This presentation is on Endangerd species of marine mammals and marine birds. Explain about bioligy,habitat,reproduction,threats and conservations of the animals.

1. Harshath.D.G
Jr.M.F.Sc
COLLEGE OF FISHERIES
,MANGALURU
BIOLOGY OF ENDANGERED SPECIES
OF MARINE MAMMALS AND MARINE
BIRDS

3. ENDANGEREDSPECIES
Organisms whose number have declined rapidly and
species might be wiped from the earth in near future are
called Endangered Species.
A species of plant or nature that is in immediate danger
of becoming extinct and needs protection to survive.

4.  Extinct – not seen at least for 50 years
 Critically Endangered – likely to be extinct
 Endangered – high risk of extinction
 Vulnerable – risk of extinction
 Near threatened – close to vulnerable
 Least Concern – not qualify any of the above
 Data deficient – no information available
Categories

5. EXTINCT(Ex) : A taxon is extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that
the last individual has died.
 ENDANGERED(EN) : Taxa are considered to be facing very high risk of
extinction in the wild
CRITICALLY ENDANGERED(CR) : Species which are facing a very high risk of
extinction in the wild it is considered as a critically endangered sp

6. Ways That Species Become
Endangered
 Habitat loss
 Unregulated or illegal killing or collection
 Pesticides, pollution
 Competition with other species
 Disease
 Predation

7. Class Mammalia
 All mammals share the following characteristics:
 Warm-blooded (endothermic and homoeothermic)
 Four-chambered heart
 Fur or hair (not feathers) to retain heat
 Mammary glands to produce milk for young

8. MARINE MAMMALS
 Marine mammals are aquatic mammals that rely on the ocean and
other marine ecosystem for their existence.
 They include animals such as seals, whales, manatees, sea otters
and polar bears.
 Have the same characteristics as all other mammals. But they have
adapted to living all or part of their life in the ocean.

9. MARINE MAMMALS
 Like the marine reptiles and birds before them, several different
types of land animals successfully invaded the ocean:
 Seals, sea lions, and the walrus (order Pinnipedia)
 Sea otter and the polar bear (order Carnivora)
 Manatees and dugongs (order Sirenia)
 Whales, dolphins, and porpoises (order Cetacea)
 120 species altogether

10.  All marine mammals arose from land ancestors and have become
adapted to a marine existence
 Streamlined body shapes reduce drag
 Limbs have been modified into flippers
 Evolved means of retaining large quantities of oxygen to facilitate
long dives
 Concentrated (highly saline) urine

11. CLASSIFICATION
There are five groups of marine mammals:
1. PINNIPEDS : Includes sea lions, fur seals
and walruses
2. CETACEANS :Includes whales,
dolphins and propoises

12. 3. SEA OTTERS :
4.SIRENIANS:(dugong and manatees) :
5. POLAR BEARS

13. ENDANGERED Marine Mammals

14. BLUE WHALE (Balaenoptera musculas)

15. CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : chordata
Class : Mammalia
Order : Cetacea
Family : Balaenopteridae
Genus : Balaenoptera
Species :Balaenoptera musculus

16. GENERAL BIOLOGY
The Blue whale is the biggest creature that has ever lived on earth.
 They can grow to 100 feet long and weigh 150 tons.
 The blue whales are mottled bluish-green on their backs and sides.
 Female blue whales are a little bigger than the males
 They have hundreds of baleen plates, instead of teeth in their
mouth.
 It has as many as 88 folds of skin in its throat.
 The skin is springy and smooth

17. Threats
 Threats. Climate change, ship strikes and entanglement
in fishing gear are the primary threats faced by blue whales.
 Additional threats that could potentially affect whale populations
include anthropogenic noise, habitat degradation, pollutionand
vessel disturbance.

