Basti Kalpana notes as per the Syllabus point of View for BAMS, UG students of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana

1. BASTI KALPANA
By -
Dr. Hariaumshree , MD (Ayu)
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana
SJSACH, Chennai

2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• Definition & Nirukti
• Classification of basthi
• Uses of Basti
• Basthi yantra
• Niruha vasti
• Anuvasana vasti
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3. INTRODUCTION
• Basti chikitsa (medicated enema treatment) is
considered to be the prime treatment modality
among the panchakarma (five-fold purificatory
therapies) in ayurveda.
• It is also considered as ardhachikitsa (half of
entire treatments).
• It is specially indicated in vataja related
disorders.
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4. Nirukti
• वसु निवासे बस ्आच्छादिे बस ्वासिे सुरभि कारणे
• The word Vasti can be used in different contexts so as to mean
• Nivaasa – abode, home or place of stay, that which accommodates (here vasti
accommodates urine, holds medicines during the treatment procedures)
• Aachhadana – to cover, envelope or surround, Vasti is a structure which covers or
envelopes or surrounds urine (when used as an equipment in the treatment procedures it
surrounds the medicated liquids like herbal decoctions, herbal oils, ghee, milk etc)
• Surabhi – to impart fragrance
• In the treatment, the term Vasti giving the meaning of nivasa and aachhaadana is
adaptable
• Vasu nivase- to reside
• Vas- aachaadane- to wrap/cover.
• Bastehe avrunothi mootram-that which covers the mootra
• Vasti nabhir adho bhage sthaane
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5. Definition
• वस्तिना दीयिे इस्ि वस्तििः। (अ.हृ.सू.१९/१, अरुणदत्त)
• बस्तिस् िः दीयिे यतमाि् ितमाि् वस्तििः इस्ि तमृििः। (शा.उ.ख.५/१)
• That (medicine) which is administered using Vasti
(urinary bladder) or Bastis (urinary bladders) is called
Vasti or Basti. This means to tell that the procedure in
which the liquid medicines are administered through
anal route using Vasti or urinary bladder as an
equipment is called Vasti.
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6. Classification of basthi
I. Based on the site of administration (Adhishtana Bheda) –
• Pakwashaya Gata – is administered into the Large Intestine, through anal
route
• Garbhashaya Gata – through vaginal route.
• Mutrashaya Gata – Through urethral route, for both men and women.
• Vrana Gata – Directly to the wounds, ulcers, sinuses
II. Classification based on the type of liquid medicine used (Dravya
Bheda) –
• Niruha Basti
• Anuvasana Basti
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7. III. Sankhya bhedam(ch.si.1)
• Karma basthi(30)
Total 18 anuvasana -Starting with 2 anuvasana ending with 5
anuvasana + 12 niruha.
• Kalabasthi(15)
Total 9 anuvasana- starting with 1 anuvasana ending with 3 anuvasana+
6 niruha.
• Yogabasthi(8)
Total 5 anuvasana-starting with 1 anuvasana and ending with 2
anuvasana+3 niruha.
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8. IV.Karmukata bhedam(Function)
• Acc to Sushruta ,
– Shodhana
– Lekhana
– Snehana
– Bruhmana
• Acc to Vaghbhatta,
– Uthkleshanam,
– Doshahara
– Shamana
• Acc to Sharangadhara,
– Utkleshana
– shodhanam,
– Dosahara
– Lekhanam
– bruhmanam,
– Pichila basthi
– Deepana basti
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9. USES OF BASTI -
• The vasti medicine prepared by combining many effective medicinal herbs
helps in:
– Dosha shodhana – expelling the morbid doshas from the body
– Samshamana – pacifying the aggravated doshas
– Sangrahi – accumulation of malas or excreta
– Vajikarana – acts like an aphrodisiac for those suffering from ksheena shukrata
condition (depletion of semen)
– Brimhana – promotes bulk and makes the thin person stout
– Langhana – emaciates the people who are obese or over-weight
– Chakshu preenana – nourishes the eyes
– Vali palita apaha – eradicates ageing and premature greying
– Vaya sthapana – establishes age (anti-ageing) and promotes longevity,
establishes youthfulness
– Shareera upachaya – proper nourishment and development of the body
– Varnya – enhances colour and complexion
– Balam – enhances strength and immunity
– Arogyam – promotes health
– Ayushya – promotes quality and quantity of life, enhances life span
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10. VASTI YANTRAM
• It has 2 parts
a) Vasti Netra – Nozzle of Vasti Apparatus
b) Vasti Putaka – Container of Vasti apparatus
• Vasti Netra
• Netra basically means the eye. But in this context, netra means Nalika or tube or
nozzle of the instrument.
