Oilseed cake and organic farming

1. UNIVERSITYOF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
BENGALURU
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ,HASSAN
TOPIC: OIL CAKES & IT’S ROLE
IN ORGANIC FARMING.

2. • Indian soils being very poor in organic matter and major
plant nutrients,
• Addition of regular doses of organic manures in requisite
quantities can help restoration of soil health and also
compensate the loss of basic nutrients of every year from
soil due to uptake of plants.
• Use of organic manure is extremely essential for better
plant productivity and maintaining the fertility of soil to
ensure sustainable production.
Need for deoiled seed cakes as
Organic Manure
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3. 5
Manures
Bulky organic manures
-FYM
-Compost
-Night soil
-Green manures etc.
Concentrated organic
manures
-Edible oil cake
(Ground nut cake)
-Non edible oil cake
(Neem, Castor etc. )
-Blood meal
Classification of organic manures

4. • Deoiled cakes are the by-products of oil
seed crops or trees.
• After oil is extracted from oil seeds, the
remaining solid portion is called deoiled
cakes.
• It is widely used as animal feed or
organic manure.
• Oil cakes are the important and quick
acting organic nitrogenous manure.
Deoiled cakes
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5. A. Edible Oil Cakes
 Are those cakes which are edible in nature
 animalsSuch oil cakes are used for feeding to
Such as:
Mustard oil cakes,
Groundnut cake,
Sesame or Til cake,
Coconut cake etc.
Types of Deoiled Cakes
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6.  These oil cakes are not suitable for
feeding to animals
 Therefore, they are mainly used as
manures
 These are a good source of nutrients.
Such as : Castor cake
Neem cake
Mahua cake
Karanj cake
Sal meal cake etc.
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B. Non-edible oil cakes

7. Mahua (Madhuca indica) Jatropha (Jatropha curcas)
Karanj (Pongamia pinnata) Neem (Azadiractha indica)
Sal (Shorea robusta)
Major non-edible tree borne oilseeds (TBOs)
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8. Neem seed cake Mustard seed cake
Maringa seed cake Sal seed cake Groundnut seed cake
Deoiled seed cakes
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9. Linseed cake Castor seed cake
Mahua seed cake
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11. The non-edible oil cakes contain a harmful toxic substance,
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which make them unsuitable for feeding to cattle.
Deoiled cakes Toxin compound(s)
Mahua seed cake Mowrin
Karanj cake Karanjia, Pongamol, Glabrin
Sal seed cake Tannic acid glucosides
Castor cake Ricin
Neem seed cake Nimbia, Salamin
Jatropha cake Jatropine
Source: AICRP on agricultural by-products and industrial wastes
for livestock and poultry feeding, ICAR, New Delhi

12.  Manufacture of organic fertilizer because they are
concentrated organic manure.
 Improves the soil properties i.e. Physical, chemical and
biological
 Deoiled seed cakes are rich in NPK content than bulky
organic manures.
 They also have micro nutrients, which are very important
for plant growth.
 Quick acting organic manures as C:N ratio is usually
narrow (5-15)
 Improve the soil reaction
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13.  It increases the microbial population and
activity
phosphates and
 Biological nitrogen fixation
 Solubilization of insoluble
other nutrients
 There is improvement in soil structure, water
holding capacity, exchange capacity, seed
germination and reduction of soil erosion.
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14.  Oil prevents rapid conversion of N.
 Some oil cakes contains alkaloids which are
responsible for slow nitrification of their N due to
effects of on soil microorganisms
 Castor cake has also good vermicidal effect
against white ants
 Groundnut cake has the highest nitrification rate.
 Mahua cake is very poor in N and takes a long time to
nitrify. When used as manure it has got to be applied to
the soil two to three months before sowing/planting of
crop.
 Seed cakes of Jatropha, Karanj, Castor and Neem
have pesticide materials, which save the plants from
pests.
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15. Oil-cakes
Nutrient content (%)
N P K
Non edible oil-cakes
Castor cake 4.3 1.8 1.3
Karanj cake 3.9 0.9 1.2
Mahua cake 2.5 0.8 1.2
Safflower cake 4.9 1.4 1.2
Neem cake 5.2 1.9 1.6
Edible oil-cakes
Cotton seed cake 6.4 1.5 1.3
Groundnut cake 7.3 2.9 2.2
Linseed cake 4.9 1.4 1.3
Niger cake 4.7 1.8 1.3
Rape seed cake 5.2 1.8 1.2
Sesamum cake 6.2 2.0 1.2
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Source:Yawalkar and Agrawal (1962). Manures and Fertilizers

