1. Hacking a cause
of cyber crime

2. Cyber Crime
• I n S i mp l e w a y w e c a n s a y t h a t c y b e r c r i me i s u n l a w f u l
a c t s w h e r e i n t h e c o mp u t e r i s e i t h e r a t o o l o r a
t a r g e t o r b o t h .
• CATEGORIES OF CYBER CRIME:
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c a n s t e a l , c o mmi t f r a u d , o r d e s t r o y d a t a f r o m mi l e s

3. Types of Cyber Crime
Hackers: enjoy intellectual challenges of
Hacking
overcoming software limitations and
Denial of Service how to increase capabilities of systems
Attack Crackers: illegally break into other people’s
Pornography secure systems and networks
Phising Cyber Terrorists: threaten and attack other
Spoofing people’s computers to further a social
Salami Attack or political agenda
Forgery

4. How do people Hack …?
Motivation for Hackers:-
 The challenge... ‗because it‘s there!‘
 Ego
 Espionage
 Ideology
 Mischief
 Money (extortion or theft)
 Revenge

5. Hacker Characteristics
 Predominantly male
 Aged from mid-teens to mid-twenties
Lacking in social skills
Underachiever in other areas
who sees computing as a means
of being important or powerful

6. History of Hackers
• In December of 1947, the transistor was invented.
• Captain Crunch
• Steve Jobs
• Kevin Mitnick
• AT&T
• The Worm- Robert Morris
• Kevin Poulsen (a.k.a. Dark Dante)
• Tsumomu Shimomura
• David Smith
• Jon Johansen (a.k.a. DVD Jon)

7. 21 January 2003 : -
Two years jail for UK virus writer who infected
27,000 PCs
Simon Vallor, the twenty-two year old web
designer from North Wales who, in December 2002,
pleaded guilty to writing and distributing three
computer viruses, was sentenced at Southwark
Crown Court, London to a two year custodial
sentence. His viruses - Gokar, Redesi and Admirer –
were proven to have infected 27,000 PCs in 42
countries.

8. Successful Hackers
• Eric McCarty hacks into USC
database
• Australian hacker attacks sewage
control computers

9. What are ―Hacking‖ 3 phases?
The three phases of hacking are:
Phase 2—the early years (1960‘s andto the 1990‘s,
3—beginning from mid-1990‘s with the
1—the period in thethe 1970‘s 1970‘s), when
when hacking took on its more
hackingof the Web and term; negative meanings.
growth was a positive of e-commerce and the
participation of a large portion of the general
public online.

10. Hacking can take several forms:-
• Accessing - entering a network which is intended to be private
• Defacing – changing the content of another person‘s Web site
• Hijacking – redirecting elsewhere anyone trying to access a particular Web
site
• Bombing – overwhelming a site with countless messages to slow down or even
crash the server
• Denial of service – running a program which sends thousands of requests to
a site simultaneously, frequently from more than one source, so that the
relevant server slows down considerably or preferably (from the point of
view of the hacker) crashes.

11. Some facts on hacking
• The Information Security Advisory Group estimates that world-wide there are now
some 100,000 hackers or crackers (as they prefer to describe themselves).
• Hackers have developed a program called ―The Backdoor‖ which provides them
access to systems running Microsoft Windows.
• Company computer systems are usually more difficult to hack because they employ
protective arrangements such as firewalls.
• The most infamous group of hackers – operating since 1994 – is an American team
which calls itself ―The Cult of the Dead Cow‖ (CDC).
• hacking incidents of recent times occurred in February 2000 when distributed
‗denial of service‘ attacks brought down the sites of Yahoo!, CNN, eBay, Buy.com,
Amazon, E*Trade, Datek & ZDNet.
• hacking into 92 computer networks operated by NASA and the US military
(including two break-ins at the Pentagon).
• Western Union closed its web site for five days in September 2001 after a security
breach saw hackers access 15,000 records containing credit and debit card details.

12. The Future
Hacktivism, or Political Hacking
Catching Hackers
• Hacking by terrorists and by government-sponsored military organizations is likely to increase. The
governments of the U.S., China, and other countries are using or planning such attacks.
• The potential for havoc will increase when hackers can control devices, not just for information.
• Hacktivism is the use of hacking to promote a political cause.
• A police detective specializing in financial crime and hacking told that 30% of hackers are government
informers.
• Law-enforcement and security personnel continue to update their skills and tools as hackers change
theirs.
• The Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT), based at Mello University, was established in 1988 in
response to the Internet Worm.(CERT itself was the victim of a denial-of-service attack in 2001, bogging
down its Web site for 30 hours.)

13. What are the Effects of Computer
Hacking
1. It exposes the sensitive data of the user and risks user privacy.
2. Modification of important data with intent to achieve personal gain is
another effect of computer hacking.
3. It meant to be an illegal use of someone else's identity for personal use.
4. Several key-logging software have been evolved which are capable of tracking
and recording key stroke by the user, causing stealing of passwords and
account details.
5. If the information related to national security, confidential government data,
information related to national defence and security
6. Hacking can be used to convert computer into zombies.

14. Cyber Crime and Its Causes…!
CYBER LAW
• India has enacted the first I.T.Act, 2000 based on the UNCIRAL model recommended by the general
assembly of the United Nations.
Offence Section under IT Act
• Tampering with Computer source documents Sec.65
• Hacking with Computer systems, Data alteration Sec.66
• Publishing obscene information Sec.67
• Un-authoried access to protected system Sec.70
• Breach of Confidentiality and Privacy Sec.72
• Publishing false digital signature certificates Sec.73

15. Partially Updated (9):
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Substantially or Fully
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Updated (10):
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16. How can you find out whether
your computer has been hacked?
• An unexplained decline in computer
performance,
• An unexpected increase in file size,
• Unexplained modifications to files,
• Sudden changes in network settings of the
computer
• Frequent disk crashes are some of the warning
signs of a hacked computer.

17. What kind of protection is available?
• Cyber Security
– Cyber security standards are security standards which enables organizations to practice safe security
techniques to minimize the number of successful cyber security attacks.
• ADVANTAGES OF CYBER SECURITY
• It defends us from critical attacks.
• It helps us browse safe websites.
• It defends us from hacks and virus
• Prevention
Small Things
• Tips to secure your Wireless network
• Security and Passwords
• Protect yourself against viruses
• Install a Firewall
• Update your Microsoft Systems

18. CONCLUSION
• The modern thief can steal more with a
computer than without a gun.
• Tomorrow‘s terrorists may be able to do
more damage with a keyboard than with a
bomb.
• Thus hacking is one of the serious cause of
Thank you
cyber-crime in todays world.