18. HABITAT
Whales migrate long distance
between equatorial wintering
grounds and high latitude
feeding areas.
In summer they may be found
across the Gulf of Alaska and in
winter, off southern California
Spend most of their time along
the edges of continental shelves

19. REPRODUCTION
– The blue whale reaches sexual maturity at 7 to 10 years of age, when it will
mate with several partners during winter and early spring.
– gestation period of 10 to 11 months.
– inter-birth period for female blue whales is probably two to three years.
– A baby whale is 23 feet long at birth.
LIFE SPAN : 70-80 years
FEEDING HABITS
 Feed on krill and may consume several tons on each day.
 Feeds at both the surface and at depth, undertaking diurnal vertical
migration as it follows its krill prey to depth of at least 100meters.

20. Sea Otters

21. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Chordata
Class : Mammalia
Order : Carnivora
Sub order: Caniformia
Family : Mustelidae
Genus : Enhydra
Species : E. lutris

22. GENERAL BIOLOGY
Sea otters have a small round head, closeable nostril, ears
with flaps and small eyes that are good for seeing in and out
of the water. The nostrils and the ears close while underwater
so that no water gets into them.

23. HABITAT :
Sea otters today live in the Commander islands, the Aleutain islands, Vancouver
island, and California. Sea otters no longer live off the coast of Mexico, the Pribilof
islands, and Hokkaido because a long time ago too many people killed the sea
otters and used the valuable thick fur for trading.

24. FEEDING HABIT
Sea otters mostly eat sea urchins, mussels, abalone, clams, scallops, crabs,
sea snails, chitons, octopus and squid. Sea otters use rocks as tools to break
open the hard-shelled prey.

25. REPRODUCTION
Both male and female otters attain sexual maturity in their second or third
year. Most don’t successfully reproduce until they are five or seven years
old.
 Sea otters are polygynous males have multiple female partners.
Viviparous, sexual reproduction.
Give birth to single pup but rarely twins

26. – Sea cow ( Dugong dugong )

27. Classification
Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Chordata
Class : Mammalia
Order : Sirenia
Family : Dungongidae
Genus : Dugong
Species : D. dugong

28. GENERAL BIOLOGY
The sea cow grew at least 8 to 9 meters, much larger than the manatee.
The adult sea cow can weigh 4 to 23 tons.
The head was disproportional against the body, it was smaller.
The upper lip is so large, so broad, and extends so far beyond the mandible,
the mouth appears to be located underneath the skull.
The mouth is rather small, toothless, and equipped with double lips, both
above and below.
These bristles take the place of teeth and are used to pull out seaweed and
hold food.
Mastication is performed by two white bones or solid tooth masses

29. HABITAT :
 Fossil evidence indicates that the past distribution of the sea cow was
much wider, including the coasts of Japan and North America
 They were often found near the mouths of stream of rivers, which suggests
they could not tolerate drinking marine water.
 They inhabited the shallow cold marine waters rich in sea grass and algae
near the shore around Bering Island and Medney Island.

30. FEEDING HABITS :
The sea cows eats seaweed near the surface and sea grasses, but normally
soft algae.
They don’t have teeth. They usually near the rivers searching for food.

31. REPRODUCTION
Dugongs mature (adult) at around 6 -17 years of age.
A female dugong has one calf every three to seven years.
LIFE SPAN
An individual dugong may live for 70 years.
DISTRIBUTION
Indian Ocean – eastern; Indian Ocean – western; Pacific – northwest; Pacific –
western central

32. –Killer Whale (Orcinus orca)

33. CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Chordata
Class : Mammalia
Order : Cetacea
Family : Delphinidae
Genus : Orcinus
Species : O. orca

34. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
 Largest member of the dolphin family.
 Mostly black with striking white patches above the eye, and below
the lower jaw to the belly.
 Transient and resident whales have slightly different dorsal fins and
saddle patches.
 Resident populations cover area of hundreds of square kms.
Transient population often move through an area rapidly.

35. HABITAT :
 Travel in pods(groups) of 2-50, or can be solitary.
 Found in all oceans
 Not limited by habitat considerations ( depth temperature, salinity )
 Prefer coastal to temperate waters; prominent away from the tropics.
 Can be found deep in the ocean, or near shore.