नेत्रं नस्िका।(चक्रपास्ण)
नेत्रं यन्त्त्रं।(डल्हण)
The tube like structure or nozzle attached (fixed) to the Vasti Putaka (container of
the instrument) is called Vasti Netra.
• Materials used for making Vasti Netra are – Bones (tubular bones), weapons, tree or
wood, bamboo, teeth, tusk, tube, horn, pearl, latex (resin) etc.
Now days, it is made up of iron, stainless steel, copper or brass etc.
• The shape of the nozzle should resemble Gopuchcha or tail of a cow, broad at
the base and tapering towards the end or tip, have a thickness of thumb at the
base and thickness of small finger at the end.
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12. • Netra Dosha (errors of the nozzle) –
If the built of the nozzle is not proper (as per the norms and dimensions
mentioned in the classics) it can cause some complications to the patient. The
errors in the built of netra or nozzle are called netra doshas. The netra should
be devoid of the below said doshas (errors) –
• Hruswata – (too short netra)
• Deerghata (too long netra)
• Tanuta (thin nozzle)
• Sthulata (too thick netra)
• Jeernata (old, damaged and fragile netra)
• Shitila bandhana (loosely bound)
• Paarshwa chidra (lateral opening or opening towards the side of the netra)
• Vakrata (crookedness of the netra)
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13. Vasti Putaka
• Vasti Putaka (Enema container) –
Basti putaka means the container of the enema
apparatus. It accommodates the Vasti medicines
(liquids). In ancient days it was made up of the urinary
bladder (vasti) of animals and hence the name vasti
(vasti=urinary bladder or bladder or something which
holds). They were made using the urinary bladders of
cow, ox, deer, pig, goat, etc animals.
• In a later period, rubber bags, plastic bags, bladder of
volley ball or football were used as Basti Putaka.
• Now we have cans made up of metal or plastic.
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14. • Vasti Putaka Dosha (errors of enema can or container) –
Just like the vasti netra, the Vasti putaka too should be
devoid of certain errors of manufacture or assembling. The
Basti Putaka should be devoid of the below said errors –
• Vishama (uneven shape of the container
• Mamsala (fleshy container or putaka)
• China(torn)
• Chidrayukta (perforated putaka)
• Jala yukta (putaka with networks)
• Vatala (putaka with lot of air in it)
• Snigdha (oily putaka)
• Klinnata (wet putaka)
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15. Niruha/ Asthapana
• Literal meaning- that which cannot be assessed.
• Definition
Tad vayasthapana doshasthapanadwaa
asthapanamithyuchyade||
shareeraarohanadosha nirharanaath achinthya
prabhavataya yasminnuuha asambhava nirooha ithi||
( As.sa.su.28)
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16. • Guna(cha.si.1),(Su.chi.35)
• Vayasthapana (srotho shudhi karatwath)
• Sukha, ayu, bala, agni, medha, swara, varna,
• Vit sleshma pithanila mootrakarshi
• Dardyavahaha, shukra bala pradashcha, sarvan
vikaran shamayeth.
• Ksheenashukram vajeekarothi
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17. • Krusham bruhmayathi
• Sthoolam karshayathi
• Chakshu preenayathi
• Valeepalithamapahanti
• Shareeropachayam,varnam,
balamarogyamayushaha.