16. Oil-Cake Organic
Carbon
(%)
Organic
Nitrogen
(%)
C / N ratio
Neem cake 11.7 3.56 3.28
Jatropha
cake
10.65 3.85 2.76
Karanja
cake
12.6 5.5 2.29
Mahua cake 15.75 2.5 6.3
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17.  Anti Bacterial
 Anti inflammatory
 Antiviral
 Anti fungal
 Germicidal
 Anti vermicidal
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18.  Agricultural products: Used in manufacturing organic
pesticides, insecticides.
 Cosmetics: Used in various skin and body lotions, skin
creams and moisturizers. It is also used to make face
packs etc.
 Pharmaceuticals: It is used to manufacture medicated
creams curing pimples, blemishes and other skin
infections. It is also used to manufacture birth control
products.
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19. SEED POTENTIAL
(in lakh tones)
PRESENT
COLLECTION
(in lakh tones)
SAL 15.0 2.0
NEEM 5.0 1.0
MAHUA 5.0 1.0
JATROPA 4.0 0.25
KARANJ 2.0 0.30
KUSUM 3.0 0.10
OTHER OILSEEDS 44.0 8.35
TOTAL 78.0 12.0
SOURCE: The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (192908)

20. Extraction technology Capacity kg/day
Screw or hydraulic press 5-30 kg/day
Ghanis (Animal-driven
or motorized)
Up to few hundred
kg/day
Expellers 50-3000 kg/h
Solvent extraction 200-4000 tonnes/day
Source: TERI, 2005
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21. Biorefinery of deoiled seed cakes - Potential
Pathway
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22. Ghani (Motorized) deoiled extraction technology
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23. Treatments Shoot
length
(cm)
Collar
diamet
er
(cm)
Root
length
(cm)
Leaf let
Area(cm
2)/seedli
ng
Nodule
number
Root-
shoot
ratio
Cost
Rs. per
seedlin
g
Control (T1) 30.46 0.26 24.98 231.02 16.66 0.82 1.710
Mustard cake
(T2)
30.50 0.29 27.00 239.99 21.33 0.88 1.731
Karanj cake(T3) 36.50 0.43 45.70 391.05 26.66 1.25 1.736
Groundnut
cake(T4)
32.33 0.41 37.20 311.22 24.33 1.15 1.734
Mahua cake(T5) 30.25 0.31 30.25 248.90 23.33 0.98 1.737
Neem cake (T6) 31.83 0.36 32.50 284.55 25.66 1.02 1.736
Linseed cake(T7) 31.00 0.35 32.90 251.94 23.66 1.06 1.736
C.D. at 0.05 3.321 0.040 1.692 24.732 1.010 0.109
BAU, (Ranchi) Mahto (2003)
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25. From the foregoing discussion it can be concluded that the
application of deoiled cakes as organic manures enhances the
growth and biomass production of crops.
Also low C: N ratio its decomposition rate is faster than easily
available for plant nutrients and reduces population of plant-
parasitic nematodes.
Among various deoiled seed cakes mahua, neem, castor, sal,
karanj, mustard etc. proved that the good potentiality of deoiled
seed cakes as an effective and much cheaper source of plant
nutrients.
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26. REFERNCES...
•Organic fertilizers-Rajiv Pratap Singh.
•Research papers.
•Internet .

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