36. FEEDING HABITS :
 Most feed on fish, squid, marine birds and seals, propoises and other
cetaceans.
 Generally cooperate during hunting
 Have specialised feeding habits
 Each jaw contains 11 sharp conical teeth ideal for tearing prey
 Top carnivores in the marine food pyramid

37. REPRODUCTION
– Reach sexual maturity when they grow to about 15-18 feet (4.6 m-5.4 m)
long, depending on geographic region.
– The gestation period for killer whales varies from 15-18 months. Birth may
take place in any month--there is no distinct calving season.
– Calves are nursed for at least 1 year, and may be weaned between 1-2 years
old.
LIFESPAN
Up to 50-100 years:
Males typically live for about 30 years, but can live as long as 50-60 years.
Females typically live about 50 years, but can live as long as 100 years

38. Beluga whales ( Delphinapterus
leucas)

39. CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order Cetacea
Family: Monodontidae
Genus: Delphinapterus
Species: D. leucas

40. GENERAL BIOLOGY
 Small, white-toothed whale.
 Beluga whales lack a dorsal fin and do not typically produce a visible
"blow" when breathing at the surface.
 This feature appears to be an adaptation to maneuvering and catching
prey in muddy or ice-covered areas.
 Covered with a thick layer of blubber( 40 percent of their body mass) as
thermal protection and stores energy.
 Shed their outer layer of skin, or molt, each summer around July.

41. DISTRIBUITION
– Inhabits a discontinuous circumpolar distribution in Arctic and sub-Arctic
waters.
FEEDINGHABITS
Beluga whales are opportunistic feeder. They prey on about 100 different
kinds of primarily bottom-dwelling animals. They eat octopus, squid, crabs,
snail, sandworm and fishes.
Threats
 Entanglement. Like whales, dolphins are susceptible to
entanglement in commercial fishing gear. ...
 Habitat Loss. ...
 Commercial Harvest. ...
 Climate Change.

42. REPRODUCTION
– Female reproduce at around 4 to 7 years of age and males around 7 to 9
years
– Beluga whales mate in the spring, usually in March or April, in small bays
and estuaries.
– Gestation lasts about 14-15 months, and calves are born between March
and September, mostly between May and July.
– Females give birth to single calves (and on rare occasion twins) every two
to three years on average.
– They give birth where the water is relatively warm (50-60° F or 10-15° C).

43. Seals

44. CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order :Pinnipedia
Family: Phocidae
Genus: Phoca
Species: vitulina

45. General Biology
– Harbor seals are brown, silvery white, tan, or gray, with distinctive V-shaped
nostrils.
– An adult can attain a length of 1.85 m (6.1 ft) and a mass of 132 kg
(290 lb). Blubberunder the seal's skin helps to maintain body temperature.
– Females are generally smaller than males.
– Females outlive males (30–35 years versus 20–25 years
They are found in coastal waters of the northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans as
well as those of the Baltic and North Seas, making them the most wide-ranging
of the pinnipeds (walruses, eared seals, and true seals).
Habitat

46. Food and feeding
 Diet: Harbor Seals are carnivorous (meat eater).
 Harbor seals stick to familiar resting spots or haulout sites, generally
rocky areas
 They feed on salmon,[6] menhaden, anchovy, sea
bass, herring, mackerel, cod, whiting and flatfish, and
occasionally shrimp, crabs, mollusks, and squid.
Reproduction
 Females have a mean age at sexual maturity of 3.72 years and a mean age at
first parturition of 4.64. Both courtship and mating occur under water.
 Females bear a single pup after a nine-month gestation, which they care for
alone.
 The mothers are the sole providers of care, with lactation lasting 24 days
 Pups can weigh up to 16 kg (35 lb) and are able to swim and dive within hours
of birth.
 They develop quickly on their mothers' fat-rich milk, and are weaned after four
to six weeks.

47. Sea Lions

48. CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order :Cornivora
Family: Otaridae
Genus: Zalophus
Species: californianus

49. General Biology
– Sea lions are sea mammals characterized by external ear flaps, long
foreflippers, the ability to walk on all fours, short, thick hair, and a big
chest and belly.
– They have an average lifespan of 20–30 years.
– A male California sea lion weighs on average about 300 kg (660 lb) and
is about 8 ft (2.4 m) long, while the female sea lion weighs 100 kg
(220 lb) and is 6 ft (1.8 m) long.
– Three species, the Australian sea lion, the Galápagos sea lion and
the New Zealand sea lion are listed as Endangered.
Habitat
– Their range extends from the subarctic to tropical waters of
the global ocean in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres,
with the notable exception of the northern Atlantic Ocean.