• Basthir vaathe cha pithe cha kaphe cha rakthe
cha shasyathe
• Samsarge sannipathe cha basthireva hitha
sada|| su.chi.35||
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18. INDICATION AND CONTRAINDICATION FOR
NIRUHA BASTI
INDICATED PERSONS – (Charak – Siddhi sthana – 1 st chapter)
• Sarvanga roga , Ekanga roga , Kukshi roga ,Vatha sanga
• Varcho sanga, Mootrasanga, Shukra sanga , Balakshaya
• Varna kshaya, Mamsa kshaya, Rethakshaya , Aadmana
• Angasupthi, Krimikoshta, Shirashoola , Karnashoola
• Hrudayagraha, Parshwagraha, Prushtagraha , Katigraha
• Gourava , Athi laghava, Raja kshaya, Vishamagni
• Janu- shoola,sthambha,shosha
• Jangha -shoola,sthambha,shosha
• Uru-shoola,sthambha,shosha
• Gulpha-shoola,sthambha,shosha
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19. CONTRAINDICATED PERSON – (Charak – Siddhi sthana
– 1 st chapter)
• Ajirna, Atisnigda, Peethasneha
• Uthklishta dosha, Alpaagni, Yaanaklantha
• Athidurbala , Kshudaartha
• Trushnaartha , Shramaartha
• Athikrusha , Bhuktabhaktha, Peethodaka
• Vamitha, Krudha, Bheetha
• Matha, Moorchitha, Prasaktha chardi
• Prasaktha nishteeva, Prasaktha shwasa
• Prasaktha hikka , Badhodara
• Chidrodara , Udakodara
• Admana , Alasaka, Visoochika
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20. Niruha basthi karma vidhi
• Poorvakarma
• Pradhanakarma
• Paschathkarma
• • Purvakarma
• Sambhaara sangraha – equipments required and
medicine collection
• Atura pareeksha – patient examination
• Basthi kalpana – preparation of basti
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21. MATRA OF NIRUHA BASTI – Dwadasha
prasrutha basthi(1200ml)
• • Madhu-2 prasrutha-4pala-192ml
• • Saindhava-1 aksha-1karsha-12gm
• • Sneha-3 prasruthi-6 pala- 288ml
• • Kalka -1 prasruthi-2pala-96gm
• • Kwatha -4 prasruthi-8 pala- 384ml
• • Avapa dravyas-2 prasruthi- 4 pala-192ml.
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22. Atura sidhataa-
• If the patient is having more rookshatha initially 2-3
anuvasana basthi can be given and if patient is not fit for
anuvasana, having more snigdatha, mala sanchaya then
niruha basthi should be directly administered after
subjecting the patient to Abhyanga and swedana.
Preparation of basthi –
• • In a paatra first madhu is taken, to that saindhava is added
and manthana done.
• • After sumathitha, sneha is added gradually.
• • Then kalka is added and triturating should be done until
dravya becomes slakshna.
• • Na drava, na tanu, sama
• • At last Kashaya followed by Avapa is added.
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23. Proper Lakshana of Niruha Basti Preparation
(Suyojitha basthi lakshana) -
• • A well prepared basthi should not run out of
hand quickly.
• • Neither too thin, should not stick/coat/remain
steady on the hand in such a way that we cannot
see lines in our palm through the solution.
• • Should be uniform solution(samatha) of its
contents
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24. Pradhana karma -
• • Instructions to the patient
• • Basthi pranidhana
• • Basthi pratyagamana
• • Observation of yoga, ayoga, athiyoga
lakshana.
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25. Administration of Basti (Basthi pranidhana) –
• • The patient having the symptoms of proper digestion and not having very
much hunger , after performing Abhyanga and swedana taken for basthi
karma.
• • Lie down in left lateral position, keep his/her hand below the head as
pillow, extend the left leg completely and flex the right leg at the knee joint,
keeping on the left leg by flexing the hip joint.
• • Then sukhoshna sneha applied in the anal region and on the basthinetra,
remove the cotton piece and slightly squeeze the putaka to remove air and
keep the thumb on the netra while introducing it.
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26. • • Introduce basthi netra slowly in the direction of vertebral column
upto 1/4th part of the netra.
• • Then hold the basthi putaka in the left hand. Gradually administer
with the uniform pressure neither too fast not too slow without
shaking the hands. Instruct the patient to count numbers from 1 to
50 .
