ICT refers to technologies that provide access to information through digital devices and computer systems. It involves the transmission of information and processing of data, including storing, retrieving, sending, receiving, and searching for information. Computers have evolved through 5 generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits and microprocessors. ICT is now used widely in education, banking, industry, and commerce for functions like e-learning, online banking, automation, and e-commerce. While ICT has enabled faster and cheaper communication globally, it can also cause social and health issues if not implemented properly.

1. INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION AND SOCIETY

2. What is ICT?

4. INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ICT is a technology required for information processing, in particular, the use of electronic computers, communication devices and software applications to convert, store, process, transmit and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime.

5. INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Information – Input data that has been processed by the computer; data that is organized, meaningful and useful.

6. INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Communication – process of sharing data, programs and information between two or more computers.

7. Evolution of computers 1st generation (1951-57) : vacuum tube 2nd generation (1958-63) : transistor 3rd generation (1964-69) : integrated circuit 4th generation (1970-90) : microprocessor 5th generation (1991-beyond) : connectivity

8. 1st generation : vacuum tube Computers were built with vacuum tubes – electronic tubes that were made of glass the size of a bulb Were used as the internal computer component

9. 1st generation : vacuum tube (cont) The first electronic digital computer – UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) Introduced by Dr. John W. Mauchly and J. Presper based on ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

10. 1st generation : vacuum tube (cont) Disadvantages: A great deal of heat as thousands of tubes were required All the tubes working simultaneously, causing the tubes to burnout Programming used was machine language – difficult & time consuming.

11. 2nd generation : transistor First computers were built with transistors Small devices that transfer electronic signals across a resistor This computer use less power & less heat than vacuum tubes Faster, smaller and more reliable

12. 3rd generation : integrated circuit 1964 : manufacturers began replacing transistors with integrated circuits. Complete electronic circuit on a small chip made of a silicon. These computers are more reliable, compact and less cost to the manufacture.

13. 3rd generation : integrated circuit (cont) IBM introduced its System/360 line of compatible system computer, which can be used by the same programs and peripherals.

14. 4th generation : microprocessor Many key advances were made – microprocessor A specialized chip developed for computer memory and logic Use a single chip to create a smaller personal computer Revolutionized the computer industry

15. 5th generation : connectivity Referred as the connected generation because of the connectivity of computers.

16. 5th generation : connectivity Rapidly expanding Internet, World Wide Web and Intranet Created an information superhighway that has enabled both computer professionals and home computer users to communicate with others across the globe.

17. ICT usage in everyday life Education Banking Industry Commerce

18. Exercise Find 1 example of ICT usage in Education Banking Industry

19. ICT Usage: Education E-learning Resources / references from the internet

20. ICT Usage: Banking Pay bills using online banking Make a transactions anywhere, anytime

21. ICT Usage: Industry Replaced human energy with machine

22. ICT Usage: Commerce E-commerce, e-shopping Selling & buying through internet

23. Computerized vs. non computerized system

24. Computerized vs. non computerized system

25. Other sector Architecture Computer graphics to experiment with possible interiors Arts Modern artist use computer to express their creativity Career Job opportunities related to the ICT such as system analyst, programmer or technical writer. Government To forecast weather, process immigrant, manage parks and etc.

26. Other sector Healthcare To promote telemedicine and information sharing. Doctors and medical practitioners apply modern treatment such as laser treatment. Home For record keeping, writing letters, preparing budget and communicating with others. Lawenforcement Maintaining national fingerprint files, modeling DNA. Transportation Used in Rapid Transit System and track railway system. Travel Room reservation, helps tourists to plan their holidays.

27. Impact of ICT on society Positive: Faster communication speed via e-mail Lower communication cost People do not have to pay for any basic services provided by the internet. Reliable mode of communication Information can be accessed and retrieved from anywhere and anytime. Effective sharing of information Paperless environment Borderless communication

28. Impact of ICT on society Negative: Social problems People become individualistic Hacking, pornography, online gambling Health problems Exposed to bad posture, eyestrain, physical and mental stress. Ergonomic environment can be introduced

29. The end of chapter Introduction ICT