects to complete. The third rule responsible for each initiative or project give is to not over-extend your available resources. It’s progress reports to senior management. It should be safe to assume the usual “go-to” personnel are presented in person and should include concise already quite busy with the tactical running of the information on each project. The weekly report-out company. If you had the opportunity to invite key should include progress made to milestones, budget non-senior staff personnel to the planning session, update and requests for assistance for anything that they could be part of the talent pool you will need to is blocking the anticipated progress of the project. 5 of 6 © Copyright 2009
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Missed Opportunity During Tough Economic Times By Michael Haessly and Michael Raftery This weekly session provides timely opportunities to make appropriate course corrections by senior Authors management and/or the project leader. The monthly Michael Haessly is the Director of Operations and Quality at NDI session should include the same report-out Medical, Inc. in Cleveland OH. He earned his bachelor’s and information with the addition of a strategic review master’s degree in chemical engineering from Case Western of the initiative or project. The senior team should Reserve University. He is a Senior member of American Society assess the current business conditions as they Quality and a Six Sigma Black Belt, certified manager of pertain to a specific project and make any quality/organizational excellence, certified quality engineer, certified quality auditor, certified reliability engineer and a certified software appropriate course changes. With today’s ever quality engineer. He can be reached at changing conditions, it would not be too surprising mhaessly@businessimprovementservices.com. to find a very viable initiative or project become non-essential or even non-value-added to the Michael Raftery is a principle at Business Improvement Services, a company. Bottom line is not to let any initiative or consulting and coaching firm located in Cleveland, OH. He project become misaligned with where the company specializes in strategic planning, system and process planning, management and improvement, and lean training and installation. needs to be to in order stay sustainable and He is a Senior member of American Society for Quality and a competitive. certified quality engineer. He can be reached at mraftery@businessimprovementservices.com. At the end of the quarter, the senior team reviews the completed initiatives and projects and utilizes this data along with review of the strategic plan to identify which projects should be executed in the next quarter. The execution process described above then becomes iterative and dynamic. 6 of 6 © Copyright 2009
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