The 2016 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme was held in Labuan Island and Beaufort, Sabah, Malaysia. The Programme included workshops, plenary sessions, and fieldwork around the topics of local sustainable development challenges in the region. The main goals of the Programme were to identify local leadership opportunities for sustainable development and to link local and national sustainable development projects to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Paris Climate Treaty, and the Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction.

1. CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
INTO LAND USE PLANNING –
DISASTER VULNERABILITY AND
RESILIENCE
NURTURING LOCAL LEADERSHIP TOWARDS
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
7-14 AUGUST 2016
by
DR. DZUL KHAIMI BIN KHAILANI
Senior Assistant Principal Director
Research & Development Division
Federal Department
Town & Country Planning Peninsular Malaysia
MINISTRY OF URBAN WELL BEING, HOUSING AND LOCAL GOVERMENT

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
 INTRODUCTION
 LAND USE PLANNING UNDER POST-HFA AND
SENDAI FRAMEWORK ON DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION (SFDRR)
 LAND USE PLANNING SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA
 DISASTER ADAPTATION, VULNERABILITY AND
RESILIENCE
 INCORPORATION OF DRR & CCA INTO LAND USE
PLANNING SYSTEM

3. (GHG)
Industrial
Drought
Famine
Flood
Human Activities
Climate
Features
Major
Threats
Deforestation
CH4
N2O Sea
Level Rise
Adaptation from UNEP/GRID-Arendal, Climate Change: Processes and Threats, 2005.
DISASTER
Melting
of Ice
Cloud
Global
Warming
Upheavel
Of Ocean
Circulation
Precipitation
Interference
Carbon
Cycle
Landuse
Change
Urbanisation
Burning of
Fossil Fuel
Transport
Agriculture
Heat
Destruction
of Biodiversity
Change in
Life
Style
Threat to
Economy
Typhoon
Outbreak
of Desease
Loss of
Lives
CO2
CLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE vsvs LAND USE PLANNINGLAND USE PLANNING vsvs
DISASTER MANAGEMENTDISASTER MANAGEMENT

4. CLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE vsvs LAND USE PLANNINGLAND USE PLANNING vsvs
DISASTER MANAGEMENTDISASTER MANAGEMENT
 managing flood risk while promoting
regeneration.
 increased flooding and landslip have
implications for what particular land can be
used for in the future.
 areas which are vulnerable to floods, may
become unsuitable for residential but may
suitable for other uses.
 coastal floods and erosion - impact on the
locations for future business, industrial
developments, increase demand for flood
defences location of new key infrastructure.
 the impacts on land and soils -
implications for biodiversity, cultural heritage
sites.

5.  Post Hyogo Framework for Action
(HFA) - 2015
 Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk
Reduction 2030 (SFDRR)
 Development Agenda - Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs)
 COP 21 - 45% reduction
MALAYSIA COMMITMENTS ATMALAYSIA COMMITMENTS AT
GLOBAL LEVELGLOBAL LEVEL

6. • 2005 to 2015 [700,000 people lost their lives, 1.4 million
injured, 23 million homeless, 1.5 billion affected. Economic
loss: 1.3 trillion USD]
• Acknowledgement to HFA and its achievements
• More small scale disasters and slow onset disasters
• People centred preventive approach
• Focus on urban planning and urban development in
achieving resilience
• Need to link to SDGs, climate change framework
• SFDRR - Role of Science and Technology in EWS,
preparedness, response, recovery, rehabilitation and
reconstruction
CONTEXT : POST HFACONTEXT : POST HFA

7. 1.Reduce global disaster mortality
2.Reduce number of affected people
3.Reduce direct disaster economic loss
4.Reduce disaster damage to critical
infrastructures
5.Increase number of countries with DRR
strategies
6.Enhance international cooperation
7.Increase access to multi hazard EWS, risk
information and assessment
SFDRR: SEVEN GLOBALSFDRR: SEVEN GLOBAL
TARGETSTARGETS

8. 1. Understanding disaster risk
2. Strengthening disaster risk governance
3. Investing in risk reduction
4. Enhancing disaster preparedness for
collective response, and to “build back
better” in recovery, rehabilitation and
reconstruction
SFDRR: FOUR PRIORITY FORSFDRR: FOUR PRIORITY FOR
ACTIONSACTIONS

9. LAND USE PLANNING SYSTEM
IN MALAYSIA

10. LAND USE PLANNING SYSTEM IN MALAYSIALAND USE PLANNING SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA
NATIONAL PHYSICAL PLANNING
COUNCIL (NPPC)
REGIONAL PLANNING COMMITTEE
(RPC)
STATE PLANNING COMMITTEE
(SPC)
ONE-STOP CENTER (OSC) MEETING
National
Level
State
Level
Local
Level
Chaired by
Prime
Minister
Chaired by
Chief
Minister
Chaired by
Chief
Council
Regional
Level
Chairman
pointed by
Prime
Minister

