In this project, I focus on a system named “human detection robot” which will work in disaster environments of manmade structures like collapsed buildings, war fields, etc.
It can be assisted by firemen, police, and disaster agencies with appropriate reconnaissance, site evaluation, human detection. In the existing technology, a Bluetooth module interfaced with Arduino is used.
The main aim of this project is to propose the multipurpose Robot which can be controlled
through PC or android using Bluetooth communication and navigates around the disaster areas and tries to find the humans who need help.
In the proposed technology a human body detection Embedded system using a reliable specific set of sensors like PIR, and DHT11 sensor to know the presence of human and robot and user application to acquire humidity-related information and to alert the rescue team. This proposed system is less cost-effective than the existing technology.
3. INTRODUCTION
In this modern era , technological development
lead the creation of sky scraper buildings and
dwellings which increase risks of losing life due
to natural and manmade disasters.
Many people died by trapping under debris as
their presence cannot detect by the rescue team.
PIR sensor based semi-autonomous mobile
rescue robot is developed which can detect live
human being from an unreachable point of
disaster area.
This project uses Bluetooth module and sends
information to a website/Android device, as
soon as soon a human is detected.
4. OBJECTIVE
The objective is to develop PIR sensor based
semi autonomous robot with a Bluetooth
module and interface it with user application
for detection of live human beings from
unreachable parts of disaster area.
7. ARDUINO
UNO
Arduino uno is an open source micro
controller based board.
It is designed on the micro chip
ATMEGA328P micro controller.
It has 28 pins in which 14 are digital I/O
pins,6 are analog pins.
Arduino uno is a microcontroller board
based on 8-bit ATmega328
microcontroller.
Along with ATmega328p,it consists other
components such as crystal oscillator,
serial communication, voltage regulator,
etc., to support the microcontroller.
8. FEATURES
OF
ARDUINO
UNO
The operating voltage is 5V
The recommended input voltage will range from 7v to 12V
The input voltage ranges from 6v to 20V
Digital input/output pins are 14
Analog I/p pins are 6
DC Current for each input/output pin is 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin is 50 mA
Flash Memory is 32 KB
SRAM is 2 KB
EEPROM is 1 KB
CLK Speed is 16 MHz
9. PIR SENSOR
PIR sensor are also called as PID(passive
infrared detector).
PIR are fundamentally made of a pyro
electric sensor, which can detect levels of
infrared radiation.
PIR sensor works entirely by detecting
infrared radiation effected by reflected
from objects.
PIR sensor has 3 pins:
1. VCC
2. Ground
3. Digital output pin
10. FEATURES OF PIR SENSOR
Operating voltage : 5V – 20V
Power consumption : 65mA
TTL Output : 3.3V, 0V
Delay Time : Adjustable(0.3>5min)
Lock Time : 0.2sec
Operating Temperature : -15 ~ +70
Trigger methods : L – Disable repeat trigger, H – Enable
repeat trigger
Sensing Range : Less than 120 degrees, within 7 metres
11. DTH11 SENSOR
DTH11 is a basic ultra
cost digital temperature
and humidity sensor.
DTH11 is a composite
sensor that contains a
calibrated digital signal
output of temperature
and humidity.
It has a high reliability
and excellent long term
stability.
Output digital signal
indicates humidity
values of surrounding
environment. .
12. FEATURES OF DHT11 SENSOR
Operating Voltage: 3.5V
to 5.5V.
Operating current:
0.3mA (measuring) 60uA
(standby)
Output: Serial data.
Temperature Range: 0°C
to 50°C.
Humidity Range: 20% to
90%
Resolution: Temperature
and Humidity both are
16-bit.
Accuracy: ±1°C and ±1%
13. BLUETOOTH MODULE
• HC-05 is a Bluetooth module which can
communicate in two way. Which means, It is
full-duplex. We can use it with most micro
controllers. Because it operates Serial Port
Protocol (SSP).