• • Press the putaka till little quantity of basthi dravya remains in the
putaka otherwise vayu enters into pakwashaya and then withdraw
netra gradually.
• • Basthi pidana kaala is 30 matras.
• • Advice the patient to lie down in supine position with apillow
below the hips till he gets the urge of defication.
• • After giving basthi anticlockwise massage should be done on the
abdomen.
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27. • • Basthi prathyagamana
• 1 muhurtha(48 minutes) maximum time period in which
prathyagamana of basthi should happen.
• If not it causes- vata prathiloma, vistabda, shoola, arathi,
jwara, mruthyu(su.ci.38),
• Vagbatta added- adhmana, pakwashaya shoola,
hridayagraha, mootra shoola.
• Measures to be undertaken- phala varthi, teekshna basthi,
swedana, vitrasana, administration of teekshna virechana.
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28. OBSERVATION –
YOGA(Proper), AYOGA(Improper), ATIYOGA(Excessive)
Characteristics OF NIRUHA BASTI
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29. Paschath karma -
• • Rogi parichara
• • Parihaara
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30. Rogi parichara(ch.si.3/68),(A.hru.su.19)
• • After observing the samyak lakshana patient
adviced to take hot water bath and light diet in
accordance with the dosha dominance.
• • In vataha –mamsa rasa
• • Pitha- ksheeranna
• • Kapha- yusha
• • Quantity of diet should be 1/3rd of routine diet
according to agni.
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31. Parihaara-
• • Athyasana
• • Asthana asana
• • Ativachana
• • Divaswapna
• • Yaana
• • Maithuna
• • Atapasevana
• • Shoka
• • Krodha
• • Ahitabhojana
• • Sheetopachara .
• • If vata prakopa is more, anuvasana basthi should be
given at the same day evening.
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32. ANUVASANA BASTI
• • Vasanam- bhojanam (A.sa.su.28)
• • Anu vasanam- after bhojanam.
• Anuvasannapi na dooshyath anudivasam
• va deeyathe ithi anuvasanam||su.chi.35/18||
• The basthi which remains inside the body
without causing any harm.
• Basthi which administered everyday.
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33. Gunas and Karma
• • Samsnehanam, varnabalapradam
• • Na tailadanath paramasthi kinchith dravyam visheshena
sameeranaarthe||cha.si.1st||
• • Karma(su.ci.37)
• • act on basthi vangshne( adhakaaya)
• • act on moordhasthanilam(urdwakaaya)
• • gives bala varna
• • nourishes rasa
• • nourishes rakta
• • nourishes mamsa
• • nourishes meda, asthi, majja
• • nourishes shukradhatu
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34. INDICATION and CONTRAINDICATION of
ANUVASANA BASTI
INDICATED PERSONS –
• Similar to Niruha basti
• Athi rooksha, Deepthagni, athiagni, Kevala anilaartha
CONTRAINDICATED PERSON –
• Similar to Niruha basti
• Niranna, Navajwara, Gurukoshta, Panduroga, Galaganda, Kamala
• Apachi, Prameha, Kriminakoshtina
• Prathishyaya, Arochaka, Pleeha, Urusthambha
• Kaphodara , Arsha, Aadyavatha, Pitha kapha abhishyanda
• Varchobheda, Peetha visha, gara visha
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35. Purvakarma -
• • Sambhaara sangraha
• • Rogi pareeksha
• • Preparation of sneha vasthi- sneha, saindhava
• • Atura sidhataa- Abhyanga & swedana, laghu bhojana, chankramanadi
karma, visrujya shakruth mootra.
Pradhana karma – Administration of Basti (Similar to Niruha vasti)
Paschat karma –
• Basthi pratygamana kala-3 yaama (9 hours)
• If basthi is not comes back even after 3 yaama then wait for 24 hours- if no
complication seen, then give dhanyanagara siddha jala for paana helps in
pachana and prayagamana of basthi.
• If complications arise then give teekshna basthi or guda varthi should be
administered.
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36. OBSERVATION –
SAMYAK YOGA(Proper), AYOGA(Improper),
ATIYOGA(Excessive) Characteristics of ANUVASANA BASTI
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