50.  sea lions, raise their young, mate, and rest in more earthly land or
ice habitats.
 Male sea lions reach sexual maturity from ages 5 to 7 yr
 breeding period between the austral summer of January to March.
Reproduction
1. Large scale fishery removals reducing the availability or quality of prey
species
2. A climate/regime shift changing the abundance or distribution of prey
3. Non-lethal disease and
4. Pollutants contaminating fish eaten by sea lions.
5. Entanglement in fishing gear,
6. Increasing mortality from pollution and disease, independent of
nutrition.
Threats

52. Polar bear

53. CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Cornivora
Family: Ursidae
Genus: Ursus
Species: maritimus

54. General Biology
– A boar (adult male) weighs around 350–700 kg (772–1,543 lb),[6] while a
sow (adult female) is about half that size.
– it is the only living marine mammal with powerful, large limbs and feet
that allow them to cover miles on foot and run on land.
Distribution
 The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and adjacent land
masses as far south as Newfoundland.
 biologists use a working estimate of about 20–25,000 or 22–
31,000 polar bears worldwide.

55.  The polar bear is the most carnivorous member of the bear family
 moving across snow, ice and open water, and for hunting seals, which
make up most of its diet.
Feeding habit
Reproduction
 Courtship and mating take place on the sea ice in April and May,
 Polar bears have a generally polygynous mating system
 After mating, the fertilized egg remains in a suspended state until August or
September.
 During these four months, the pregnant female eats prodigious amounts
of food, gaining at least 200 kg (440 lb) and often more than doubling her
body weight.
 Between November and February, cubs are born blind, covered with a light
down fur, and weighing less than 0.9 kg (2.0 lb)

56. Dolphins

57. Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order :Artiodactyla
Family: Delphinidae
Genus: Delphinus
Species: linnaeus
CLASSIFICATION

58.  . Dolphins range in size from the 1.7 m (5.6 ft) long and 50 kg
(110 lb) Maui's dolphin.
 Several species exhibit sexual dimorphism, in that the males are larger
than females.
 They have streamlined bodies and two limbs that are modified into
flippers.
 some dolphins can travel at 55.5 km/h (34.5 mph).
 They have well-developed hearing which is adapted for both air and
water and is so well developed that some can survive even if they are
blind.
 Some species are well adapted for diving to great depths.
 They have a layer of fat, or blubber, under the skin to keep warm in the
cold water
General Biology
 Entanglement. Like whales, dolphins are susceptible to entanglement
in commercial fishing gear. ...
 Habitat Loss. ...
 Commercial Harvest. ...
 Climate Change.
Threats :

59.  Dolphins use their conical shaped teeth to capture fast moving
prey.
 Dolphins feed largely on fish and squid, but a few, like the killer
whale, feed on large mammals, like seals.
Food and Feeding habit:
 Dolphin copulation happens belly to belly
 The gestation period varies with species; for the small Tucuxi dolphin,
this period is around 11 to 12 months
 Male dolphins typically mate with multiple females every year, but
females only mate every two to three years.
 Calves are typically born in the spring and summer months and females
bear all the responsibility for raising them.
 Mothers of some species fast and nurse their young for a relatively long
period of time.
Reproduction:

60. Vaquita

61. CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order : Artiodactyla
Family: Phocoenidae
Genus: Phocoena
Species: sinus

62. General Biology
 The vaquita is somewhat stocky and has a characteristic porpoise shape.
 The species is distinguishable by the dark rings surrounding their eyes,
patches on their lips, and a line that extends from their dorsal fins to their
mouths.
 Their backs are a dark grey that fades to white undersides.
 As vaquitas mature, the shades of grey lighten.
 Female vaquitas tend to grow larger than males. On average, females
mature to a length of 140.6 cm (55.4 in), compared to 134.9 cm (53.1 in)
for males.