11. DEVELOPMENT PLAN SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA
NATIONAL PHYSICAL PLAN (NPP)NATIONAL PHYSICAL PLAN (NPP)
STATE STRUCTURE PLANSTATE STRUCTURE PLAN
LOCAL PLANLOCAL PLAN
SPECIAL AREA PLANSPECIAL AREA PLAN
NationalNational
LevelLevel
StateState
LevelLevel
LocalLocal
LevelLevel

12. 12
VISION 2020
LEVEL 1 : NATIONAL PLANNING
NATIONAL
PHYSICAL
PLAN
LEVEL 2 : REGIONAL / STATE PLANNING
LEVEL 3 : LOCAL PLANNING
5 - YEAR
MALAYSIA
PLAN
SPECIAL AREA
PLAN
SECTORAL
POLICIES/
PLANS
LOCAL
PLAN
REGIONAL /
STRUCTURE PLAN
STATE/ REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
PLAN
SECTORAL
POLICIES/
PLANS
Town & Country Planning Act 1976 (Act 172)
•Sec. 6B – Preparation of NPP
•Sec. 6B(4) – Review of NPP every 5 years
Plan Area
•NPP confined to Peninsular Malaysia
Plan Period
•10 year timescale up to 2020
Functions of NPP

13. 13
NATIONAL PHYSICAL PLANNATIONAL PHYSICAL PLAN
The Establishment Of An Efficient, Equitable
And Sustainable National Spatial Framework To
Guide The Overall Development Of The Country
Towards Achieving Developed And High-
income Nation Status By 2020.
 Safeguard and managed sustainably all surface and
ground water resources.
 Apply sustainable forest management.
 Water resources management based on IWRM, IRBM
and ICZM.
 CFS as the backbone of the ESA network;
 ESA will be integrated in the planning and management
of land use and natural resources.
 Future settlements and infrastructure in coastal zones
will be located away vulnerable to rising sea levels/storm
surges
 Natural barriers, esp. mangroves, forests and peat lands
shall be protected and expanded and further conversion
of will no longer be allowed.

14. NATIONAL URBANISATION POLICY ( NUP )
 A written policy which outlined the thrusts, strategies
and steps to guide, manage and monitor more efficient
and systematic town planning and developments,
 The aim of NUP is to create visionable cities with
liveable environment through sustainable urban
development.
Approved by:
•Cabinet Meeting on
2 August 2006
•NPPC on 8 August 2006

15. STATE STRUCTURE PLANSTATE STRUCTURE PLAN
• Functions
• Translate policies of the National Physical Plan;
• Provide framework for Local Plan;
• Identify main land uses at the state level; and
• Identify main state projects

16. LOCAL PLANLOCAL PLAN
• Functions
 Translate the policies of
State Structure Plan
 As a physical development
guide for the respective
district through the
proposed land use plan
 Identify main projects of
the district
 Preparation of
Implementation Guidelines
to guide implementation
 Aided with Subject Plans
for sectoral development
implementation

17. SPECIAL AREA PLANSPECIAL AREA PLAN
 A detailed development plan
prepared within a short period
of time for implementation and
management
 The main output : Development
Action Plan in the form of layout
plan and complemented by
management plan, development
phasing, cost, implementing
agency and implementation
approach
 5 main categories :
 Redevelopment of areas within
urban centres
 Heritage Conservation Areas
 Environmental Sensitive Areas
 Resettlement of Communities
 Special Area For Specific Needs

18. DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL REPORTDEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL REPORT
 DPR to be submitted for any proposed development -
for planning permission to LPA (under Sec. 21A (1) Act
172)
 Content :
 Development concept & justifications
 Site plan, land ownership, Land use analysis
 Physical condition – topography, geology, drainage
 Traffic & transportation, Economy & infrastructure
 Public & Social amenities
 Preservation & conservation of trees & buildings
 Impact Assessment – SIA, TIA, EIA
 This enables the planning authority to make
development control decisions to protect the
environment.

19. INCORPORATING
DRR & CCA INTO
LANDUSE PLANNING
SYSTEM

20. DISASTER ADAPTATION, VULNERABILITY AND
RESILIENCE
Adaptation – “as a process of adjustment that take place in
natural and human systems in response to the actual or
expected impacts of climate change, aimed at moderating
harm or exploiting beneficial opportunities”
Vulnerability – “as a characteristics of individual or a group
of people who in a given natural, social, and economic
space are exposed to danger or harm originating from a
hazard”.
Resilience – “is the capacity of a system, community or
society potentially exposed to hazard to adapt, by resisting
or changing in order to reach and maintain an acceptable
level of functioning or structure”.

