Geographic information system,remote sensing,Use of GIS/ RS in Business,Data sources

2. INTRODUCTION TO GIS
Course instructor: Engr. Faisal ur Rehman
Course Code: CE318

3. Group members

4. Contents
• What is GIS/RS
• Application to civil engineering
• Data
• Data sources
• Use of GIS/ RS in Business

5. What is GIS
According to Environmental Systems Research Institute
(ESRI), an international supplier of GIS software, “A
geographical information system (GIS) is a computer-
based tool for mapping and analyzing things that exists and
events that happen on Earth………....” (ESRI)

6. What is RS(REMOTE SENSING)
Remote: Not in contact with, away from.
Sensing: The act of observation.
using sensors on onboard Like Balloons, Drone, Aircrafts, Satellites
and space shuttles
Remote sensing is the art and science of making measurements of the earth
using sensors on onboard

7. Application to civil engineering
1. Transportation:
……..traffic flow trends can be viewed in conjunction with
population changes on the same map at the same time.
Additional map layers, such as optimum routes for future
bridges, can be added at any time.
Source: technorely(blog)
Roundabout Schematics

8. 2. Terrain Mapping And Analysis
GIS technology convert terabytes of data into highly detailed, color-enhanced
3D maps. With these data soil properties, underground features, and hidden
geological features can be mapped.
GIS enables engineers to identify optimum locations for future developments
and to make detailed analyses without setting foot on the location.
Source: technorely(blog)

9. 3. Watershed Analysis
GIS can provide graphical and numerical representation of
water flow rates, direction, depth, and accumulation. Used in
conjunction with terrain analysis and pollution data, engineers
can help protect the natural water sources.
Source: technorely(blog)

10. 4. Environmental Engineering & Impact Studies:
In GIS historical data, future development plans, industrial concerns, and
other data can be combined in analysis maps, thus by presenting
simultaneous view of the factors that can affect the environment, engineers
can make decisions that have the least impact.
Source : google

11. 5. Critical Infrastructure Protection:
Emergency managers use the enterprise GIS database to:
• Identify critical infrastructure and hazards within affected areas.
• Identify medical resources and route patients to nearest facilities.
• Prepare evacuation routes for at-risk populations.
• Provide accurate damage estimates.
• Identify priorities for short-term recovery needs.

12. 6. Site Analysis:
GIS quickly analyzes and incorporates various types of
images and information for sites analysis,which make there
work easier.
Source : google.com

13. Data and data sources
The most important and expensive component of the Geographic
Information System is Data which is generally known as fuel for
GIS. GIS data is combination of graphic and tabular data.
The following are different types of data:
- Vector data (using points, lines, and polygons, They store
information in x, y coordinates)
- Raster data (Raster data are a grid of regularly sized pixels)
- Image data
- Attribute data (Attribute data is defined as information used to
create control charts)

14. Vector data Raster data
Attribute data

15. Data sources
Some of important GIS data sources are as under:
Name Description
Natural Earth Public domain vector and raster dataset. Supported
by the NACIS
Global Map Provides consistent coverage of all the Earth's land
cover area. Includes different thematic maps such as:
transportation, elevation, drainage, vegetation,
administrative boundaries, Registration required
USGS Land Cover
Institute
Land ,wind ,earthquake
GSHHG Global Self-consistent, Hierarchical, High-resolution
Shoreline Database: high quality, and consistent
data.[4]
NCAR GIS Climate
Change Scenarios
includes data used by the IPCC in their reports.
Operated by the National Center for Atmospheric
Research. Registration required.

16. Use of GIS/ RS in Business
1. Dairy Industry:
The dairy industry uses GIS data for distribution, production, and
identifying the location of shops. It is a useful tool for planning in
the field of dairy farm management and allows for better decision
making.
2. Pest Control (Agricultural industry):
Pest control is essential to agricultural production, and GIS
technology plays a vital role in mapping out infested areas.
Organizations can consequently develop more effective pest
management plans.

17. 3. Banking industry:
Bank’s success depends mainly on its ability to provide
customer-driven services. GIS data plays an essential role in
planning, organizing, and decision making in the banking
industry.
4. Taxation: GIS data helps solve taxation problems and
maximize government income.
5. Electricity distribution:…..it help govt to distribute
electricity properly and to those who pay bills……..

18. Any question…..???