63. Distribution
 Vaquitas are the smallest and most endangered species of the
infraorder Cetacea and are endemic to the northern end of the Gulf of
California. or Sea of Cortez.
 As of March 2018 only about 12-15 individuals remain.
 The word vaquita is Spanish for "little cow".
 It has been listed as critically endangered since 1996.
Habitat
 They live in shallow, murky lagoons along shorelines. They rarely
swim deeper than 30 m (100 ft)
 They tend to choose habitats with turbid waters, because they have
high nutrient content, which is important because it attracts the
small fish, squid, and crustaceans on which they feed.

64.  It has been listed as critically endangered since 1996.
 The population was estimated at 600 in 1997, below 100 in
2014,approximately 60 in 2015, around 30 in November
2016,[9][10] and only 12-15 in March 2018

65. Reproduction
 Vaquitas are estimated to live about 20 years in ideal conditions.
 They mature sexually at 1.3 m long, as early as 3 years old, but more
likely at 6.
 Reproduction occurs during late spring or early summer.
 Their gestation period is between 10 and 11 months.
 They have seasonal reproduction, and usually have one calf in March.
 The inter-birth period, or elapsed time between offspring birth, is
between 1 and 2 years.
 The young are then nursed for about
6 to 8 months until they are capable of
fending for themselves.

66. Threats
 The population decrease is largely attributed to bycatch from the
illegal gillnet fishery for the totoaba,
 Other potential threats to the vaquita population include habitat
alterations and pollutants
Conservation
 Investment of tens of millions of dollars by the Mexican government in
efforts to eliminate the bycatch.
 The EDGE of Existence Programme is a conservation effort that
attempts to help conserve endangered animals that represent large
portions of their evolutionary trees.
 The U.S. government has listed the vaquita as endangered under
the Endangered Species Act.
 It is also listed by the IUCN and the CITES in the category at most
critical risk of extinction.

68. Marine Mammal Conservation
Congress passed the MMPA in 1972.
 Developing and implementing conservation plans for species designated as
depleted.
 Establishing cooperative agreement with state and alaska natives regarding
marine mammal resources.
 Managing marine mammal health and stranding response program.
 Administering the national program for display of captive whales, dolphins,
propoises, seals and sea lions.
 Administering various authorizations and permits.
 The 1979 Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild
Animals (CMS) is the only global organization that conserves a broad range
of animals, of which includes marine mammals.

69. ENDANGERED SPECIES OF SEA
BIRDS

70. Marine birds
– Seabirds (also known as marine birds) are birds that have adapted
to life within the marine environment
– While sea birds vary greatly in lifestyle, behaviour and striking
convergent evolution, as the same environmental problems and
feeding niches have resulted in similar adaptations.
– In general sea birds live longer, breed later and have fewer young
than other birds do, but they invest a great deal of time in their
young.

71. BLACK-FRONTED
TERN :

72. CLASSIFICATION :
Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Chordata
Class : Aves
Order : Charadriiformes
Family : Laridae
Genus : Childonias
Species : C. albostriatus

73. GENERAL BIOLOGY:
– The black-fronted tern was first described by George Robert Gray in
1845.
– Its specific name is derived from the Latin albus "white", and striatus
"striped".
– Adults are white, with a dark upperwing.
– Smaller and has a slightly darker back.
– It is 110 cm (43 in)and has a wingspan of up to 3.05 m (10.0 ft).

74. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT :
Within New Zealand, the black-fronted tern is found
from the southern tip of the North island, and along
much of the eastern south island from Marlborough to
southland, and to Stewart island. There is an outlying
population along the Buller and upper Mouteka river in
southern Nelson.