• The module communicate with the help of
USART (Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter ) at the baud rate of
9600. and it also support other baud rate. So
we can interface this module with any
microcontroller which supports USART.
• The HC-05 can operate in two modes. One is
Data mode and other is AT command mode.
• When the enable pin is "LOW" the HC-05 is in
Data Mode. If that pin set as "HIGH" the
module is in AT command mode. Here we
operate this module in Data Mode.
FEATURES:
•Operating Voltage: 4V to 6V (Typically +5V)
•Operating Current: 30mA
•Range: <100m
•Works with Serial communication (USART) and
TTL compatible
•Can be easily interfaced with Laptop or Mobile
phones with Bluetooth
15. MOTOR DRIVE
L293D is a typical Motor driver or
Motor Driver IC which allows DC
motor to drive on either direction.
L293D is a 16-pin IC which can
control a set of two DC motors
simultaneously in any direction.
FEATURES:
•The operating voltage of this LCD is
4.7V-5.3V
•It includes two rows where each
row can produce 16-characters.
•The utilization of current is 1mA
with no backlight
•Every character can be built with a
5×8 pixel box
•The alphanumeric LCDs alphabets
& numbers
•Is display can work on two modes
like 4-bit & 8-bit
16. START
CHECK BLUETOOTH RECEIVER FOR DATA ON
NAVIGATION
RECEIVE
SIGNAL?
ACTIVATE
MOTOR
DRIVE
CHECK PIR SENSOR FOR DATA
PIR O/P IS
HIGH
HUMAN
DETECTED?
SEND DHT11 SENSOR AND HUMAN DETECTED INFORMATION TO BLUETOOTH
MODULE
UPDATE IN USER
APPLICATION
STOP
NO
NO
FLOW
CHART:
ROBOT
MOVEMENT
17. WORKING
The robot has two sides ,receiver
side and the transmitter side.
The transmitter side consists of
ATMEGA328p
microcontroller(Arduino uno).
The inputs to the microcontroller
are PIR sensor,DHT11 sensor
and Bluetooth module.
Power supply of 12V Battery is
connected to the circuit.
The output i.e., the detection of
human beings and humidity
values can be viewed in Android
through Bluetooth receiver
module.
The PIR sensor detects the
human radiations coming from
the live human body.
Once PIR sensor detects the
signal from the victim it notifies
the Arduino.
The Arduino immediately sends
the signals to the Android device
through the Bluetooth receiver
module and gives information
about the victim and the
surrounding humidity.
By this, the user will know about
the human beings stuck in the
disaster.
It monitors sensor data and
sends to cloud through
Bluetooth module.
18. ADVANTAGES
This system is an effective and a safe system to ensure that there
are no humans left behind in a rescue operation.
The system is safe even for the user because of the use of robotics
and no manual work in field.
The design of this robot is simpler to understand.
This system provides high reliability.
They work efficiently in environment where it might be dangerous
for humans.
Precise positioning and repeatability of movement since good stepper
motors have an accuracy of 3-5%of a step and this error is non-
cumulative from one step to next.
19. APPLICATIO
NS
In military applications to detect the presence
of human being.
In Rescue operations where human reach is
impossible.
This equipment can be used at mines,
earthquake prone places
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.
21. CONCLUSION
The development of robots for domestic environments is a
challenging task. One of the most basic problems is how to enable
them to detect and identify humans robustly. Live human detection
using PIR sensor has been developed by integrating features of all the
hardware components used.
Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed
carefully thus contributing to the best working of the Unit. Secondly,
using highly advanced IC’s and with the help of growing technology
the detection of human being is done for protecting them in disaster
prone area.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.
22. FUTURE SCOPE
Alive Human Being Detector finds applications mainly in disaster
management and crisis management
We can include gas sensors, internet protocol camera to rescue robot
for disaster scene viewing purpose.
Include metal detectors and bomb sensors to detect the presence
of bomb in Warfield and in rescue operations. Include proper lighting
options for night time usage.
We can create swarm robots to provide robot intercommunication and
advancement.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.
23. This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.