21. DRR & CCA in Malaysia
 1997 – Directive No. 20 on "Policy & Mechanism on National Disaster
& Relief Management“  guidance for management according to
the level and complexity of a disaster.
 2005 – Hyogo Framework for Action, UNISDR 2005  National
Security Council – National Focal Point
 2008 – Third Asian Ministerial Conference on DRR in Kuala Lumpur, 2-
4 Dec 2008, MKN/UNISDR  called for the promotion of CCA
wherever appropriate.
 2009 – National Policy on Climate Change approved by the Cabinet of
Malaysia
 2010 – Inaugural Meeting of the Green Technology and Climate
Change Council, chaired by Prime Minister of Malaysia
 2011 – Hari Kesedaran Bencana 2011, 18-19 Feb 2011  Melaka
Declaration on Disaster Risk Reduction in Malaysia 2011
 2012-14 – Malaysia Platform and Action Plan on DRR (MyDRR) 
consultation
 2015 – Sendai Framework for DRR  National Disaster Management
Agency (NaDMA) – National Focal Point

22. CCA & DRR IN THE MELAKA DECLARATION
 Recognising the changing nature of disaster
risk in the country due to climate variability
and climate change
 To promote the use of technology in
support of early warning, multi-hazards risk
assessment, and climate modelling and
downscaling.
 To strengthen local capacity to integrate
climate and disaster risk into local
development planning

24. RECOMMENDED APPROACH FOR
MALAYSIA: LOCAL LEVEL SPATIALLY
CONTEXTUALISED AND COLLABORATIVE
Monitoring
and Review
Defined area
(Coastal, river
basin, cities,
towns, etc.)
Climate
variability
and
change
Identification of
susceptible,
exposed and
vulnerable zones
Federal Agencies
State Agencies
Local Authorities
Stakeholders
Monitoring
and Review
Location Specific
Disaster Resilience
Plans

25. • Urban Environmental Plan (hazard map,
vulnerability map, environmental sensitive areas
map): a tool to address environmental issues in a
systematic manner within an urban domain to
achieve desirable environmental condition.
• Land Use Plan (National Physical Plan, State
Structure Plan, Local Plan, Special Area Plan): a
tool to address appropriate allocation and
designation of the use of land to achieve efficient
use of limited land.
• Both UEP and LUP are tools for proactive actions
COMMON PLANNING TOOLS CAN BE USEDCOMMON PLANNING TOOLS CAN BE USED
FOR DISASTER ADAPTATION, VULNERABILITYFOR DISASTER ADAPTATION, VULNERABILITY
AND RESILIENCEAND RESILIENCE

26. Natural
Hazards
Primary
Phenomena/Effects
Secondary
Phenomena/Effects
Flood Flooding Water Pollution, landslide,
erosion
Tsunami Huge wave and flooding Water Pollution, landslide,
erosion
Earthquake Violent ground motion,
fault, rupture
Soil liquefaction, fire, flood,
landslide, tsunami, water
pollution
Volcano Lava flow, pyroclastic
flow, ash fall, gases
Fire, air pollution, tsunami,
lava flows, water pollution,
ground subsidence
Cyclone Strong winds, heavy
rains
Flood and sea surge, land
slide, water pollution
Landslide Ground failure Flooding via river damming,
water pollution, debris flow
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EFFECTS OFPRIMARY AND SECONDARY EFFECTS OF
NATURAL DISASTERSNATURAL DISASTERS

27.  Guide the development of an urban area in order to
minimize impacts of disasters due to primary and
secondary effects of hazards, with respect to
environmental viewpoints, by integrating available
sources such as regulation, ordinance, information,
and guidelines into City zoning ordinances, Building
codes, Environmental Assessment Documents and
development standard and specifications.
 UEP does not prevent disasters rather it helps to
reduce impacts and minimizes losses through
adjustment to disaster risks.
URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN FOR DISASTERURBAN ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN FOR DISASTER
ADAPTATION, VULNERABILITY ANDADAPTATION, VULNERABILITY AND
RESILIENCERESILIENCE

28.  Guide the use of limited land in compliance with
disaster risks through planning control
 Similar with UEP, LUP does not prevent disasters
rather than human efforts to adjust with disaster
hazards and risks.
LAND USE PLAN FOR DISASTER ADAPTATION,LAND USE PLAN FOR DISASTER ADAPTATION,
VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCEVULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE

29.  Identify potential hazards; by employing
hydrological maps, seismic maps, local rainfall and
flood level records
 Identify elements at risk; combining the
magnitude, frequency, significance and
acceptability of hazards
 Identify vulnerabilities; exploring to what extent
the area is vulnerable to disasters
 Identify potential mitigation measures; select the
most appropriate measures.
IDENTIFICATION OF ADAPTATIONIDENTIFICATION OF ADAPTATION
MEASURESMEASURES