75. REPRODUCTION
 Most species are monogamous.
 Slow reproductive rate, producing just
one egg every two years .
 Breeds at 6-8 years of age
Life span
 30 -60 years

76. ABBOTT’S BOOBY (Papasula abbotti)

77. CLASSIFICATION :
Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Chordata
Class : Aves
Order : Pelecaniformes
Family : Sulidae
Genus : Papasula
Species : P. abbotti

78. GENERAL BIOLOGY
 Large slender-bodied black-and-white seabird.
 The head, neck and beneath parts are white .
 The black upper wing has white flecking and a narrow white leading
edge .
 The white lower back and rump are blotched with black and the
pointed tail is also black .
 In males the bill is a vivid blue-grey, tipped with black
 In the female it is pink and also tipped with black .
 Both sexes have deep grey legs and feet .
 Length: 79 cm

79. REPRODUCTION
 Abbott's booby pairs stay together through successive seasons and nest
colonially between April and October .
 incubation of the egg during the 56 day period.
 Breeding occurs from about eight years of age .
LIFE SPAN
life expectancy may be up to 40 years
These seabirds feed on fish and squid , presumably by
plunge diving
Habitat
DISTRIBUITION
Believed to be previously widespread in the Indian Ocean, although
breeding is restricted to Christmas Island.

80. Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus)

81. CLASSIFICATION :
Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Chordata
Class : Aves
Order : Sphenisciformes
Family : Spheniscidae
Genus : Spheniscus
Species : S. mendiculus

82. GENERAL BIOLOGY
APPEARANCE
 The Galapagos Penguin is
relatively small compare to other
penguins.
 The average size is about 5.3cm in
length and 1.7 to 2.6 kg in mass.
 Males are typically larger than
females.
 These penguins are black with
white areas on their heads and the
front of the body. The coloring also
known as countershading, helps to
protect from predators.

83. FEEDING BEHAVIOR
– It feeds near the shore in cool, nutrient-rich oceanic waters, where there is
an abundance of prey year-round .
– They eat small schooling fish, mainly mullet, sardines, and sometimes
crustaceans
HABITAT
– The Galapagos penguin nests in cracks, caves and depressions in the
island’s lava flows.

84. REPRODUCTION
– The flexibility of breeding in this penguin allows it to take advantage of
times of high food abundance.
– The bond is reinforced by mutual preening and bill tapping. Two eggs are
produced at an interval of around four days.
LIFESPAN
– Galapagos penguins can live for 15 to 20 years.

85. Magenta Petrel (Pterodroma
magentae)

86. CLASSIFICATION :
Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Chordata
Class : Aves
Order : Procellariiformes
Family : Procellaridae
Genus : Magneta
Species : M. patrel

87. GENERAL BIOLOGY
 PHYISICAL DESCRIPTION
 This medium-sized petrel has a brownish-grey back and wings.
 the undersides of the wings are brown and the belly is white.
 It has a black bill and pink legs.
 Adults weigh 400–580 g and nest in 1–3 m long burrows under
dense forest.

88. Distribution
– range at sea is known to extend across the entire South Pacific
Ocean from the Tasman Sea to South America Its
FEEDING BEHAVIOR
– Its diet is not well known, but includes squid and fish.
LIFE HISTORY
– Males return to the colony aged 3-10 years, females at 4-9 years,
– Males occupy burrows for 1-3 years before pair formation and
breeding

89. Major impacts and threats to seabirds
 Introduced mammals and plants. Most seabirds breed in high
densities on oceanic islands and have not evolved
with predators. ...
 Fisheries interactions. Seabirds are attracted to fishing vessels
and drown in hooks or on nets. ...
 Fisheries competition. ...
 Climate change. ...
 Pollution.

90. Migratory bird conservation act
of 1929
 Protecting bird’s habitat, resources, made their environments safe by
preventing pollution and toxins from reaching their food supplies and
water.
 It also authorizes the protection and development of migratory birds lands
and preservation.
 Providing sanctuaries or peaceful land for birds.
 The migratory bird conservation commission also allowed the purchase of
land and birds provided resources and maintenance of the land purchased

91. CONCLUSION
 An endangered species is one which has been categorised by the
International Union For Conservation of Natural (IUCN)as likely to be
extinct. Conservation biologists use the IUCN Red List, wehre endangered
is the second most severe conservation status for wild populations,
following criticallay endangered. Many organisms like sea lion, Dolphins,
Whales, Polar bear, Penguin, Abbotts booby, Black fronted tern etc….