30. Type of
Hazards
Principal
Vulnerable
Elements
Role of UEP
(over the land)
Role of LUP
(mostly land)
Floods Everything
located in flood
plains or tsunami
areas. Crops,
livestock,
machinery,
equipment,
infrastructure,
weak building
 Develop flood
risk maps
 Guide
development
toward flood-
proof
communities
 Prevent the use of
flood vulnerable area
for permanent activities
 Enforce appropriate
flood plain
management
Earth-
quake
Weak buildings
and
infrastructures
 Develop hazard
maps
 Enforce building
codes
 Reinforce weak
buildings
 Limit the use of land
for earthquake-
resistant building only
Strong
Winds
Lightweight
buildings and
roofs
 Reinforce weak
buildings and
roofs
 NA
EXAMPLES OF ROLES OF UEP AND LUP INEXAMPLES OF ROLES OF UEP AND LUP IN
DISASTER ADAPTATION STRATEGIESDISASTER ADAPTATION STRATEGIES

31.  Advocacy planning; all stakeholders are
encouraged to comply with the plan
 Guidance and control of urban
development; urban development is
devised by hazards map and vulnerability
map and zoning
 Relocation of settlements; relocation is
strongly demanded for highly disaster
vulnerable area
 New types of town; introduces ‘disaster-
resilience’ city.
DEVELOPMENT GUIDANCE AND CONTROLDEVELOPMENT GUIDANCE AND CONTROL
STRATEGIES FOR ADAPTATIONSTRATEGIES FOR ADAPTATION

32. PROPOSED HAZARD RISK STUDY INPROPOSED HAZARD RISK STUDY IN
DEVELOPMENT PLANSDEVELOPMENT PLANS
National
Physical
Plan
State Structure Plan
Local Plan
Special Area Plan
Planning Permission
(Devt Proposal Report)
General Hazard Risk
Plan
List the locations &
Incidences of Hazard Areas
Strategic Hazard Risk
Plan
Hazard Risk
Assessment
Identify Main River
Basins that need Flood
Mitigation Study
Hazard Risk Areas
Zoning Map
Hazard Risk Areas
Zoning Map by Rank
Present Planning Proses/Practice
Proposal to incorporate related hazard risk aspects

33. Flood-proof
buildings are
allowed to
be built here
No buildings
are allowed in
this area
Flood-proof
buildings for
non-
permanent
activities are
allowed here

35. THE LAND USE PLANNING ASSESSMENTTHE LAND USE PLANNING ASSESSMENT
FOR RISK AREAS (LUPAr) PROGRAMFOR RISK AREAS (LUPAr) PROGRAM
Aimed to translate the thrust of Hyogo
Declaration 2005 & SDG into land use planning
mechanism through R&D activities & formulation
of policies & general land use planning guidelines.
provide research inputs in the formulation of land
use planning policies & guidelines for hazard risk
areas.
main components include:
• capacity building
• Research and pilot studies
• Awareness Program and Community Involvement
• Expert Committee (LUPAr)

36. • The public’s input is important in ensuring
plans prepared truly address local issues and
meet the needs of the local people
• Allows for public involvement at an
early stage
• Focus Group Discussion (FGD)
• Community Based Disaster Risk
Management
COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS
Public ParticipationFGD
PUBLICITY

37. WHAT IS A RESILIENT CITY

38. CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESILIENT CITY

39. CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESILIENT CITY

40. MEASUREMENT METHODS FOR DISASTER RESIKLIENCE

41. MEASUREMENT METHODS FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

42. MALAYSIA INITIATIVES IN MAKING CITIES RESILIENT

43. FDTCP, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA INITIATIVES IN MAKING
CITIES RESILIENT

44. PLANNING GUIDELINES, MANUALS & STUDIESPLANNING GUIDELINES, MANUALS & STUDIES
.
 Study on Sustainable
Development Indicators (SDI)
 Planning Guidelines on
Development of Roof Top
Gardens
 Planning Guidelines on Public
Facilities
 Manual on Sustainability
Assessment
 A Guide for Conducting Focus
Group Discussions, Charettes and
Village Appraisals
 Manual on Social Impact
Assessment

48.  The FDTCP will continue to play a vital role in
incorporating and mainstreaming DRR and CCA.
 Cooperation and inter-agencies free flow of data and
information is needed.
 Continuous effort is necessary to assess changes
and ensure that adaptations will be done
commensurate with new issues and risks that may
arise over time.
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

49. TERIMA KASIH!
www.townplan.gov.my